LRRK2-IN-3 (compoubd 24) is a potent, selective, orally active and brain-penetrant inhibitor LRRK2, with IC50 of 2.6 nM in human PBMCs. LRRK2-IN-3 can be used for the research of Parkinson's disease[1].
Dasatinib (BMS-354825) is a dual Bcr-Abl and Src family tyrosine kinase inhibitor with IC50s of 0.6, 0.8, 79 and 37 nM for Abl, Src, c-Kit and c-KitD816V, respectively.
Glucosamine-13C hydrochloride is the 13C labeled Glucosamine hydrochloride. Glucosamine hydrochloride (D-Glucosamine hydrochloride) is an amino sugar and a prominent precursor in the biochemical synthesis of glycosylated proteins and lipids, is used as a
Bisdemethoxycurcumin(Curcumin III; Didemethoxycurcumin) is a natural derivative of curcumin with anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities.IC50 value:Target: Anticancer natural compoundin vitro: BDMC-induced apoptosis was mediated by a combinatory inhibition of cytoprotective proteins, such as Bcl2 and heme oxygenase-1 and increased generation of reactive oxygen species. Intriguingly, BDMC-induced apoptosis was reversed with co-treatment of sr144528, a cannabinoid receptor (CBR) 2 antagonist, which was confirmed with genetic downregulation of the receptor using siCBR2 [1]. Induction of cell cycle arrest in HepG2 cells by NB and BDCur in combination was evidenced by accumulation of the G2/M cell population. Further investigation on the molecular mechanism showed that NB and BDCur in combination resulted in a significant decrease in the expression level of Cdc2 and cyclin B [2]. BDMC treatment activated Sirt1/AMPK signaling pathway. Moreover, downregulating Sirt1 by the pharmacological inhibitor nicotianamine or small interfering RNA blocked BDMC-mediated protection against t-BHP-mediated decrease in proliferation [4].in vivo: human gastric adenocarcinoma xenograft model was generated in vivo using nude mice and BDMC was observed to suppress the growth and activity of tumors, in addition to improving the physical and mental capacity of the mice [3].
Rapamycin-d3 (Sirolimus-d3) is the deuterium labeled Rapamycin. Rapamycin is a potent and specific mTOR inhibitor with an IC50of 0.1 nM in HEK293 cells. Rapamycin binds to FKBP12 and specifically acts as an allosteric inhibitor of mTORC1[1]. Rapamycin is an autophagy activator, an immunosuppressant[2].
Penfluridol is a highly potent, first generation diphenylbutylpiperidine antipsychotic.
Lithocholic acid is a toxic secondary bile acid, causes intrahepatic cholestasis, has tumor-promoting activity.Target: OthersLithocholic acid has been used in a study to assess cholestasis and its action on several organs and tissues in rats. It has also been used in a study to investigate the regulation of hepatic phospholipid and bile acid homeostasis through SMAD3 activation by TGFβ. It has been implicated in human and experimental animal carcinogenesis. Preliminary in vitro research suggests that LCA selectively kills neuroblastoma cells, while sparing normal neuronal cells and is cytotoxic to numerous other malignant cell types at physiologically relevant concentrations.
Daunorubicin (Daunomycin) citrate is a topoisomerase II inhibitor with potent anti-tumor activity. Daunorubicin citrate inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis. Daunorubicin citrate is a cytotoxin that inhibits cancer cell viability and induces apoptosis and necrosis. Daunorubicin citrate is also an anthracycline antibiotic. Daunorubicin citrate can be used in the research of infection and variety of cancers, including leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphomas, Ewing's sarcoma, Wilms' tumor[1][2][4][5].
Paroxetine hydrochloride is a potent selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor, commonly prescribed as an antidepressant and has GRK2 inhibitory ability with IC50 of 14 μM.
Falcarindiol, an orally active polyacetylenic oxylipin, activates PPARγ and increases the expression of the cholesterol transporter ABCA1 in cells. Falcarindiol induces apoptosis and autophagy. Falcarindiol has anti-inflammatory, antifungal, anticancer and antidiabetic properties[1][2].
Norepinephrine bitartrate monohydrate is a β1-selective adrenergic receptor agonist with EC50 of 5.37 μM.
Vandetanib trifluoroacetate is a potent inhibitor of VEGFR2 with IC50 of 40 nM.
Isoniazid is an antibacterial agent used primarily as a tuberculostatic.Target: AntibacterialIsoniazid is a prodrug and must be activated by a bacterial catalase-peroxidase enzyme that in M. tuberculosis is called KatG [1]. KatG couples the isonicotinic acyl with NADH to form isonicotinic acyl-NADH complex. This complex binds tightly to the enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase known as InhA, thereby blocking the natural enoyl-AcpM substrate and the action of fatty acid synthase. This process inhibits the synthesis of mycolic acid, required for the mycobacterial cell wall. A range of radicals are produced by KatG activation of isoniazid, including nitric oxide, which has also been shown to be important in the action of another antimycobacterial prodrug PA-824 [2, 3]. Isoniazid is bactericidal to rapidly dividing mycobacteria, but is bacteriostatic if the mycobacteria are slow-growing [4].
Tigecycline-d9 is deuterium labeled Tigecycline. Tigecycline (GAR-936) is a broad-spectrum glycylcycline antibiotic. The mean inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Tigecycline for E. coli (MG1655 strain) is approximately 125 ng/mL[1]. MIC50 and MIC90 are 1 and 2 mg/L for Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii), respectively[2].
MC4033 shows IC50s of 39.4 μM, 52.1 μM, 41 μM and 30.1 μM in HCT116, H1299, A549 and U937, respectively[1]. MC4033 (25, 50, 100, and 200 μM, 72 h) reduces the level of H4K16Ac in HT29 cells, suggesting its ability to inhibit KAT8 in cells[1].
Gefitinib-d3 (ZD1839-d3) is the deuterium labeled Gefitinib. Gefitinib (ZD1839) is a potent, selective and orally active EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor with an IC50 of 33 nM. Gefitinib selectively inhibits EGF-stimulated tumor cell growth (IC50 of 54 nM) and that blocks EGF-stimulated EGFR autophosphorylation in tumor cells. Gefitinib also induces autophagy. Gefitinib has antitumour activity[1][2].
(E/Z)-Afatinib ((E/Z)-BIBW 2992) is the mixture of (E)-Afatinib and (Z)-Afatinib. Afatinib (HY-10261) is an irreversible inhibitor of EGFR, by irreversibly binding to their ATP binding site to block activation of EGFR, HER2, HER4, and EGFRvIII. Afatinib used in co-administration with Temozolomide (HY-17364), potently targeting to EGFRvIII-cMet signaling in glioblastoma cells[1].
Topotecan Hydrochloride (SKF 104864A; NSC 609669) is a Topoisomerase I inhibitor with potent antineoplastic activities.
Ruxolitinib is a potent and selective JAK1/2 inhibitor with IC50s of 3.3 nM and 2.8 nM in cell-free assays, and has 130-fold selectivity for JAK1/2 over JAK3.
Chloroquine dihydrochloride is an antimalarial and anti-inflammatory agent widely used to treat malaria and rheumatoid arthritis. Chloroquine dihydrochloride is an autophagy and toll-like receptors (TLRs) inhibitor. Chloroquine dihydrochloride is highly effective in the control of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection in vitro (EC50=1.13 μM)[1][2][3][4].
Hydroxyurea is a cell apoptosis inducer that inhibitDNA synthesis through inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase.
Tubastatin A (Hydrochloride) is a potent and selective HDAC6 inhibitor with IC50 of 15 nM in a cell-free assay, and is selective (1000-fold more) against all other isozymes except HDAC8 (57-fold more).
CA-5f is a potent late-stage macroautophagy/autophagy inhibitor via inhibiting autophagosome-lysosome fusion. CA-5f increases LC3B-II (a marker to monitor autophagy) and SQSTM1 protein both in A549 cells and HUVECs. Anti-tumor activity[1].
Bromocriptine mesylate is a potent dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonist, which binds D2 dopamine receptor with pKi of 8.05±0.2.
HDAC-IN-36 (compound 23 g) is an orally active and potent HDAC (histone deacetylase) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 11.68 nM (HDAC6). HDAC-IN-36 promotes apoptosis, autophagy and suppresses migration. HDAC-IN-36 shows anti-tumor and anti-metastatic activity, and can be used for breast cancer research[1].
Nordihydroguaiaretic acid is a 5-lipoxygenase (5LOX) (IC50=8±3 μM) and tyrosine kinase inhibitor.
Aloperine is an alkaloid in sophora plants such as Sophora alopecuroides L, which has shown anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and anti-virus properties[1]. Aloperine is widely used to treat patients with allergic contact dermatitis eczema and other skin inflammation in China[2]. Aloperine induces apoptosis and autophagy in HL-60 cells[1].
Hesperadin is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of aurora B kinase with an IC50 of 250 nM.
Trimetazidine is a selective long chain 3-ketoyl coenzyme A thiolase inhibitor with an IC50 of 75 nM, which can inhibit β-oxidation of free fatty acid (FFA). Trimetazidine is an effective antianginal agent and a cytoprotective drug, has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and gastroprotective properties. Trimetazidine triggers autophagy. Trimetazidine is also a 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HADHA) inhibitor[1][2][3][4].
Kaempferide is an O-methylated flavonol, a type of chemical compound. It can be found in Kaempferia galanga (aromatic ginger). The enzyme kaempferol 4'-O-methyltransferase uses S-adenosyl-L-methionine and kaempferol to produce S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine and kaempferide. P-glycoproteins.