CXCR4-IN-1 (Example C5) is a CXCR4 inhibitor (IC50: 20 nM). CXCR4-IN-1 can be used for research of cancer, HIV, diabetic retinopathy, inflammation, etc[1].
Trimipramine maleate is a 5-HT receptor antagonist, with pKis of 6.39, 8.10, 4.66 for 5-HT1C, 5-HT2 and 5-HT1A, respectively.
Examorelin, a synthetic growth hormone-releasing peptide, has been proven to possess cardioprotective actions through its binding to the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) 1a and the non-GHSR receptor CD36.
Gonadorelin acetate is a man-made protein that is like a hormone in the body called gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Target: GNRH ReceptorGonadorelin acetate is a synthetic decapeptide prepared using solid phase peptide synthesis. GnRH is responsible for the release of follicle stimulating hormone and leutinizing hormone from the anterior pitutitary.
SNT-207858 is a selective and orally available melanocortin MC-4 receptor antagonist with a 170-fold selectivity vs. MC-3 and a 40-fold selectivity versus MC-5. SNT-207858 has an IC50 of 8 nM (binding) and 5 nM (function) on the MC-4 receptor.
KMN-80, a derivative of PGE1 (HY-B0131), is a selective and potent agonist of EP4 receptor with an IC50 and a Ki of 3 nM and 2.35 nM, respectively. KMN-80 is against EP3 receptor with an IC50 of 1.4 μM and >10 μM for all other prostanoid receptors[1].
Noscapine is an orally administrable drug used worldwide for cough suppression, primarily mediated by its σ-receptor agonist activity, and possess anticancer activity.Target: σ-receptorin vitro: Noscapine is a phthalideisoquinoline alkaloid from opium, is a recently discovered anticancer drug and is currently under investigation in phase-I/II clinical trials for the treatment of leukemia and lymphoma. Noscapine causes few or no side effects and has been widely used as a cough suppressant in developing countries. Noscapine has been demonstrated to interact with microtubules. Interestingly, unlike many other microtubule-targeting agents such as Paclitaxel and Nocodazole, Noscapine does not obviously affect the total amount of microtubule polymers in cells; instead, it significantly increases the time microtubules spend in the pause state. The alteration of microtubule dynamics then activates the spindle checkpoint and arrests cell cycle progression at mitosis, leading to apoptotic cell death.
SB408124 Hcl is a non-peptide antagonist for OX1 receptor with Ki of 57 nM and 27 nM in both whole cell and membrane, respectively; exhibits 50-fold selectivity over OX2 receptor.IC50 Value: 57 nM(Ki)Target: OX1 Receptorin vitro: SB-408124 binds hypocretin type 1 receptor (HcrtR1) with pKi values of 7.57. Calcium mobilization studies shows that SB-408124 is a functional antagonist of the OX1 receptor with a affinity of approximately 50-fold selectivity over the OX2 receptor. A recent study indicates that pretreatment of primary cultures of rat astrocytes with SB-401824 before Orexin A administration significantly reduced the stimulatory action of Orexin A on both basal and forskolin-acivated cAMP production.in vivo: SB-408124 (30 μg/10 μL, administered intracerebroventricularly) decreases Orexin-A induced water intake in Wistar rats. Intracerebroventricularly administered Orexin-A (30 μg/10 μL) blocks the vasopressin (VP) level increase induced by either histamine or 2.5% NaCl administration, and this blocking effect is moderated by pretreatment with SB-408124. Intracerebroventricular pretreatment with SB-408124 (50 mM, 5 μL/h) prevents Bicuculline (BIC)-induced increases in endogenous glucose production (EGP).
Betaxolol is a selective beta1 adrenergic receptor blocker used in the treatment of hypertension and glaucoma.Target: Beta1 Adrenergic ReceptorBetaxolol is a cardioselective beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agent. Betaxolol (5 mg/kg via i.p. injection) was administered at 24 and then 44 h following the final chronic cocaine administration. Animals treated with betaxolol during cocaine withdrawal exhibited a significant attenuation of anxiety-like behavior characterized by increased time spent in the open arms and increased entries into the open arms compared to animals treated with only saline during cocaine withdrawal. Betaxolol did not produce anxiolytic-like effects in control animals treated chronically with saline [1]. Betaxolol produces less systemic beta 2- and possibly beta 1-adrenergic receptor blockade than either timolol or levobunolol. Betaxolol may be relatively safer to use in patients with reactive airway disease than either timolol or levobunolol [2].
HAMI3379 (HAMI-3379) is a potent and selective antagonist of cysteinyl leukotriene 2 (CysLT(2)) receptor, inhibits LTD4- and LTC4-induced intracellular calcium mobilization withIC50 of 3.8 nM and 4.4 nM respectively; exhibits very low potency on a recombinant CysLT(1) receptors (IC50>10 uM), does not exhibit any agonistic activity on both CysLT receptors; concentration-dependently inhibits and reverses the LTC(4)-induced perfusion pressure increase and contractility decrease in isolated Langendorff-perfused guinea pig hearts, protects against acute brain injury after focal cerebral ischemia in rats.
NEO 376 is a selective modulator of 5-HT1 receptor, GABA receptor and dopamine receptor, with anti-psychotic actively.
Arecaidine but-2-ynyl ester tosylate is a potent muscarinic agonist that shows 4.6-fold that is selectivity for mAChR M2 in the atrium versus those in the ileum.
Solabegron (GW 427353) is a selective β3-adrenergic receptor agonist, stimulating cAMP accumulation in Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing the human β3-AR, with an EC50 value of 22 nM[1]. Solabegron (GW 427353) is being developed for the treatment of overactive bladder and irritable bowel syndrome[1].
DCB (3,3′-dichlorobenzaldazine) is an neutral allosteric modulator of themetabotropic glutamate receptor metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5) . DCB blocks the positive allosteric regulation of mGluRs (mGluR5) with the help of 3,3′-difluorobenzaldazine (DFB). DCB shows the negative modulatory effect of 3,3′-dimethoxybenzaldazine (DMeOB)[1].
VU0652957 (VU2957, Valiglurax) is a potent, selective mGlu4 positive allosteric modulator (PAM) with EC50 of 64.6 nM in calcium mobilization human mGlu4/Gqi5 assays; showes excellent pharmacokinetics across species (low CLps, %F > 35%), an acceptable CYP profile (>30 uM vs. 3A4, 2D6 and 2C9, 12.5 uM vs. 2C19 and 1.5 uM vs. 1A2), no CYP induction or timedependent inhibition and excellent metabolite coverage across species; also shows attractive predicted human PK parameters (CLps 5-9 mL/min/kg, Vds 1-2 L/kg and t1/2 2-4 hours).
Neurokinin B TFA belongs to the tachykinin family of peptides. Neurokinin B binds a family of GPCRs-including neurokinin receptor 1 (NK1R), NK2R, and NK3R-to mediate their biological effect[1].
mGluR5 modulator 1 is a mGluR5 positive allosteric modulator. mGluR5 modulator 1 can be used for the research of the schizophrenia and cognitive impairments[1].
Mosapride (TAK-370) citrate dehydrate is a gastroprokinetic agent with 5-hydroxytryptamine4 receptor agonist activity and has been widely used in the research of a variety of gastrointestinal disorders. Mosapride citrate dihydrate potently inhibits Kv4.3 in a concentration-dependent manner with IC50 values of 15.2 μM[1]. Mosapride citrate dihydrateselectively stimulates upper GI motility in vivo[2].
MPCI is a selective melanocortin-4 receptor antagonist.
Indoramin D5 is deuterium labeled Indoramin, which is a piperidine antiadrenergic agent.
Cyproheptadine is a histamine receptor antagonist for 5-HT2 receptor with IC50 of 0.6 nM. Target: 5-HT2 ReceptorCyproheptadine is a serotonin antagonist and a histamine H2 blocker used as antipruritic, appetite stimulant, antiallergic, and for the post-gastrectomy dumping syndrome, etc. Inhibitory effects of cyclobenzaprine, amitriptyline, and cyproheptadine on mono- and polysynaptic reflex potentials are due to the inhibition of descending serotonergic systems through 5-HT(2) receptors in the spinal cord [1, 2].
Propranolol D7 hydrochloride is a deuterium labeled Propranolol hydrochloride. Propranolol hydrochloride is a nonselective β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) antagonist, has high affinity for the β1AR and β2AR with Ki values of 1.8 nM and 0.8 nM, respectively[1]. Propranolol hydrochloride inhibits [3H]-DHA binding to rat brain membrane preparation with an IC50 of 12 nM[2]. Propranolol hydrochloride is used to control hypertension, pheochromocytoma, myocardial infarction, cardiac arrhythmias, angina pectoris, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy[3].
SOS1-IN-14 is a potent, selective and orally active SOS1 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 3.9 nM. SOS1-IN-14 can be absorbed in the intestine via a P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux mechanism. SOS1-IN-14 can be used to research KRAS-mutated cancers. SOS1-IN-14 has better potent tumor suppression than BI-3406 (HY-125817)[1].
VU0404251 is a highly potent positive allosteric modulator of mGlu for the study of psychosis[1].
Isoetharine (Isoetarine) mesylate is an orally active selective agonist of β-adrenergic receptors. Isoetharine mesylate is a catechol-like drug and catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) mediates its methylation. Isoetharine mesylate can promote the production of cAMP which stimulates the relaxation of smooth muscle cells and can be used as an emphysema, bronchitis and bronchodilator[1][2].
Doxazosin mesylate(UK 33274) is a quinazoline-derivative that selectively antagonizes postsynaptic α1-adrenergic receptors.Target: α1-adrenergic receptorDoxazosin (mesylate) is the mesylate salt form of doxazosin, which is a long-lasting inhibitor of α1-adrenoceptors that is widely used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia and lower urinary tract symptoms [1]. doxazosin may have a direct inhibitory effect on cholesterol synthesis independent of the LDL receptor. The inhibition of cholesterol synthesis by doxazosin may cause cells to compensate by upregulating the LDL receptor, thereby increasing the importation of lipoprotein cholesterol and reducing LDL cholesterol in the medium [2]. Doxazosin monotherapy was effective in eight of 12 patients (66.7%), and combined therapy with a beta-blocker was effective in 11 of 12 patients (91.7%). The mean pulse rate remained constant throughout therapy. Adverse reactions were minor and transient and occurred in only three patients. Urinary and plasma catecholamine levels tended to decrease or remained unchanged during doxazosin therapy [3].
CJ033466 is a novel and selective 5-HT4 receptor partial agonist with an EC50 of 9 nM and has gastroprokinetic effect[1].
Leuprolide is an agonist at pituitary GnRH receptors. Target: GnRH receptorLeuprorelin is a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue used to treat a wide range of sex hormone-related disorders including advanced prostatic cancer, endometriosis and precocious puberty. Leuprorelin acts primarily on the anterior pituitary, inducing a transient early rise in gonadotrophin release. With continued use, Leuprorelin causes pituitary desensitisation and/or down-regulation, leading to suppressed circulating levels of gonadotrophins and sex hormones. [1] By interrupting the normal pulsatile stimulation of, and thus desensitizing, the GnRH receptors, it indirectly downregulates the secretion of gonadotropins luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), leading to hypogonadism and thus a dramatic reduction in estradiol and testosterone levels in both sexes. [2]
Octreotide is a somatostatin analog that binds to the somatostatin receptor, mainly subtypes 2, 3, and 5, increases Gi activity, and reduces intracellular cAMP production.
Ticagrelor-d7 (AZD6140-d7) is the deuterium labeled Ticagrelor. Ticagrelor (AZD6140) is a reversible oral P2Y12 receptor antagonist for the treatment of platelet aggregation[1][2].