Pantoprazole sodium salt(SKF96022; Protonix) is a proton pump inhibitor drug used for short-term treatment of erosion and ulceration of the esophagus caused by gastroesophageal reflux disease.IC50 value:Target: proton pump inhibitor
Syringin is a main bioactive phenolic glycoside in Acanthopanax senticosus, with anti-osteoporosis activity. Syringin prevents cardiac hypertrophy induced by pressure overload through the attenuation of autophagy[1][2].
Cabergoline is an ergot derived-dopamine D2-like receptor agonist that has high affinity for D2, D3, and 5-HT2B receptors (Ki=0.7, 1.5, and 1.2, respectively).
Coenzyme Q0 (CoQ0) is a potent, oral active ubiquinone compound can be derived from Antrodia cinnamomea. Coenzyme Q0 induces apoptosis and autophagy, suppresses of HER-2/AKT/mTOR signaling to potentiate the apoptosis and autophagy mechanisms. Coenzyme Q0 regulates NFκB/AP-1 activation and enhances Nrf2 stabilization in attenuation of inflammation and redox imbalance. Coenzyme Q0 has anti-angiogenic activity through downregulation of MMP-9/NF-κB and upregulation of HO-1 signaling[1][2][3].
Sunitinib (SU 11248) is a multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor with IC50s of 80 nM and 2 nM for VEGFR2 and PDGFRβ, respectively.
Ruxolitinib S enantiomer is the S-enantiomer of Ruxolitinib. Ruxolitinib is the first potent, selective JAK1/2 inhibitor to enter the clinic with IC50 of 3.3 nM/2.8 nM in cell-free assays.
Lamotrigine-13C3 is the 13C-labeled Lamotrigine. Lamotrigine (BW430C) is a potent and orally active anticonvulsant or antiepileptic agent. Lamotrigine selectively blocks voltage-gated Na+ channels, stabilizing presynaptic neuronal membranes and inhibiting glutamate release. Lamotrigine can be used for the research of epilepsy, focal seizure, et al[1][2].
Spironolactone is a potent antagonist of the androgen receptor. Target: Androgen ReceptorSpironolactone is a potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. 5% topical spironolactone cream acts as an antiandrogen in human sebaceous glands, competing with DHT receptors and producing a decrease of labelled DHT. At the concentrations used the effect has been only local. No side-effects were recorded during both studies [1]. Patients who received spironolactone had a significant improvement in the symptoms of heart failure, as assessed on the basis of the New York Heart Association functional class (P<0.001). Gynecomastia or breast pain was reported in 10 percent of men who were treated with spironolactone, as compared with 1 percent of men in the placebo group (P<0.001). The incidence of serious hyperkalemia was minimal in both groups of patients [2].
Cytochalasin E, an epoxide containing Aspergillus-derived fungal metabolite, inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth. Cytochalasin E is a potent actin depolymerization agent, and it binds and caps the barbed end of actin filaments to prevent actin elongation[1][2].
Torkinib (PP 242) is a selective and ATP-competitive mTOR inhibitor with an IC50 of 8 nM. PP242 inhibits both mTORC1 and mTORC2 with IC50s of 30 nM and 58 nM, respectively.
A-317491 is a non-nucleotide P2X3 and P2X2/3 receptor antagonist, which inhibits calcium flux mediated by the receptors. IC50 value: Target: P2X2/3It is known that P2X3 and P2X2/3 receptors stimulate the pronociceptive effects of ATP upon activation. Studies indicate that the P2X3 receptor is implicated in both neuropathic and inflammatory pain. P2X3 receptor is a promising target for therapeutic intervention in cancer patients for pain management.
Iohexol-d5 is deuterium labeled Iohexol. Iohexol is a radiographic contrast agent and can be applied for myelography, computerized tomography (cisternography, ventriculography) and MicroCT imaging in vivo[1].
Autocamtide-2-related inhibitory peptide, myristoylated is the myristoylated Autocamtide-2-related inhibitory peptide. Autocamtide-2-related inhibitory peptide is a highly specific and potent inhibitor of CaMKII with an IC50 of 40 nM[1].
Tacrolimus monohydrate binds to FK506 binding protein (FKBP). This complex inhibits calcineurin phosphatase (PP2B). Tacrolimus monohydrate is a mTOR-independent autophagy inducer.
Sodium Salicylate inhibits cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity independently of transcription factor (NF-κB) activation.
Fangchinoline is isolated from Stephania tetrandra with extensive biological activities, such as enhancing immunity, anti-inflammatory sterilization and anti-atherosclerosis. Fangchinoline, a novel HIV-1 inhibitor, inhibits HIV-1 replication by impairing gp160 proteolytic processing[1]. Fangchinoline targets Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and suppresses FAK-mediated signaling pathway in tumor cells which highly expressed FAK[2]. Fangchinoline induces apoptosis and adaptive autophagy in bladder cancer[3].
Crenolanib is a potent and selective inhibitor of wild-type and mutant isoforms of the class III receptor tyrosine kinases FLT3 and PDGFRα/β with Kds of 2.1 nM/3.2 nM, 0.74 nM, respectively.
Perphenazine dihydrochloride is an orally active dopamine receptor and histamine-1 receptor antagonist, with Ki values of 0.56 nM (D2), 0.43 nM (D3), .6 nM (5-HT2A), respectively. Perphenazine dihydrochloride also binds to Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor. Perphenazine dihydrochloride inhibits cancer cell proliferation, and induces apoptosis. Perphenazine dihydrochloride can be used in the research of mental disease, cancer, inflammation[1][3][5].
YM-155 is a survivin inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.54 nM.
Maprotiline HCl is a selective noradrenalin re-uptake inhibitor and a tetracyclic antidepressant.Target: OthersMaprotiline (sold as Deprilept, Ludiomil, Psymion) is a tetracyclic antidepressant (TeCA). However, Maprotiline's fourth ring is spurious, as formed by a bridge across the central tricyclic ring. It is a strong norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor with only weak effects on serotonin and dopamine reuptake. It exerts strong blocking effect at H1 receptors, moderate at 5-HT2 and alpha1 and weak blocking effect at D2 and mACh postsynaptic receptors [1, 2].
Triclosan D3 is the deuterium labeled Triclosan. Triclosan is an antibacterial and antifungal agent found in consumer products, including soaps, detergents, toys, and surgical cleaning treatments[1][2].
Kaempferol inhibits estrogen receptor α expression in breast cancer cells and induces apoptosis in glioblastoma cells and lung cancer cells by activation of MEK-MAPK.
D4476 is a potent, selective and cell-permeable inhibitor of casein kinase 1(CK1) with an IC50 value of 0.3 μM in vitro.
Sedanolide, a natural compound occurring in edible umbelliferous plants, possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities[1][2].
Afatinib (BIBW 2992) is an irreversible EGFR family inhibitor with IC50s of 0.5 nM, 0.4 nM, 10 nM and 14 nM for EGFRwt, EGFRL858R, EGFRL858R/T790M and HER2, respectively.
A novel lysosomotropic REV-ERB ligand that has a dual inhibitory activity toward REV-ERB-mediated transcriptional regulation and autophagy; relieves REV-ERB-mediated transcriptional repression, significantly increases autophagy-associated protein p62 in treated cells; disrupts lysosomal function, blocks the autophagy process at the late stage, and reduces cancer cell viability; a novel dual autophagy/REV-ERB inhibitor more cytotoxic than chloroquine.
Schisandrin has various therapeutic effects on a range of medical conditions such as anti-asthmatic, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory effects.IC50 value:Target:in vitro: Sch inhibited the pro-fibrotic activity of TGF-β1 in AML12 cells; thus, it suppressed the accumulation of ECM proteins. Also, Sch inhibited the EMT as assessed by reduced expression of vimentin and fibronectin, and increased E-cadherin and ZO-1 in TGF-β1 induced AML12 cells. Sch reduced TGF-β1-mediated phosphorylation of Smad2/3 and Smad3/4 DNA binding activity. On the other hand, Sch reduced TGF-β1-induced ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt phosphorylation in the non-Smad pathway [1]. the anti-inflammatory properties of schisandrin result from the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production, prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) release, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, which in turn results from the inhibition of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activities in a RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line [2].
Irinotecan-d10 ((+)-Irinotecan-d10) is a deuterium labeled Irinotecan ((+)-Irinotecan). Irinotecan ((+)-Irinotecan) is a topoisomerase I inhibitor, preventing religation of the DNA strand by binding to topoisomerase I-DNA complex[1].
Arctigenin is a lignan found in certain plants of the Asteraceae; it has shown antiviral and anticancer effects in glass; it is the aglycone of arctiin.IC50 value: Target: anticancer agentArctiin and its aglucone, arctigenin from the fruits of Arctium lappa L. showed potent in vitro antiviral activities against influenza A virus (A/NWS/33, H1N1) (IFV). Based on the data from time-of-addition experiments and on release tests of progeny viruses, arctigenin was assumed to interfere with early event(s) of viral replication after viral penetration into cells, and to suppress the release of progeny viruses from the host cells [1]. arctigenin treatment reduced viability of bladder cancer T24 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner after treatment with arctigenin (10, 20, 40, 80, and 100 μmol/L) for 24 hr and 48 hr. Arctigenin treatment clearly arrested tumor cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. At the molecular level, arctigenin treatment decreased cyclin D1 expression, whereas CDK4 and CDK6 expression levels were unaffected. Moreover, arctigenin selectively altered the phosphorylation of members of the MAPK superfamily, decreasing phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and activated phosphorylation of p38 significantly in a dose-dependent manner [2]. The use of arctigenin has been shown to be effective in a mouse model of Japanese encephalitis [3].
Troglitazone-d4 is deuterium labeled Troglitazone. Troglitazone is a PPARγ agonist, with EC50s of 550 nM and 780 nM for human and murine PPARγ receptor, respectively.