G Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) perceive many extracellular signals and transduce them to heterotrimeric G proteins, which further transduce these signals intracellular to appropriate downstream effectors and thereby play an important role in various signaling pathways. G proteins are specialized proteins with the ability to bind the nucleotides guanosine triphosphate (GTP) and guanosine diphosphate (GDP). In unstimulated cells, the state of G alpha is defined by its interaction with GDP, G beta-gamma, and a GPCR. Upon receptor stimulation by a ligand, G alpha dissociates from the receptor and G beta-gamma, and GTP is exchanged for the bound GDP, which leads to G alpha activation. G alpha then goes on to activate other molecules in the cell. These effects include activating the MAPK and PI3K pathways, as well as inhibition of the Na+/H+ exchanger in the plasma membrane, and the lowering of intracellular Ca2+ levels.

Most human GPCRs can be grouped into five main families named; Glutamate, Rhodopsin, Adhesion, Frizzled/Taste2, and Secretin, forming the GRAFS classification system.

A series of studies showed that aberrant GPCR Signaling including those for GPCR-PCa, PSGR2, CaSR, GPR30, and GPR39 are associated with tumorigenesis or metastasis, thus interfering with these receptors and their downstream targets might provide an opportunity for the development of new strategies for cancer diagnosis, prevention and treatment. At present, modulators of GPCRs form a key area for the pharmaceutical industry, representing approximately 27% of all FDA-approved drugs.

References:
[1] Moreira IS. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2014 Jan;1840(1):16-33.
[2] Tuteja N. Plant Signal Behav. 2009 Oct;4(10):942-7.
[3] Williams C, et al. Methods Mol Biol. 2009;552:39-50.
[4] Schiöth HB, et al. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 2005 May 15;142(1-2):94-101.
[5] Wu J, et al. Cancer Genomics Proteomics. 2012 Jan;9(1):37-50.


Anti-infection >
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Antibody-drug Conjugate >
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15-PGDH 5 alpha Reductase 5-Lipoxygenase Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Acyltransferase Adenosine Deaminase Adenosine Kinase Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) Aldose Reductase Aminopeptidase Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE) ATGL ATP Citrate Lyase Carbonic Anhydrase Carboxypeptidase Cathepsin CETP COMT Cytochrome P450 Dipeptidyl Peptidase Dopamine β-hydroxylase E1/E2/E3 Enzyme Elastase Enolase FAAH FABP Factor Xa Farnesyl Transferase Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) FXR Glucokinase GSNOR Gutathione S-transferase HCV Protease Hexokinase HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase HIV Integrase HIV Protease HMG-CoA Reductase (HMGCR) HSP Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) Lactate Dehydrogenase LXR MAGL Mineralocorticoid Receptor Mitochondrial Metabolism MMP Nampt NEDD8-activating Enzyme Neprilysin PAI-1 PDHK PGC-1α Phosphatase Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Phospholipase Procollagen C Proteinase Proteasome Pyruvate Kinase RAR/RXR Renin ROR Ser/Thr Protease SGK Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD) Thrombin Tryptophan Hydroxylase Tyrosinase Xanthine Oxidase
Neuronal Signaling >
5-HT Receptor AChE Adenosine Kinase Amyloid-β Beta-secretase CaMK CGRP Receptor COMT Dopamine Receptor Dopamine Transporter FAAH GABA Receptor GlyT iGluR Imidazoline Receptor mAChR Melatonin Receptor Monoamine Oxidase nAChR Neurokinin Receptor Opioid Receptor Serotonin Transporter γ-secretase
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Ziprasidone mesylate

Ziprasidone (CP-88059) mesylate is an orally active combined 5-HT and dopamine receptor antagonist[1]. Ziprasidone mesylate has affinities for Rat D2 (Ki=4.8 nM), 5-HT2A (Ki=0.42 nM) and 5-HT1A (Ki=3.4 nM)[1].

  • CAS Number: 185021-64-1
  • MF: C22H25ClN4O4S2
  • MW: 509.04
  • Catalog: 5-HT Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

(d(CH2)51,Tyr(Me)2,Dab5,Arg8)-Vasopressin

(d(CH2)51,Tyr(Me)2,Dab5,Arg8)-Vasopressin (d(CH2)5[Tyr(Me)2, Dab5]AVP) is a specific antagonist of vasopressin V1a receptor, with a pA2 of 6.71[1].

  • CAS Number: 176714-12-8
  • MF: C52H76N14O11S2
  • MW: 1137.38
  • Catalog: Vasopressin Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

GSK1521498

GSK1521498 is a potent and selective μ-opioid receptor (MOR) antagonist. GSK1521498 is being used for the treatment of disorders of compulsive consumption of food, alcohol, and drugs[1].

  • CAS Number: 1426543-84-1
  • MF: C24H23F2N4O4P
  • MW: 500.43
  • Catalog: Opioid Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

(S)-WAY 100135

(S)-WAY 100135 dihydrochloride is a highly selective and potent antagonist of 5-HT 1A (IC50=33.9 nM). (S)-WAY 100135 dihydrochloride has anxiolytic activity in animal models[1].

  • CAS Number: 149007-54-5
  • MF: C24H35Cl2N3O2
  • MW: 468.46
  • Catalog: 5-HT Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Usmarapride

Usmarapride (SUVN-D4010) is a selective 5-HT4 receptor ligand with EC50 value 27.5nM, intended for the symptomatic research of Alzheimer's disease and other disorders of memory and cognition like attention deficient hyperactivity, Parkinson's and schizophrenia[1].

  • CAS Number: 1428862-33-2
  • MF: C23H31N5O6
  • MW: 473.52
  • Catalog: 5-HT Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Carvedilol-d5

Carvedilol-d5 is deuterium labeled Carvedilol. Carvedilol (BM 14190) is a non-selective β/α-1 blocker[1]. Carvedilol inhibits lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 of 5 μM. Carvedilol is a multiple action antihypertensive agent with potential use in angina and congestive heart failure[2]. Carvedilol is an autophagy inducer that inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome[3].

  • CAS Number: 929106-58-1
  • MF: C24H21D5N2O4
  • MW: 411.51
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

UFP 803 TFA

UFP-803 is a potent urotensin-II receptor (UT) ligand. UFP-803 has lower residual agonist activity, so it may be an important tool for the investigations on the role played by the UT system in physiology and pathology[1].

  • CAS Number: 879497-82-2
  • MF: C50H64N10O12S2
  • MW: 1061.23000
  • Catalog: Urotensin Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Tipelukast

Tipelukast (KCA 757) is a sulfidopeptide leukotriene receptor antagonist, an orally bioavailable anti-inflammatory agent and used for the treatment of asthma.

  • CAS Number: 125961-82-2
  • MF: C29H38O7S
  • MW: 530.673
  • Catalog: Leukotriene Receptor
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 735.3±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 398.5±32.9 °C

Carvedilol phosphate

Carvedilol is a non-selective beta blocker/alpha-1 blocker with an IC50 of 3.8 μM for inhibition of LDL oxidation.IC50 Value: 3.8 μM ( inhibition of LDL oxidation)Target: beta Adrenergic ReceptorCarvedilol is a nonselective-blocking agent and is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris. As a third-generation β-adrenergic blocker (β-blocker), Carvedilol is able to reverse cardiac structural remodeling. Recentresults demonstrated that the effect caused by Carvedilol on cardiac remodeling is largely dependent on endogenous NO.

  • CAS Number: 610309-89-2
  • MF: C24H26N2O4.H3PO4.1/2H2O
  • MW: 513.48
  • Catalog: Adrenergic Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 655.2ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 350.1ºC

Phenoxybenzamine-d5

Phenoxybenzamine-d5 is the deuterium labeled Phenoxybenzamine[1]. Phenoxybenzamine is a nonselective, irreversible, orally active α-adrenoceptor antagonist that is commonly used for the research of hypertension, specifically caused by pheochromocytoma. Phenoxybenzamine also shows antitumor activity[2][3].

  • CAS Number: 1309283-11-1
  • MF: C18H17D5ClNO
  • MW: 308.86
  • Catalog: Adrenergic Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

CR4056

CR4056 is a selective inhibitor of human recombinant MAO-A with an IC50 of 202.7 nM. CR4056 is also a ligand of imidazoline-2 receptor (I2R) with an IC50 of 596 nM.

  • CAS Number: 1004997-71-0
  • MF: C17H12N4
  • MW: 272.304
  • Catalog: Imidazoline Receptor
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 364.1±24.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 174.0±22.9 °C

Usmarapride free base

Usmarapride (SUVN-D4010) free base is a potent, selective, orally active and brain penetrant 5-HT4 receptor partial agonist (EC50=44 nM). Usmarapride (SUVN-D4010) free base can be used for the research of cognitive deficits associated with Alzheimer's disease[1].

  • CAS Number: 1428862-32-1
  • MF: C21H29N5O2
  • MW: 383.487
  • Catalog: 5-HT Receptor
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 541.9±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 281.5±32.9 °C

PF-07054894

PF-07054894 is a potent CCR6 antagonist. PF-07054894 targets G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). PF-07054894 can be used in research of inflammatory bowel disease[1].

  • CAS Number: 2413693-96-4
  • MF: C24H30N6O4
  • MW: 466.53
  • Catalog: CCR
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Nimacimab

Nimacimab (RYI-018) is a negative-allosteric modulating monoclonal antibody targeting CB1 receptor. Nimacimab can be used for research of metabolic diseases[1][2].

  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

SLF1081851 TFA

SLF1081851 (TFA) is a Spns2 inhibitor, inhibits S1P release (IC50=1.93 μM). SLF1081851 (TFA) plays a key role in development and immune system[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 2763730-98-7
  • MF: C23H34F3N3O3
  • MW: 457.53
  • Catalog: LPL Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Serotonin-d4

Serotonin-d4 is deuterium labeled Serotonin. Serotonin is a monoamine neurotransmitter in the CNS and an endogenous 5-HT receptor agonist. Serotonin is also a catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor with a Ki of 44 μM.

  • CAS Number: 58264-95-2
  • MF: C10H8D4N2O
  • MW: 180.24
  • Catalog: 5-HT Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Nenocorilant

Nenocorilant (Relacorilant) is a potent, orally activity glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist with Ki value of 0.15 nM. Nenocorilant has pro-apoptotic effects and improves potency combined with cytotoxic agent. Nenocorilant can be used for cancer research[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 1496509-78-4
  • MF: C26H21F4N7O3S
  • MW: 587.55
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

NSC12404

NSC12404 is a weak and specific LPA2 receptor agonist[1].

  • CAS Number: 5411-64-3
  • MF: C21H13NO4
  • MW: 343.33200
  • Catalog: LPL Receptor
  • Density: 1.453g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 531.7ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 275.3ºC

KP496

KP496 is a selective, dual antagonist for Leukotriene D4 receptor and Thromboxane A2 receptor.

  • CAS Number: 217799-03-6
  • MF: C31H34ClN3O7S3
  • MW: 692.27
  • Catalog: Prostaglandin Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Clopidogrel thiolactone

Clopidogrel thiolactone is a P2Y12 receptor inhibitor, is a potent antiplatelet agent.Target: P2Y12Clopidogrel thiolactone is the metabolic intermediate resulting from the first oxidative activation of clopidogrel.

  • CAS Number: 1147350-75-1
  • MF: C16H16ClNO3S
  • MW: 337.821
  • Catalog: P2Y Receptor
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 488.1±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 249.0±28.7 °C

Tetrahydroalstonine

Tetrahydroalstonine, a indole alkaloid isolated from the fruits of Rhazya stricta, is a selective alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 6474-90-4
  • MF: C21H24N2O3
  • MW: 352.427
  • Catalog: Adrenergic Receptor
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 524.0±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 227ºC
  • Flash Point: 270.7±30.1 °C

TIK-301

TIK-301 (PD-6735) is a chlorinated melatonin derivative and a potent, high-affinity and orally active melatonin MT1 and MT2 receptors agonist with Kis of 0.081 nM and 0.042 nM, respectively. TIK-301 is also a 5-HT2B/5-HT2C receptors antagonist with antidepressant action. TIK-301 has the potential for sleep disorders and other circadian rhythm disorders treatment[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 118702-11-7
  • MF: C14H17ClN2O2
  • MW: 280.750
  • Catalog: 5-HT Receptor
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 525.9±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 271.9±30.1 °C

TGR5

TGR5 Receptor Agonist, a potent TGR5(GPCR19) agonist, showed improved potency in the U2-OS cell assay (pEC50 = 6.8) and in melanophore cells (pEC50 = 7.5).IC50 value: 6.8 (pEC50, U2-OS cell assay); 7.5(pEC50, melanophore cell) [1]Target: TGR5TGR5 Receptor Agonist was profiled against more than 100 in-house and external 7TM, ion channel, enzyme, transporter, and nuclear hormone receptor selectivity assays, including FXR, another bile acid receptor, and showed significant response only in secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFalpha (pIC50 = 6.8) in human primary monocytes following stimulation with LPS (lipopolysaccharide). In addition, TGR5 Receptor Agonist has good physicochemical properties and no measurable activity against three of the common cytochrome P450 (CYP450) isoforms (1A2, 2C9, and 2D6) or hERG dofetilide binding (pIC50 <4.3). In rat pharmacokinetic (PK) studies, however, TGR5 Receptor Agonist showed high in vivo clearance (Cl = 85 mL/min/kg) and intrinsic clearance (Clint = 48 mL/min/g) which provided a reasonable explanation for the observed poor exposure. Because the TGR5 receptor is expressed in the GI tract at levels that increase corresponding with L-cell population density, we believe that agonists such as 6 and 7 possessing poor systemic exposure are good tool compounds for directly targeting the TGR5 receptor in the GI tract via local administration (vide infra) rather than systemic exposure. Our hypothesis was that for this receptor, systemic exposure was not necessary to achieve the desired effect of stimulating GLP-1 secretion in vivo [1].

  • CAS Number: 1197300-24-5
  • MF: C18H14Cl2N2O2
  • MW: 361.222
  • Catalog: GPCR19
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 541.8±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 281.5±30.1 °C

Icatibant acetate

Icatibant acetate (HOE-140 acetate) is a potent and specific peptide antagonist of bradykinin B2 receptor with IC50 and Ki of 1.07 nM and 0.798 nM respectively[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 138614-30-9
  • MF: C61H93N19O15S
  • MW: 1364.57000
  • Catalog: Bradykinin Receptor
  • Density: 1.6g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

NCX 470

NCX 470 is a second-generation nitric oxide (NO)-donating prostaglandin analogue. NCX 470 effectively lowers intraocular pressure (IOP) in animal models of ocular hypertension and glaucoma by activating bimatoprost-mediated uveoscleral outflow and NO mediated conventional outflow. NCX 470 can be used for the research of cular hypertension and glaucoma[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1194396-71-8
  • MF: C31H46N2O8
  • MW: 574.71
  • Catalog: Prostaglandin Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

olodaterol hydrochloride

Olodaterol (BI1744) hydrochloride is a selective, long acting β2-adrenoceptor (β2-AR) agonist (EC50=0.1 nM and pKi= 9.14 for human β2-adrenoceptor, respectively). Olodaterol can be used for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pulmonary fibrosis[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 869477-96-3
  • MF: C21H27ClN2O5
  • MW: 422.90200
  • Catalog: Adrenergic Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

U-69593

U-69593 is a potent and selective κ1-opioid receptor agonist[1]. U-69593 attenuates cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization in the rat[2]. U-69593 reduces anxiety and enhances spontaneous alternation memory in mice[3]. U-69593 reduces calcium-dependent dialysate levels of dopamine and glutamate in the ventral striatum[4].

  • CAS Number: 96744-75-1
  • MF: C22H32N2O2
  • MW: 356.50
  • Catalog: Opioid Receptor
  • Density: 1.14g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 518.719ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 267.512ºC

Mezilamine

Mezilamine is a potent antidopaminergic agent. Mezilamine induces a concentration dependent increase in the electrically stimulated overflow of 3H-noradrenaline from rat cortical slices, without affecting the basal overflow. Mezilamine acts as a presynaptic α-adrenoceptor antagonist and a postsynaptic α-adrenoceptor agonist[1].

  • CAS Number: 50335-55-2
  • MF: C11H18ClN5S
  • MW: 287.81200
  • Catalog: Adrenergic Receptor
  • Density: 1.32g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 440.2ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 220ºC

AL 082D06

AL 082D06 is a selective, nonsteroidal glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist with Ki of 210 nM.

  • CAS Number: 256925-03-8
  • MF: C23H24ClN3O2
  • MW: 409.90900
  • Catalog: Glucocorticoid Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

BD 1008 dihydrobromide

BD-1008 dihydrobromide is an antagonist of sigma Receptor. BD-1008 dihydrobromide attenuates the toxicity and stimulants effects of cocaine in mice[1].

  • CAS Number: 138356-09-9
  • MF: C15H24Br2Cl2N2
  • MW: 463.08
  • Catalog: Sigma Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 454.8ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 228.8ºC