Cell apoptosis, sometimes called programmed cell death, is a cellular self-destruction method to remove old and damaged cells during development and aging to protect cells from external disturbances and maintain homeostasis. Apoptosis also occurs as a defense mechanism such as in immune reactions or when cells are damaged by disease or noxious agents.

Apoptosis is controlled by many genes and involves two fundamental pathways: the extrinsic pathway, which transmits death signals by the death receptor (DR), and the intrinsic or mitochondrial pathway. The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is activated by the binding of the death ligand to DRs, including FasL, TNF-α, and TRAIL, on the plasma membrane. The DR, adaptor protein (FADD), and associated apoptosis signaling molecule (caspase-8) form the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC), thus leading to the activation of the effector caspase cascade (caspase-3, -6, and -7). The mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptosis pathway is regulated by Bcl-2 family proteins, including proapoptotic (Bid, Bax, Bak) and antiapoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL).

Abnormalities in cell apoptosis can be a significant component of diseases such as cancer, autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, AIDS, ischemia, and neurode-generative diseases. These diseases may benefit from artificially inhibiting or activating apoptosis. A short list of potential methods of anti-apoptotic therapy includes stimulation of the IAP (inhibitors of apoptosis proteins) family of proteins, caspase inhibition, PARP (poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase) inhibition, stimulation of the PKB/Akt (protein kinase B) pathway, and inhibition of Bcl-2 proteins.

Ferroptosis and necroptosis are recently recognized forms of regulated cell death that differs considerably from apoptosis. Misregulated ferroptosis or necroptosis have also been implicated in multiple physiological and pathological processes, including cancer cell death, neurotoxicity, neurodegenerative diseases, etc.

References:
[1] Susan Elmore. Toxicol Pathol. 2007; 35(4): 495–516.
[2] Cao L, et al. J Cell Death. 2016 Dec 29;9:19-29.
[3] Dasgupta A, et al. Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Jan; 18(1): 23.
[4] Xie Y, et al. Cell Death Differ. 2016 Mar;23(3):369-79.


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Aloperine

Aloperine is an alkaloid in sophora plants such as Sophora alopecuroides L, which has shown anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and anti-virus properties[1]. Aloperine is widely used to treat patients with allergic contact dermatitis eczema and other skin inflammation in China[2]. Aloperine induces apoptosis and autophagy in HL-60 cells[1].

  • CAS Number: 56293-29-9
  • MF: C15H24N2
  • MW: 232.365
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 367.7±37.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 69 - 71ºC
  • Flash Point: 155.8±17.5 °C

D-Cl-amidine

D-Cl-amidine is a potent and highly selective PAD1 inhibitor. D-Cl-amidine is well-torelated with no significant toxicity[1].

  • CAS Number: 1404060-15-6
  • MF: C14H19ClN4O2
  • MW: 310.78
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

FeTPPS

FeTPPS, a 5,10,15,20-tetrakis (4-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrin iron III chloride peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst, possessed evident neuroprotective effects in a experimental model of spinal cord damage[1]. FeTPPS acts as a peroxynitrite scavenger and anti-nitrating agent in vivo. FeTPPS reduces nitric oxide (NO) production and apoptosis process[2].

  • CAS Number: 90384-82-0
  • MF: C44H28ClFeN4O12S4
  • MW: 1024.27
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

5-nitro-furan-2-carboxylic acid-(4-chloro-anilide)

LCS3 inhibits glutathione disulfide reductase (GSR) and thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1) (IC50=3.3 µM and 3.8 µM, respectively) synergistically. LCS3 shows anti-tumor activity, and induces apoptosis. LCS3 can be used in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) research[1].

  • CAS Number: 109844-92-0
  • MF: C11H7ClN2O4
  • MW: 266.63700
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

LY 303511

LY303511 is a structural analogue of LY294002. LY303511 does not inhibit PI3K. LY303511 enhances TRAIL sensitivity of SHEP-1 neuroblastoma cells. LY303511 reversibly blocks K+ currents (IC50=64.6±9.1 μM) in MIN6 insulinoma cells.

  • CAS Number: 154447-38-8
  • MF: C19H18N2O2
  • MW: 306.358
  • Catalog: TNF Receptor
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 496.1±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 253.8±28.7 °C

Butylated hydroxytoluene-d21

Butylated hydroxytoluene-d21 is the deuterium labeled Butylated hydroxytoluene[1]. Butylated hydroxytoluene is an antioxidant widely used in foods and in food-related products[2]. Butylated hydroxytoluene is a Ferroptosis inhibitor[3].

  • CAS Number: 64502-99-4
  • MF: C15H3D21O
  • MW: 241.48000
  • Catalog: Ferroptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 265ºC(lit.)
  • Melting Point: 69-71ºC(lit.)
  • Flash Point: N/A

Caudatin

Caudatin is a steroidal cmpound found in Cynanchum auriculatum, causes cell cycle arrest and induces apoptosis, with anti-cancer and antiangiogenic properties[1].

  • CAS Number: 38395-02-7
  • MF: C28H42O7
  • MW: 490.629
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 617.9±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 197.5±25.0 °C

Dracorhodin perchlorate

Dracorhodin perchlorate (Dracohodin perochlorate) is a natural product extracted from a natural medicine Dragon's blood. Dracorhodin perchlorate (Dracohodin perochlorate) inhibits cell proliferation, induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis [1][2].

  • CAS Number: 125536-25-6
  • MF: C17H15ClO7
  • MW: 366.750
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

7,8,9,9-Tetradehydroisolariciresinol

Vitexin B-1 is an inhibitor of Bcl-2 and the agonist of Caspase. Vitexin B-1 has cytotoxic effect and induces apoptosis in MCF-7, ZR-75-1, MDA-MB-231, and COC1 cells with IC50s of 3.2, 2.1, 1.8 and 0.39 μM, respectively[1].

  • CAS Number: 357645-16-0
  • MF: C20H20O6
  • MW: 356.369
  • Catalog: Bcl-2 Family
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 587.4±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 211.0±23.6 °C

c-Myc inhibitor 7

c-Myc inhibitor 7 is a c-Myc inhibitor and a multiple target protein degrader. c-Myc inhibitor 7 effective degrades c-MYC, CK1α, GSPT1 and IKZF1/2/3 proteins in a variety of tumor cells. c-Myc inhibitor 7 can be used for c-Myc high expression related disease research, such as cancer, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and viral infection[1].

  • CAS Number: 2883535-99-5
  • MF: C35H30N6O5
  • MW: 614.65
  • Catalog: c-Myc
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Raptinal

Raptinal, a agent that directly activates caspase-3, initiates intrinsic pathway caspase-dependent apoptosis. Raptinal is able to rapidly induce cancer cell death by directly activating the effector caspase-3, bypassing the activation of initiator caspase-8 and caspase-9[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1176-09-6
  • MF: C28H18O2
  • MW: 386.44
  • Catalog: Caspase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: 219 °C
  • Flash Point: N/A

3-(2-ETHYLPHENYL)-2-MERCAPTOQUINAZOLIN-4(3H)-ONE

Anticancer agent 173 (compound 19) is a potent thioxodihydroquinazolinone analogs when combined with platinum drugs in inducing apoptotic cancer cells death[1].

  • CAS Number: 177951-34-7
  • MF: C16H14N2OS
  • MW: 282.36000
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

SW106065

SW106065 is an apoptosis inducer in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST). SW106065 inhibits ATP consumption of sMPNST and other models of MPNST with an EC50 of 1 µM. SW106065 can be used for MPNST research[1].

  • CAS Number: 62289-81-0
  • MF: C10H8N2OS
  • MW: 204.24800
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

(E)-Ferulic acid

(E)-Ferulic acid is a isomer of Ferulic acid which is an aromatic compound, abundant in plant cell walls. (E)-Ferulic acid causes the phosphorylation of β-catenin, resulting in proteasomal degradation of β-catenin and increases the expression of pro-apoptotic factor Bax and decreases the expression of pro-survival factor survivin. (E)-Ferulic acid shows a potent ability to remove reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibits lipid peroxidation. (E)-Ferulic acid exerts both anti-proliferation and anti-migration effects in the human lung cancer cell line H1299[1].

  • CAS Number: 537-98-4
  • MF: C10H10O4
  • MW: 194.184
  • Catalog: Bcl-2 Family
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 372.3±27.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 168-172ºC
  • Flash Point: 150.5±17.2 °C

BI-0252

BI-0252 is an orally active, selective MDM2-p53 inhibitor with an IC50 of 4 nM. BI-0252 can induce tumor regressions in all animals of a mouse SJSA-1 xenograft, with concomitant induction of the tumor protein p53 (TP53) target genes and markers of apoptosis[1].

  • CAS Number: 1818291-27-8
  • MF: C30H26Cl2FN3O3
  • MW: 566.45
  • Catalog: MDM-2/p53
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Antiproliferative agent-7

Antiproliferative against-7 (compound 8f) is a potent anti-proliferative agent. Antiproliferative against-7 has antiproliferative activity against cancer cell lines MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, HCT-116 and FR-2 with IC50s of 3.5 μM, 15.54 μM, 30.43 μM and 34.8 μM, respectively. Antiproliferative against-7 can increase ROS production and induce apoptosis[1].

  • CAS Number: 2497687-47-3
  • MF: C28H32N4O
  • MW: 440.58
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Deracoxib-d3

Deracoxib-d3 is the deuterium labeled Deracoxib. Deracoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, is a non-narcotic, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).

  • CAS Number: 2012598-48-8
  • MF: C17H11D3F3N3O3S
  • MW: 400.39
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Lometrexol

Lometrexol (DDATHF), an antipurine antifolate, can inhibit the activity of glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT) by tightly binding with it. Lometrexol can further inhibit de novo purine synthesis, causing abnormal cell proliferation and apoptosis, even cell cycle arrest. Lometrexol has anticancer activity[1].

  • CAS Number: 106400-81-1
  • MF: C21H25N5O6
  • MW: 443.45300
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.56g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Pexelizumab

Pexelizumab (h5G1. 1-SC) is a humanized scFv monoclonal antibody directed against the C5 complement component. Pexelizumab inhibits apoptosis and leukocyte infiltration. Pexelizumab can be used for the research of cerebral IR injury and myocardial infarction[1][2].

  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Antitumor agent-45

Antitumor agent-45 (Compound 21) could induce and stimulate A549 cells apoptosis in G0/G1 and G2/M phase. Antitumor agent-45 (Compound 21) inhibits c-Met expression to regulate the growth of tumor cells[1].

  • CAS Number: 2581082-74-6
  • MF: C28H17BrFN5O3
  • MW: 570.37
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

SCH 79797 dihydrochloride

SCH79797 dihydrochloride is a highly potent, selective nonpeptide protease activated receptor 1 (PAR1) antagonist. SCH79797 dihydrochloride inhibits binding of a high-affinity thrombin receptor-activating peptide to PAR1 with an IC50 of 70 nM and a Ki of 35 nM. SCH79797 dihydrochloride inhibits thrombin-induced platelet aggregation with an IC50 of 3 μM. SCH79797 dihydrochloride has antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects, and limits myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat hearts. SCH79797 dihydrochloride also potently prevents PAR1 activation in vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and astrocytes[1][2][3][4].

  • CAS Number: 1216720-69-2
  • MF: C23H27Cl2N5
  • MW: 444.400
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

AK 295

AK 295 (CX 295) is a calpain inhibitor that inhibits apoptosis through a calpain-dependent pathway. AK 295 improves neurological function in a rat model of spinal cord injury (SCI). AK 295 can be used in the study of neurodegenerative diseases, such as bulbar amyotrophy, stroke, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis[1].

  • CAS Number: 160399-35-9
  • MF: C26H40N4O6
  • MW: 504.62
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.145g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

PDGFR-IN-1

PDGFR-IN-1 (compound 7m) is a potent and orally active PDGFR (platelet-derived growth factor receptor) inhibitor, with IC50 values of 2.4 and 0.9 nM for PDGFRα and PDGFRβ, respectively. PDGFR-IN-1 displays robust antitumor effects and low toxicity, and can be used to study osteosarcoma[1].

  • CAS Number: 2644673-07-2
  • MF: C25H30N8O
  • MW: 458.56
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

RWJ-56110 dihydrochloride

RWJ-56110 dihydrochloride is a potent, selective, peptide-mimetic inhibitor of PAR-1 activation and internalization (binding IC50=0.44 uM) and shows no effect on PAR-2, PAR-3, or PAR-4. RWJ-56110 dihydrochloride inhibits the aggregation of human platelets induced by both SFLLRN-NH2 (IC50=0.16 μM) and thrombin (IC50=0.34 μM), quite selective relative to U46619 (HY-108566). RWJ-56110 dihydrochloride blocks angiogenesis and blocks the formation of new vessels in vivo. RWJ-56110 dihydrochloride induces cell apoptosis[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 2387505-58-8
  • MF: C41H45Cl4F2N7O3
  • MW: 863.65
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Ro 90-7501

Ro 90-7501 is an amyloid β42 (Aβ42) fibril assembly inhibitor that reduces Aβ42-induced cytotoxicity (EC50 of 2 μM). Ro 90-7501 inhibits ATM phosphorylation and DNA repair. RO 90-7501 selectively enhances toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) ligand-induced IFN-β gene expression and antiviral response[2]. Ro 90-7501 also inhibits protein phosphatase 5 (PP5) in a TPR-dependent manner[3]. Ro 90-7501 has significant radiosensitizing effects on cervical cancer cells[4].

  • CAS Number: 293762-45-5
  • MF: C20H16N6
  • MW: 340.38100
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.443g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 751.035ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 449.122ºC

Delphinidin-3-O-glucoside chloride

Delphinidin 3-glucoside chloride (Delphinidin 3-O-glucoside chloride) is an active anthocyanin found in bilberry extract. Delphinidin 3-glucoside chloride induces a pro-apoptotic effect in B cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B CLL)[1]. Delphinidin 3-glucoside chloride exerts phytoestrogen activity by binding to ERβ, with an IC50 of 9.7 μM[2]. Delphinidin-3-O-glucoside chloride inhibits EGFR with an IC50 of 2.37 µM[3].

  • CAS Number: 6906-38-3
  • MF: C21H21ClO12
  • MW: 500.837
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

RIPK1-IN-7

RIPK1-IN-7 is a potent and selective receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) inhibitor with a Kd of 4 nM and an enzymatic IC50 of 11 nM. RIPK1-IN-7 exhibits excellent antimetastasis activity in the experimental B16 melanoma lung metastasis model[1].

  • CAS Number: 2300982-44-7
  • MF: C25H22F3N5O2
  • MW: 481.47
  • Catalog: RIP kinase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

PKCβ inhibitor 1

PKCβ inhibitor 1 is a potent, ATP-competitive, and selective PKCβ inhibitor with IC50s of 21 and 5 nM for human PKCβ1 and PKCβ2, respectively. PKCβ inhibitor 1 exhibits selectivity of more than 60-fold in favor of PKCβ2 relative to other PKC isozymes (PKCα, PKCγ, and PKCε)[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 257879-35-9
  • MF: C24H21N5O2
  • MW: 411.45600
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

VTP50469 fumarate

VTP50469 fumarate is a potent, highly selective and orally active Menin-MLL interaction inhibitor with a Ki of 104 pM. VTP50469 fumarate has potently anti-leukemia activity[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 2169919-29-1
  • MF: C32H47FN6O4S.3/2C4H4O4
  • MW: 804.93
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

4-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1,4-dihydro-[1,3,5]triazino[1,2-a]benzimidazol-2-amine

Topoisomerase II inhibitor 14 (compound 2f) is a potent inhibtor of Topoisomerase II, with anticancer activity. Topoisomerase II inhibitor 14 induces apoptosis, and arrests cell cycle at S phase. Topoisomerase II inhibitor 14 exhibits antioxidant effect and decreases the level of GSH, MDA, and NO[1].

  • CAS Number: 305343-00-4
  • MF: C15H11Cl2N5
  • MW: 332.19
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.7±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 493.6±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 252.3±31.5 °C