Cell apoptosis, sometimes called programmed cell death, is a cellular self-destruction method to remove old and damaged cells during development and aging to protect cells from external disturbances and maintain homeostasis. Apoptosis also occurs as a defense mechanism such as in immune reactions or when cells are damaged by disease or noxious agents.

Apoptosis is controlled by many genes and involves two fundamental pathways: the extrinsic pathway, which transmits death signals by the death receptor (DR), and the intrinsic or mitochondrial pathway. The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is activated by the binding of the death ligand to DRs, including FasL, TNF-α, and TRAIL, on the plasma membrane. The DR, adaptor protein (FADD), and associated apoptosis signaling molecule (caspase-8) form the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC), thus leading to the activation of the effector caspase cascade (caspase-3, -6, and -7). The mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptosis pathway is regulated by Bcl-2 family proteins, including proapoptotic (Bid, Bax, Bak) and antiapoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL).

Abnormalities in cell apoptosis can be a significant component of diseases such as cancer, autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, AIDS, ischemia, and neurode-generative diseases. These diseases may benefit from artificially inhibiting or activating apoptosis. A short list of potential methods of anti-apoptotic therapy includes stimulation of the IAP (inhibitors of apoptosis proteins) family of proteins, caspase inhibition, PARP (poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase) inhibition, stimulation of the PKB/Akt (protein kinase B) pathway, and inhibition of Bcl-2 proteins.

Ferroptosis and necroptosis are recently recognized forms of regulated cell death that differs considerably from apoptosis. Misregulated ferroptosis or necroptosis have also been implicated in multiple physiological and pathological processes, including cancer cell death, neurotoxicity, neurodegenerative diseases, etc.

References:
[1] Susan Elmore. Toxicol Pathol. 2007; 35(4): 495–516.
[2] Cao L, et al. J Cell Death. 2016 Dec 29;9:19-29.
[3] Dasgupta A, et al. Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Jan; 18(1): 23.
[4] Xie Y, et al. Cell Death Differ. 2016 Mar;23(3):369-79.


Anti-infection >
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15-PGDH 5 alpha Reductase 5-Lipoxygenase Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Acyltransferase Adenosine Deaminase Adenosine Kinase Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) Aldose Reductase Aminopeptidase Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE) ATGL ATP Citrate Lyase Carbonic Anhydrase Carboxypeptidase Cathepsin CETP COMT Cytochrome P450 Dipeptidyl Peptidase Dopamine β-hydroxylase E1/E2/E3 Enzyme Elastase Enolase FAAH FABP Factor Xa Farnesyl Transferase Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) FXR Glucokinase GSNOR Gutathione S-transferase HCV Protease Hexokinase HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase HIV Integrase HIV Protease HMG-CoA Reductase (HMGCR) HSP Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) Lactate Dehydrogenase LXR MAGL Mineralocorticoid Receptor Mitochondrial Metabolism MMP Nampt NEDD8-activating Enzyme Neprilysin PAI-1 PDHK PGC-1α Phosphatase Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Phospholipase Procollagen C Proteinase Proteasome Pyruvate Kinase RAR/RXR Renin ROR Ser/Thr Protease SGK Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD) Thrombin Tryptophan Hydroxylase Tyrosinase Xanthine Oxidase
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Bcl-2-IN-4

Bcl-2-IN-4 is a potent, orally active and selective Bcl-2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.5 nM. Bcl-2-IN-4 displays >200-fold selectivity over Bcl-xL (IC50 of 411 nM). Bcl-2-IN-4 inhibits RS4; 11 cell proliferation with an IC50 of 2.7 nM (WO2021180040A1; compound 2)[1].

  • CAS Number: 2703134-40-9
  • MF: C46H50ClN9O7S
  • MW: 908.46
  • Catalog: Bcl-2 Family
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

metronidazole hydrochloride

Metronidazole hydrochloride (SC 326421) is an orally active nitroimidazole antibiotic, can be used to research anaerobic infections. Metronidazole hydrochloride can cross blood brain barrier and results inflammation and skeletal muscle contraction under long-term application[1][2][3][4].

  • CAS Number: 69198-10-3
  • MF: C6H10ClN3O3
  • MW: 207.61500
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 405.4ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 158-160ºC
  • Flash Point: 199ºC

Anticancer agent 42

Anticancer agent 42 (compound 10d) is an orally active anticancer agent, and shows a potent antitumor activity against MDA-MB-231 cell with an IC50 of 0.07 μM. Anticancer agent 42 can exert its anticancer activity by activating apoptotic pathway and p53 expression. Anticancer agent 42 can be used to study metastatic breast cancer[1].

  • CAS Number: 2687265-18-3
  • MF: C19H16Cl2N2O3
  • MW: 391.25
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Ac-Val-Arg-Pro-Arg-AMC trifluoroacetate salt

Ac-VRPR-AMC is a fluorogenic metacaspase substrate. Ac-VRPR-AMC can be used to tests metacaspase activity[1].

  • CAS Number: 919515-51-8
  • MF: C34H51N11O7
  • MW: 725.84
  • Catalog: Caspase
  • Density: 1.43±0.1 g/cm3 (20 °C, 760 mmHg)
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Apoptosis inducer 3

Apoptosis inducer 3 (Compound 3) is an apoptosis inducer that selectively triggers apoptosis and late-apoptosis. Apoptosis inducer 3 shows cytotoxicity against cancer cells[1].

  • CAS Number: 2420443-14-5
  • MF: C49H55ClN2O7
  • MW: 819.42
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

VTP50469

VTP50469 is a potent, highly selective and orally active Menin-MLL interaction inhibitor with a Ki of 104 pM. VTP50469 has potently anti-leukemia activity[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 2169916-18-9
  • MF: C32H47FN6O4S
  • MW: 630.82
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

20(S)-Ginsenoside Rh2

Ginsenoside Rh2 is isolated from the root of Ginseng. Ginsenoside Rh2 induces the activation of caspase-8 and caspase-9. Ginsenoside Rh2 induces cancer cell apoptosis in a multi-path manner.

  • CAS Number: 78214-33-2
  • MF: C36H62O8
  • MW: 622.873
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 726.4±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 393.1±32.9 °C

OBAA

(2E)-OBAA is a potent phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 70 nM. (2E)-OBAA induces apoptosis of HUVEC cells. (2E)-OBAA blocks Melittin-induced Ca2+ influx in Trypanosoma brucei, with an IC50 of 0.4 μM[1][2][3][4].

  • CAS Number: 221632-26-4
  • MF: C28H44O3
  • MW: 428.647
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.0±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 558.6±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 305.7±26.6 °C

Antitumor agent-64

Antitumor agent-64 (Compound 8d) is a diosgenin derivative. Antitumor agent-64 exhibits potent cytotoxic activity against A549 cell line. Antitumor agent-64 induces A549 cells apoptosis via the mitochondria-related pathway[1].

  • CAS Number: 2396562-55-1
  • MF: C35H47N3O3S
  • MW: 589.83
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

1,6,7-Trihydroxy-9H-xanthen-9-one

1,6,7-Trihydroxyxanthone is a potent anticancer agent. 1,6,7-Trihydroxyxanthone inhibits cell proliferation and induces cell Apoptosis. 1,6,7-Trihydroxyxanthone decreases Bmi-1 expressio and increases the protein levels expression of P14, P16[1].

  • CAS Number: 25577-04-2
  • MF: C13H8O5
  • MW: 244.20
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.6±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 509.2±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 204.8±23.6 °C

DCH36_06

DCH36_06 is a potent and selective p300/CBP inhibitor with IC50s of 0.6 μM and 3.2 μM for p300 and CBP, respectively. DCH36_06 mediated p300/CBP inhibition leading to hypoacetylation on H3K18 in leukemic cells. Anti-tumor activity[1].

  • CAS Number: 593273-05-3
  • MF: C18H13ClN2O3S
  • MW: 372.83
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

NBI-961

NBI-961 is a potent NEK2 inhibitor that inhibits proteasomal degradation. NBI-961 induces G2/mitosis arrest and apoptosis in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cells[1].

  • CAS Number: 2225902-98-5
  • MF: C28H27F3N6O2S
  • MW: 568.61
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Apocynin-d3

Apocynin-d3 is the deuterium labeled Apocynin[1]. Apocynin is a selective NADPH-oxidase inhibitor with an IC50 of 10 μM[2][3][4].

  • CAS Number: 80404-23-5
  • MF: C9H10O3
  • MW: 166.17400
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

KEA1-97

KEA1-97 (KEA 1-97) is a small molecule that disrupts the interaction of thioredoxin with caspase 3; activates caspases, and induces apoptosis without affecting thioredoxin activity, impairs triple-negative breast cancer cell survival; impairs in vivo breast tumor xenograft growth.

  • CAS Number: 2138882-71-8
  • MF: C15H9Cl2FN4
  • MW: 335.163
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Apoptosis inducer 6

Apoptosis inducer 6 (compound 4e) is an anticancer agent with a broad-spectrum anticancer activity. Apoptosis inducer 6 triggers cell death through the induction of apoptosis[1].

  • CAS Number: 2529913-90-2
  • MF: C27H26N4O3S
  • MW: 486.59
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

(11aS)-7-Methoxy-8-hydroxy-2,3,5,11aβ-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine-5-one

Antibiotic DC 81 (DC 81), an antitumor antibiotic produced by Streptomyces species, is a PBD (pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine). Antibiotic DC 81 is potent inhibitor of nucleic acid synthesis. Antibiotic DC 81 can recognize and bind to specific sequences of DNA and form a labile covalent adduct[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 81307-24-6
  • MF: C13H14N2O3
  • MW: 246.26200
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.43g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 520.5ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 268.6ºC

S-Tritylcysteine

S-Trityl-L-cysteine (NSC 83265) is a selective and allosteric kinesin Eg5 inhibitor with an IC50 of 1 μM for the inhibition of basal ATPase activity and 140 nM for the microtubule-activated ATPase activity. S-Trityl-L-cysteine has antitumor activities[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 2799-07-7
  • MF: C22H21NO2S
  • MW: 363.47
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 524.7±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 182-183 °C (dec.)(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 271.2±30.1 °C

Mcl1-IN-11

Mcl1-IN-11 (Compound G) is a selective Mcl-1 inhibitor, less potent at Bcl-2, with Kis of 0.06 and 4.2 μM, respectively[1].

  • CAS Number: 2042211-13-0
  • MF: C38H41N3O5S2
  • MW: 683.88
  • Catalog: Bcl-2 Family
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Rhaponiticin

Rhapontin (Rhaponiticin), a component of rhubarb (Rheum officinale Baillon), induces apoptosis resulting in suppression of proliferation of human stomach cancer KATO III cells[1].

  • CAS Number: 155-58-8
  • MF: C21H24O9
  • MW: 420.410
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 749.3±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 236-240ºC
  • Flash Point: 406.9±32.9 °C

LFS-1107

LFS-1107 is a reversible CRM1 inhibitor (Kd: 12.5 pM). LFS-1107 can selectively eliminate extranodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma (ENKTL) cells and can be used for cancer research[1].

  • CAS Number: 1799330-91-8
  • MF: C12H11N5OS2
  • MW: 305.38
  • Catalog: c-Myc
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Zalypsis

Zalypsis (PM00104) has anti-tumor activity. Zalypsis binds to DNA and shows cytotoxicity. Zalypsis inhibits cell cycle and transcription, and leads to double stranded DNA breaks[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 308359-57-1
  • MF: C37H38F3N3O8
  • MW: 709.71
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

b-Zearalanol

Beta-zearalenol is an mycotoxin produced by Fusarium spp, which causes apoptosis and oxidative stress in mammalian reproductive cells[1]. Beta-zearalenol is the derivative of zearalenone (ZEA) which can conjugate with glucuronic acid[2].

  • CAS Number: 42422-68-4
  • MF: C18H26O5
  • MW: 322.396
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 576.0±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 134-137ºC
  • Flash Point: 207.9±23.6 °C

Macitentan D4

Macitentan D4 (ACT-064992 D4) is a deuterium labeled Sulfamethoxazole. Macitentan is an orally active, non-peptide dual ETA and ETB (endothelin) receptor antagonist. Macitentan is used for the potential treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)[1].

  • CAS Number: 1258428-05-5
  • MF: C19H16D4Br2N6O4S
  • MW: 592.29800
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.7±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 692.4±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 372.5±34.3 °C

Anti-osteoporosis agent-1

Anti-osteoporosis agent-1 (comp 4aa) is a potent replication protein A (RPA) inhibitor (IC50=18 µM) [1].

  • CAS Number: 2761577-50-6
  • MF: C20H19ClN2O2
  • MW: 354.83
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

SM-1295

SM-1295 is a potent, selective cIAP1 and cIAP2 inhibitor with Ki of <10 nM, displays >900-fold for cIAP1 over XIAP; potently inhibits cell growth in the MDA-MB-231 and SK-OV-3 cancer cell lines and induces apoptosis at low nanomolar concentrations; efficiently induces degradation of cIAP1 protein in cancer cells, as well as cleavage of PARP, caspase-8, and caspase-3; induces cell death in a TNFα-dependent manner in both MDA-MB-231 and SK-OV-3 cancer cell lines.

  • CAS Number: 1562375-46-5
  • MF: C29H36BrN5O4
  • MW: 598.542
  • Catalog: IAP
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Bcl-2-IN-13

Bcl-2-IN-13 is a Bcl-2 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 17 nM. Bcl-2-IN-13 can be used in cancer research[1].

  • CAS Number: 1421687-31-1
  • MF: C42H44ClN7O6S3
  • MW: 874.49
  • Catalog: Bcl-2 Family
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

A-1331852

A-1331852 is an orally available BCL-XL selective inhibitor with a Ki of less than 10 pM.

  • CAS Number: 1430844-80-6
  • MF: C38H38N6O3S
  • MW: 658.812
  • Catalog: Bcl-2 Family
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Ciprofloxacin Lactate Soluble

Ciprofloxacin (Bay-09867) lactate is a potent, orally active topoisomerase IV inhibitor. Ciprofloxacin lactate induces mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA damage and lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, ROS production. Ciprofloxacin lactate has anti-proliferative activity and induces apoptosis. Ciprofloxacin lactate is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, exhibiting potent antibacterial activity[1][2][3][4].

  • CAS Number: 97867-33-9
  • MF: C20H24FN3O6
  • MW: 403.404
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 656.4±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 255-257ºC
  • Flash Point: 350.8±31.5 °C

HS56

HS56 (Pim-DAPK3 inhibitor HS56) is a potent, dual Pim/DAPK3 inhibitor with Ki of 72 nM (Pim-3) and 315 nM (DAPK3), shows micromolar potency toward Pim-1 and Pim-2 (Ki=1.5 and 17 uM); displays a high degree of selectivity for DAPKs and Pims against a panel of 468 kinases, with only two off-target interactions TYK2 and GAK; also displays no significant inhibition or activation of nicotinic, adrenergic, or muscarinic receptors at 10 uM; HS56 delayed force onset, decreased contractile force, and reduced LC20 phosphorylation in excised rat caudal arterial VSM tissues, lowers blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive mice without affecting heart rate.

  • CAS Number: 922050-57-5
  • MF: C13H8ClN5OS
  • MW: 317.751
  • Catalog: DAPK
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

D-Mannitol-13C

D-Mannitol-13C is the 13C labeled D-Mannitol[1][2][3][4].

  • CAS Number: 132202-29-0
  • MF: C6H14O6
  • MW: 183.16400
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: 167-170ºC(lit.)
  • Flash Point: N/A