Gossypol, a natural product isolated from cottonseeds and roots, binds to Bcl-xL protein and Bcl-2 protein with Kis of 0.5-0.6 μM and 0.2-0.3 mM, respectively.
Oxychloroaphine could be isolated from the bacterium Pantoea agglomerans naturally present in soil. Oxychloroaphine has broad-spectrum antifungal activity. Oxychloroaphine has cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner and induces apoptosis. Oxychloroaphine can be used in research of cancer[1][2].
Tofacitinib-d3 (citrate) is deuterium labeled Tofacitinib (citrate). Tofacitinib citrate is an orally available JAK1/2/3 inhibitor with IC50s of 1, 20, and 112 nM, respectively. Tofacitinib citrate has antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activities.
α-Tocopherol phosphate (alpha-Tocopherol phosphate) disodium, a promising antioxidant, can protect against long-wave UVA1 induced cell death and scavenge UVA1 induced ROS in a skin cell model. α-Tocopherol phosphate disodium possesses therapeutic potential in the inhibition of apoptosis and increases the migratory capacity of endothelial progenitor cells under high-glucose/hypoxic conditions and promotes angiogenesis[1][2].
2,4,6-Triiodophenol is an orally active and potent leukotriene B4 (LTB4) synthesis inhibitor. 2,4,6-Triiodophenol can induce mouse blastocysts apoptosis[1][2].
BCL6-IN-5 is a potent BCL6 inhibitor exacted from patent WO2018215801A1, example 1n, has a pIC50 of 5.82[1].
Didocosahexaenoin, an omega-3 derivative, is a diglyceride of DHA and can be synthesised from DHA triglycerides. Didocosahexaenoin causes significant loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and induces ROS production. Didocosahexaenoin induces stronger cytotoxicity than DHA in human prostate carcinoma cells[1].
MIM-1 is an inhibitor of myeloid cell factor 1 (Mcl-1).
Z-Ala-Ala-Asp-CMK (Z-AAD-CMK) is a selective granzyme B inhibitor[1].
OTS193320 (OTS-193320) is a potent inhibitor of protein methyltransferase SUV39H2 with IC50 of 22.2 nM; significantly reduces global H3K9 tri-methylation (H3K9me3) in breast cancer cells in vitro and induces apoptotic cell death, attenuates γ-H2AX levels in combination with doxorubicin compared with the DOX treatment alone, and causes a significant reduction in breast cancer cell viability when compared to the treatment with a single agent; causes growth suppressive effect of SUV39H2-positive A549 lung cancer cells with IC50 of 0.38 uM.
DB0614 (Example 21) is a bifunctional compound targeted protein degradation of kinases. DB0614 degrades AAK1, AURKA, BMP2K, CAMKK1, CDK16, CML, CDK6, EIF2AK2, FER, GAK, LCK, LIMK2, MAP3KH, MAPK8, MAPK9, NEK9, PLK4, PTK2B, SIK2, STK17A, STK17B, ULK1, ULK3, and WEE1. DB0614 can be used for research of disease or disorder mediated by aberrant kinase activity[1].
Anticancer agent 120 (compound 21) is an N-acylated ciprofloxacin derivative, which has certain antibacterial activity and induces ROS to promote cancer cell apoptosis[1].
EF24 is a curcumin analogue with greater anti-tumor efficacy and oral bioavailability via deactivation of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). EF24 treatment increases the levels of activated caspase 3 and 9, and decreases the phosphorylated forms of MEK1 and ERK[1][2].
Ac-LEHD-AMC is a fluorogenic substrate for caspase-9 (Excitation: 341 nm; Emission: 441 nm). Caspase-9 can induce hydrolysis of Ac-LEHD-AMC, resulting in the release of AMC fluorophore and its fluorescence can be used to quantify caspase-9 activity[1].
Mitotane-13C6 is the 13C labeled Mitotane[1]. Mitotane (2,4′-DDD), an isomer of DDD and derivative of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), is an antineoplastic agent, can be used to research adrenocortical carcinoma. Mitotane exert its adrenocorticolytic effect at least in part through lipotoxicity induced by intracellular free cholesterol (FC) accumulation. Mitotane can have direct pituitary effects on corticotroph cells. Mitotane can induce CYP3A4 gene expression via steroid and xenobiotic receptor (SXR) activation, and has drug-drug interactions[2][3][4][5].
Lactucin is an anti-inflammatory agent. Lactucin induces cancer cell apoptosis. Lactucin also shows analgesic, anticancer and antimalarial activities[1][2][3][4].
IDO1/TDO-IN-1 (30) is a potent dual IDO1 (uncompetitive, Ki of 0.23 μM) and TDO (competitive, Ki of 0.73 μM) inhibitor. IDO1/TDO-IN-1 (30) significantly promotes cell apoptosis through the potential mitochondria-mediated Bcl-2/Bax pathway[1].
CUR61414 is a novel, potent and cell permeable Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor (IC50 =100-200 nM). CUR61414 is a small-molecule aminoproline class compound and selectively binds to smoothened (Smo) with a Ki value of 44 nM. CUR-61414 can induce apoptosis in cancer cells without affecting neighboring non-tumor cells[1][2].
Neoechinulin A is an isoprenyl indole alkaloid that exhibits scavenging, neurotrophic factor-like, and anti-apoptotic activities. Neoechinulin A induces memory improvements and antidepressant-like effects in mice[1][2].
Astragaloside A is one of the major active constituents of Astragalus membranaceus in Traditional Chinese Medicine; has been widely used to treat ischemic diseases.IC50 value: Target: in vitro: AS-IV treatment promotes umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) proliferation, migration, and tube formation. AS-IV treatment also activates JAK2/STAT3 and ERK1/2 signaling pathways, and up-regulates endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression and nitric oxide (NO) production [1]. Administration of astragaloside IV (16, 32, and 64 μM) 1 h prior to lipopolysaccharide stimulation dose-dependently attenuated cardiac hypertrophy induced by lipopolysaccharide. Further studies demonstrated that astragaloside IV inhibited the increment of the resting intracellular free Ca2+, and its effect was similar to verapamil [2]. ASI could inhibit cells apoptosis induced by high glucose (25mmol/L) in dose-dependent and time-dependent manners. ASI also inhibited high glucose-induced expression of TGF-β1 and activation of p38 MAPK pathway at the protein level. Furthermore, ASI increased HGF production in human tubular epithelial cells [3].in vivo: the growth of tumor was suppressed by AS-IV treatment in vivo. AS-IV also could down-regulate regulatory T cells (Tregs) and up-regulate cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in vivo and in vitro[4]. As an in vivo model, mice subjected to unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) were administered AS-IV (20 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection for 7 days. AS-IV significantly alleviated renal mass loss and reduced the expression of α-smooth muscle actin, fibronectin, and collagen IV both in vitro and in vivo [5].
Perhexiline is an orally active CPT1 and CPT2 inhibitor that reduces fatty acid metabolism. Perhexiline induces mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in hepatic cells. Perhexiline can cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) and shows anti-tumor activity. Perhexiline can be used in the research of cancers, and cardiovascular disease like angina[1][2][5].
NSC-207895 (XI-006), a DNA damaging agent, is an anticancer agent and p53 activator[1][2][3].
Chrysotoxine is a dual inhibitor of Src/Akt. Chrysotoxine suppresses cancer stem cells (CSCs) phenotypes by down-regulating Src/Akt signaling. Chrysotoxine reduces cell viability and increases apoptosis level in H460 and H23 cells instead of non-tumor cell lines. Chrysotoxine shows rapid excretion and low bioavailability in rats. Chrysotoxine is used in cancer research[1][2].
BC-1258, an F-box/LRR-repeat protein 2 (FBXL2) activator, can stabilize and upregulate FBXL2 levels. BC-1258 induces apoptosis of tumorigenic cells, and profoundly inhibits tumor formation in mice[1].
Heptelidic acid (Koningic acid) is a sesquiterpene antibiotic[1]. Heptelidic acid inhibits Etoposide-induced apoptosis via downregulation of caspases[2]. Koningic acid (KA) is a specific GAPDH inhibitor with an IC50of 90 μM[3].
Meisoindigo(Natura-α; N-Methylisoindigotin; Dian III), a derivative of Indigo naturalis, might induce apoptosis and myeloid differentiation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML).IC50 value:Target: apoptosis inducerin vitro: Meisoindigo inhibited the growth of leukemic cells by inducing marked apoptosis and moderate cell-cycle arrest at the G(0)/G(1) phase. It down-regulated anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, and up-regulated pro-apoptotic Bak and Bax and cell-cycle related proteins, p21and p27. Furthermore, it induced myeloid differentiation, as demonstrated by morphologic changes, up-regulation of CD11b, and increased nitroblue tetrazolium reduction activity in all cell lines tested. In addition, meisoindigo down-regulated the expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase and enhanced the cytotoxicity of conventional chemotherapeutic agents, cytarabine and idarubicin. As with the results from cell lines, meisoindigo also induced apoptosis, up-regulated p21 and p27, and down-regulated Bcl-2 in primary AML cells [1]. meisoindigo effectively inhibits HT-29 cell proliferation (IC(50) 4.3 mmol/L), arrests HT-29 cells in G2/ M phase and induces HT-29 cell apoptosis. The downstream genes and proteins of GSK-3beta(ser(9)) expression level decrease [2].in vivo: The in vivo anti-leukemic activity of meisoindigo was also demonstrated by decreased spleen size in a dose-dependent manner [1]. Meisoindigo significantly inhibits the HT-29 xenograft tumors growth at the dose of 100 mg/kg. The mechanism of meisoindigo activity against HT-29 cells may be related to its inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta, GSK-3beta(ser(9)) phosphorylation in Wnt signaling pathway [2].
(rel)-Oxaliplatin is a DNA synthesis inhibitor. (rel)-Oxaliplatin causes DNA crosslinking damage, prevents DNA replication and transcription and induces apoptosis. (rel)-Oxaliplatin can be used for cancer research[1][2][3].
CX-5011 is a CK2 inhibitor. CX-5011 also induces Rac1 activation. CX-5011 induces apoptosis and induces cancer cell death[1][2].
AZA1 is a potent dual inhibitor of Rac1 and Cdc42. AZA1 induces prostate cancer cells apoptosis and inhibits prostate cancer cells proliferation, migration and invasion[1][2].
EP3 is an antimicrobial peptide. EP3 has antibacterial and antifungal activities. EP3 inhibits E. gallinarum, P. pyocyanea, A. baumanii, K. terrigena with a MIC value of 12.85 μg/mL. EP3 also shows antitumor activity against cancer cells, and induces cell apoptosis[1].