Ro 10-5824 dihydrochloride is a selective dopamine D4 receptor partial agonist, with Ki of 5.2 nM.
Salbutamol-d9 (acetate) is the deuterium labeled Salbutamol[1]. Salbutamol is a short-acting β2-adrenergic receptor agonist used for the relief of bronchospasm in conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
RBC10 is an anti-cancer agent. RBC10 inhibits the binding of Ral to its effector RALBP1. RBC10 also inhibits Ral-mediated cell spreading of murine embryonic fibroblasts and anchorage-independent growth of human cancer cell lines[1].
PNU-282987 (free base) (Compound C7) is a potent α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist with an EC50 of 154 nM. PNU-282987 (free base) is also a functional antagonist of the 5-HT3 receptor with an IC50 of 4541 nM[1].
Litoxetine (SL 81.0385) is a selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor. Litoxetine is a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist with a Ki of 85 nM for cerebral 5-HT3 receptors. Litoxetine is an antidepressant and has antiemetic properties[1].
Basimglurant (RG7090) is a potent, selective and orally available mGlu5 negative allosteric modulator with a Kd of 1.1 nM.
Chlorprothixene has strong binding affinities to dopamine and histamine receptors, such as D1, D2, D3, D5, H1, 5-HT2, 5-HT6 and 5-HT7, with Ki of 18 nM, 2.96 nM, 4.56 nM, 9 nM, 3.75 nM, 9.4 nM, 3 nM and 5.6 nM, respectively.Target: Dopamine ReceptorChlorprothixene exerts strong binding affinities to the dopamine and histamine receptors, such as D1, D2, D3, D5 and H1 with Ki values of 18nM, 2.96 nM, 4.56 nM, 9 nM and 3.75 nM, respectively, but has little affinity to H3 (Ki >1000 nM) [1]. Chlorprothixene also shows high affinities for both rat 5-HT6 from stably transfected HEK-293 cells, and rat 5-HT7 receptors from transiently expressed COS-7 cells, with Ki values of 3 nM and 5.6 nM, respectively [2].Administration of Chlorprothixene restores normal ceramide concentrations in murine bronchial epithelial cells, reduces inflammation in the lungs of mice with cystic fibrosis (CF) and prevents infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, by inhibiting acidsphingomyelinase (Asm) and not neutral sphingomyelinase (Nsm) [3].
Rotigotine Hydrochloride is a full agonist of dopamine receptor, a partial agonist of the 5-HT1A receptor, and an antagonist of the α2B-adrenergic receptor, with Ki of 0.71 nM, 4-15 nM, and 83 nM for the dopamine D3 receptor and D2, D5, D4 receptors, and dopamine D1 receptor.
Talaglumetad hydrochloride is a prodrug of thetype II metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR2/3) agonist Eglumegad for the treatment of anxiety.
DPCPX (PD 116948), a xanthine derivative, is a highly potent and selective Adenosine A1 receptor antagonist, with a Ki of 0.46 nM in 3H-CHA binding to A1 receptors in rat whole brain membranes[1][2][3].
3-Hydroxy agomelatine is a metabolite of Agomelatine. 3-Hydroxy agomelatine is a 5-HT2C receptor antagonist with an IC50 of 3.2 μM and a Ki of 1.8 μM[1].
Loxiglumide is a cholecystokinin (CCK-1) receptor antagonist.
MK-4256 is a potent and selective SSTR3 antagonist with IC50s of 0.66 nM and 0.36 nM in human and mouse receptor binding assays, respectively.
(R)-(-)-α-Methylhistamine dihydrobromide is a potent and selective H3 histamine receptor agonist with a Kd of 50.3 nM[1][2]. (R)-(-)-α-Methylhistamine dihydrobromide can cross the blood-brain barrier, and can enhance memory retention, attenuates memory impairment in rats[3][4][5].
Maropitant is a neurokinin (NK1) receptor antagonist. IC50 value:Target: NK1 receptorMaropitant is the first NK1 receptor antagonist developed to treat and prevent emesis in dogs. Treatment with 1 mg/kg Maropitant citrate, significantly reduced the size of ulcerative dermatitis (UD) lesions in mice. Intravenous Maropitant decreased (p < 0.05) MAC by 16% (1.74 ± 0.17%). In contrast, epidural administration of either saline or Maropitant did not change (p > 0.05) the MAC (2.17 ± 0.34% and 1.92 ± 0.12%, respectively).
Oxidopamine hydrobromide is a selective catecholaminergic neurotoxin, depletes brain catecholamine levels via uptake and accumulation by a transport mechanism specific to these neurons. In vitro: Oxidopamine hydrobromide-induced apoptosis of PC12 cells was initiated by superoxide generation followed by caspase cascade activation, which was associated with the suppressed Akt phosphorylation and increased p38 phosphorylation. It is likely that pCPT-cAMP prevented the Oxidopamine hydrobromide-induced apoptosis via activation of the PI3-kinase/Akt pathway without any effect on superoxide generation or mitochondrial membrane depolarization. [1]In vivo the presence of sulfhydryl antioxidants protected against neuronal degeneration in the striatum, which was particularly remarkable in the case of CySH and was attributed to its capacity to remove the H2O2 produced in the autoxidation of Oxidopamine hydrobromide.
Ceruletide, a biologically active decapeptide isolated from the skin of the Australian frog Hyla caerulea, is a potent cholecystokinetic agent, and acts as a cholecystokinin receptor agonist. Sequence: {pGlu}-Gln-Asp-Tyr(SO3H)-Thr-Gly-Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH2;{pGlu}-QD-Y(SO3H)-TGWMDF-NH2.
L-797591 is a selective somatostatin receptor subtype 1 (SSTR1) agonist[1].
KI-7 is an A2B adenosine receptor positive allosteric modulator. KI-7 potentiates the cAMP accumulation induced by the non-selective A2B adenosine receptor agonist NECA (EC50=445.8 nM). KI-7 also potentiates the cAMP accumulation induced by the selective A2B adenosine receptor agonist BAY 60-6583 as well as by adenosine with EC50s of 2390 nM and 2550 nM, respectively[1][2].
Zavacorilant is capable of modulating glucocorticoid receptor (GR)[1].
SB-334867 is a selective non-peptide orexin OX1 receptor antagonist with a pKb value of 7.2.IC50 value: 7.2 (pKb) [1]Target: orexin OX1 receptor in vitro: SB-334867-A inhibited the orexin-A (10 nM) and orexin-B (100 nM)-induced calcium responses (pK(B)=7.27+/-0.04 and 7.23+/-0.03 respectively, n=8), but had no effect on the UTP (3 microM)-induced calcium response in CHO-OX(1) cells. SB-334867-A (10 microM) also inhibited OX(2) mediated calcium responses (32.7+/-1.9% versus orexin-A) [1].in vivo: Single-unit recordings in anesthetized rats demonstrated the central effects of the selective orexin-1 receptor antagonist SB-334867 (2 mg/kg, intravenous), as it reversed the excitatory effects of orexin-A administration (6 microg, intracerebroventricular) on the activity of locus coeruleus (LC) cells [2]. The ICV injection of SB-334867 alone had no effect on the formalin-induced nociceptive behaviors. Pre-treatment with SB-334867 at a dose of 0.5 nmol significantly attenuated the analgesia induced by morphine (at dose 1.5mg/kg of morphine; interphase and phase 2B and at dose 3mg/kg of morphine just phase 2B of formalin test) [3]. Administered alone, SB-334867 (30 mg/kg, but not lower doses) significantly reduced food intake and most active behaviours (eating, grooming, sniffing, locomotion and rearing), while increasing resting. Pretreatment with SB-334867 dose-dependently blocked these effects of orexin-A, with significant antagonism evident at dose levels (3-10 mg/kg) below those required to produce intrinsic behavioural effects under present test conditions in rats [4].Toxicity: Acute systemic treatment with the selective orexin-1 (OX1R) antagonist SB-334867 reduces food intake in rats, an effect associated with an acceleration in behavioural satiety and unrelated to gross behavioural disruption, alterations in palatability, or toxicity.
UK 14,304 is a full α2-adrenergic receptor (α2-AR) agonist.Target: α2-adrenergic Receptor[3H]UK 14,034 is a full agonist at alpha 2-adrenergic receptors. [3H]UK 14,304 labels at least 2 specific binding sites in human brain that both have the characteristics of an alpha 2-adrenergic binding site. GTP decreases agonist binding at both of these sites, but with different potencies at each site [1-3].
Atranorin is a lichen secondary metabolite. Atranorin inhibits lung cancer cell motility and tumorigenesis by affecting AP-1, Wnt, and STAT signaling and suppressing RhoGTPase activity[1][2].
Ridaifen-B (RID-B) is a potent antagonist of estrogen receptor α (ERα) with IC50 of 52.4 nM, a tamoxifen (HY-13757A) derivative[1]. Ridaifen-B is a high affinity, selective, inverse agonist at CB2 receptor (Ki=43.7 nM) over 17 folds CB1 receptor (Ki=732 nM). Ridaifen-B modulates G-protein (IC50=300 nM) and adenylyl cyclase activity with potency values predicted by CB2 affinity (IC50=134 nM). Ridaifen-B has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-osteoclastogenic effects[1][3].
NNC 26-9100 is a selective somatostatin sst4 receptor full agonist (Ki: 6 nM, EC50: 2 nM). NNC 26-9100 decreases total soluble Aβ42, increases brain neprilysin activity and improves learning[1][2].
Isoprenaline hemisulfate is a non-selective β-adrenergic receptor agonist with potent peripheral vasodilator, bronchodilator, and cardiac stimulating activities[1][2][3][4][5].
AF-DX 384 is a selective antagonist of M2 and M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (Kis=6.03 and 10 nM, respectively)[1]. AF-DX 384 reverses deficits in novel object recognition and passive avoidance in aged rats, as well as in young rats with impairments induced by scopolamine[2].
Gastrin-1, rat (Rat Gastrin-17) is a peptide hormone, and can stimulate gastric acid secretion potently[1].
Setiptiline is a serotonin receptor antagonist.IC50 value:Target: 5-HT receptorSetiptiline is a tetracyclic antidepressant (TeCA) which acts as a noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant (NaSSA). Setiptiline acts as a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, α2-adrenergic receptor antagonist, and serotonin receptor antagonist, likely at the 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C, and/or 5-HT3 subtypes, as well as an H1 receptor inverse agonist/antihistamine. From Wikipedia.
A novel potent, selective mGluR2 positive allosteric modulator with EC50 of 199 and 206 nM for human and rat mGlu2, respectively, without exerting agonist activity; has negligible activities for other mGlu receptors, including mGlu3 receptor; potentiates the mGlu2 receptor-mediated presynaptic inhibition of glutamate release, inhibits both MK-801- and ketamine-increased cortical γ band oscillation in the rat cortical electroencephalogram; significantly inhibits both ketamine- and methamphetamine-increased locomotor activities in mice.