Cell apoptosis, sometimes called programmed cell death, is a cellular self-destruction method to remove old and damaged cells during development and aging to protect cells from external disturbances and maintain homeostasis. Apoptosis also occurs as a defense mechanism such as in immune reactions or when cells are damaged by disease or noxious agents.

Apoptosis is controlled by many genes and involves two fundamental pathways: the extrinsic pathway, which transmits death signals by the death receptor (DR), and the intrinsic or mitochondrial pathway. The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is activated by the binding of the death ligand to DRs, including FasL, TNF-α, and TRAIL, on the plasma membrane. The DR, adaptor protein (FADD), and associated apoptosis signaling molecule (caspase-8) form the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC), thus leading to the activation of the effector caspase cascade (caspase-3, -6, and -7). The mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptosis pathway is regulated by Bcl-2 family proteins, including proapoptotic (Bid, Bax, Bak) and antiapoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL).

Abnormalities in cell apoptosis can be a significant component of diseases such as cancer, autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, AIDS, ischemia, and neurode-generative diseases. These diseases may benefit from artificially inhibiting or activating apoptosis. A short list of potential methods of anti-apoptotic therapy includes stimulation of the IAP (inhibitors of apoptosis proteins) family of proteins, caspase inhibition, PARP (poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase) inhibition, stimulation of the PKB/Akt (protein kinase B) pathway, and inhibition of Bcl-2 proteins.

Ferroptosis and necroptosis are recently recognized forms of regulated cell death that differs considerably from apoptosis. Misregulated ferroptosis or necroptosis have also been implicated in multiple physiological and pathological processes, including cancer cell death, neurotoxicity, neurodegenerative diseases, etc.

References:
[1] Susan Elmore. Toxicol Pathol. 2007; 35(4): 495–516.
[2] Cao L, et al. J Cell Death. 2016 Dec 29;9:19-29.
[3] Dasgupta A, et al. Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Jan; 18(1): 23.
[4] Xie Y, et al. Cell Death Differ. 2016 Mar;23(3):369-79.


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MG-115

MG-115 is a potent and reversible proteasome inhibitor, with Kis of 21 nM and 35 nM for 20S and 26S proteasome, respectively. MG-115 specifically inhibit the chymotrypsin-like activity of the proteasome, induces p53-dependent apoptosis[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 133407-86-0
  • MF: C25H39N3O5
  • MW: 461.59
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 678.8±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 364.3±31.5 °C

Isoliensinine

Isoliensinine is a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid extracted from the seed embryo of Nelumbo nucifera, with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities. Isoliensinine induces apoptosis in triple-negative human breast cancer cells[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 6817-41-0
  • MF: C37H42N2O6
  • MW: 610.739
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 723.1±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 69-71℃
  • Flash Point: 391.1±32.9 °C

a2e

Pyridinium bisretinoid A2E (A2E)is an initiator of blue-light-induced apoptosis. Photoactivation of Pyridinium bisretinoid A2E mediates autophagy and the production of reactive oxygen species[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 173449-96-2
  • MF: C42H58NO+
  • MW: 592.91600
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Ganoderenic acid D

Ganoderenic acid D is a triterpene identified from the effective compounds of Ganoderma lucidum extract (GLE). Ganoderenic acid D inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis[1].

  • CAS Number: 100665-43-8
  • MF: C30H40O7
  • MW: 512.634
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 702.3±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 218-220℃
  • Flash Point: 392.5±29.4 °C

SHR0302

SHR0302 is a potent and orally active all members of the JAK family inhibitor, particularly JAK1. The selectivity of SHR0302 for JAK1 is >10-fold for JAK2, 77-fold for JAK3, 420-fold for Tyk2. SHR0302 inhibits JAK1-STAT3 phosphorylation and induces the apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells. SHR0302 has anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory effects[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1445987-21-2
  • MF: C18H22N8O2S
  • MW: 414.48
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

9-Oxo-10,11-dehydroageraphorone

Euptox A (9-Oxo-10, 11-dehydroageraphorone), a cadenine sesquiterpene, is the main toxin that can be isolated from Eupatorium adenophorum. Euptox A induces apoptosis by improving the gene expression level of apoptotic proteases such as caspase-10 in HeLa cells[1].

  • CAS Number: 79491-71-7
  • MF: C15H20O2
  • MW: 232.32
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.0±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 373.9±42.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 140.3±24.9 °C

ALA-ALA-PHE-CHLOROMETHYLKETONE TFA

AAF-CMK is a TPPII (tripeptidylpeptidase II) inhibitor, shows anti-tumor activity and induces apoptosis. AAF-CMK can be used in leukemia research[1].

  • CAS Number: 102129-66-8
  • MF: C16H22ClN3O3
  • MW: 339.81700
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.215g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 508.9ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 261.6ºC

3-(3-Phenoxybenzyl)amino-β-carboline

3-(3-Phenoxybenzyl)amino-β-carboline is a potent tubulin inhibitor. 3-(3-Phenoxybenzyl)amino-β-carboline promotes selective degradation of αβ-tubulin heterodimers. 3-(3-Phenoxybenzyl)amino-β-carboline induces G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. 3-(3-Phenoxybenzyl)amino-β-carboline exhibits anticancer activity[1].

  • CAS Number: 1327080-54-5
  • MF: C24H19N3O
  • MW: 365.43
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

GSK'481

GSK'481 can inhibit RIP1 WT S166 phosphorylation in human vs mouse plasmids overexpressed in HEK293T cellsGSK'481 have approximately equivalent RIP1 FP potencies against human andcynomolgus monkey RIP1 but was >100-fold less potent against nonprimate RIP1

  • CAS Number: 1622849-58-4
  • MF: C21H19N3O4
  • MW: 377.393
  • Catalog: RIP kinase
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 677.0±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 363.2±31.5 °C

Multi-kinase-IN-2

Multi-kinase-IN-2 (compound 7h) is an orally active and potent angiokinase inhibitor. Multi-kinase-IN-2 exhibits excellent inhibitory activity against angiokinases including VEGFR-1/2/3, PDGFRα/β, and FGFR-1, as well as LYN and c-KIT kinases. Multi-kinase-IN-2 significantly attenuates phosphorylation of AKT and ERK proteins. Multi-kinase-IN-2 induces cell apoptosis. Multi-kinase-IN-2 shows anticancer activity[1].

  • CAS Number: 2095628-21-8
  • MF: C34H35N5O3
  • MW: 561.67
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

D-Mannitol-13C,d2

D-Mannitol-13C,d2 is the deuterium and 13C labeled D-Mannitol.

  • CAS Number: 1217463-58-5
  • MF: C513CH12D2O6
  • MW: 185.18
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

PM 02734

PM 02734 is an antineoplastic.

  • CAS Number: 915713-02-9
  • MF: C77H125F3N14O18
  • MW: 1591.922
  • Catalog: DAPK
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Phenazine methylsulfate

Phenazine methylsulfate is a free radical generator. Phenazine methylsulfate has been used as an electron transfer reactant in cell viability assays. Phenazine methylsulfate induces ssDNA break formation in the presence of the reducing agent NADPH. Phenazine methylsulfate induces oxidative DNA damage in an alkaline comet assay and apoptosis.

  • CAS Number: 299-11-6
  • MF: C14H14N2O4S
  • MW: 306.337
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: 158-160 °C (dec.)(lit.)
  • Flash Point: N/A

MitoTam bromide, hydrobromide

MitoTam bromide, hydrobromide is a tamoxifen derivative[1], an electron transport chain (ETC) inhibitor, spreduces mitochondrial membrane potential in senescent cells and affects mitochondrial morphology[2].MitoTam bromide, hydrobromide is an effective anticancer agent, suppresses respiratory complexes (CI-respiration) and disrupts respiratory supercomplexes (SCs) formation in breast cancer cells[1][2]. MitoTam bromide, hydrobromide causes apoptosis[2].

  • CAS Number: 1634624-73-9
  • MF: C52H60Br2NOP
  • MW: 905.82
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

PROTAC Mcl1 degrader-1

Mcl1-IN-14 (compound C3), a proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC), is a potently and selectively Mcl-1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.78 μM. Mcl1-IN-14 induces the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of Mcl-1 by introducing the E3 ligase cereblon (CRBN)-binding ligand pomalidomide to Mcl-1 inhibitor S1-6 with μM-range affinity[1].

  • CAS Number: 2163793-38-0
  • MF: C45H45BrN6O8S
  • MW: 909.84
  • Catalog: Bcl-2 Family
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

2'-O-Methylguanosine

2'-O-Methylguanosine is a modified nucleoside produced in tRNAs by the action of tRNA guanosine-2’-O-methyltransferase. 2'-O-Methylguanosine results in apoptotic changes of cells[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 2140-71-8
  • MF: C11H15N5O5
  • MW: 297.267
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 2.0±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 711.7ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 218-220ºC
  • Flash Point: 384.2ºC

anti-TNBC agent-3

anti-TNBC agent-3 (compound 3g) is an apoptosis inducer with anti-cancer cell proliferation activity. anti-TNBC agent-3 inhibits tumor growth and metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) xenograft models[1].

  • CAS Number: 2422001-25-8
  • MF: C29H39F2N7O
  • MW: 539.66
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Deoxypodophyllotoxin

Deoxypodophyllotoxin (DPT), a derivative of podophyllotoxin, is a lignan with potent antimitotic, anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties isolated from rhizomes of Sinopodophullumhexandrum (Berberidaceae). Deoxypodophyllotoxin, targets the microtubule, has a major impact in oncology not only as anti-mitotics but also as potent inhibitors of angiogenesis[1]. Deoxypodophyllotoxin induces cell autophagy and apoptosis[2]. Deoxypodophyllotoxin evokes increase of intracellular Ca2+ concentrations in DRG neurons[3].

  • CAS Number: 19186-35-7
  • MF: C22H22O7
  • MW: 398.406
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 564.5±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 247.0±30.2 °C

Zorifertinib hydrochloride

Zorifertinib (AZD3759) hydrochloride is a potent, orally active, central nervous system-penetrant, EGFR inhibitor (IC50s: 0.3, 0.2, and 0.2 nM for EGFRwt, EGFRL858R, and EGFRexon 19Del, respectively). Zorifertinib hydrochloride induces cancer cell apoptosis. Zorifertinib hydrochloride has antitumor activity, and can be used for NSCLC, HCC etc. research[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1626387-81-2
  • MF: C22H24Cl2FN5O3
  • MW: 496.362
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Purinostat mesylate

Purinostat mesylate is a selective inhibitor of HDAC. Purinostat mesylate inhibits class I and class IIb HDACs with IC50s from 0.81 to 11.5 nM. Purinostat mesylate induces apoptosis and affects cell cycle of LAMA84 and 188 BL-2 cells, and shows potently anti-leukemia effects in vivo. Purinostat mesylate can be used for the research of lymphoblastic leukemia[1].

  • CAS Number: 2650188-32-0
  • MF: C24H30N10O6S
  • MW: 586.62
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

(3R,4R)-3-[(1,3-Benzodioxole-5-yl)methyl]-4-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one

Kusunokinin ((-)-Kusunokinin) is a nature product that could be isolated form P. nigrum. Kusunokinin has anticancer activity. Kusunokinin arrests cell cycle at G2/M phase and induce apoptosis[1].

  • CAS Number: 58311-20-9
  • MF: C21H22O6
  • MW: 370.396
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 543.6±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 238.5±28.8 °C

Azoxystrobin-d4

Azoxystrobin-d4 is deuterium labeled Azoxystrobin. Azoxystrobin is a broad-spectrum β-methoxyacrylate fungicide. Azoxystrobin inhibits mitochondrial respiration by binding to the Qo site of the cytochrome bc1 complex and inhibiting electron transfer. Azoxystrobin induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induces cell apoptosis.

  • CAS Number: 1346606-39-0
  • MF: C22H13D4N3O5
  • MW: 407.41
  • Catalog: Fungal
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 581.3±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 105-107°C
  • Flash Point: 305.3±30.1 °C

Oleic acid-13C-1

Oleic acid-13C-1 is the 13C labeled Oleic acid. Oleic acid (9-cis-Octadecenoic acid) is an abundant monounsaturated fatty acid[1]. Oleic acid is a Na+/K+ ATPase activator[2].

  • CAS Number: 2483735-58-4
  • MF: C1713CH34O2
  • MW: 283.45
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

n-Octyl caffeate

n-Octyl caffeate shows anti-cancer and apoptosis inducing activity in highly liver-metastatic murine colon 26-L5 carcinoma cell lines[1].

  • CAS Number: 478392-41-5
  • MF: C17H24O4
  • MW: 292.37
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Topoisomerase IIα-IN-3

Topoisomerase IIα-IN-3 (Compound 12c) is a DNA intercalative topoisomerase-IIα inhibitor. Topoisomerase IIα-IN-3 arrests cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase and induces apoptosis[1].

  • CAS Number: 2538528-11-7
  • MF: C29H20N6O2S
  • MW: 516.57
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

DC_AC50

DC_AC50 is a dual inhibitor of Atox1 and CCS (copper chaperones). Inhibiting intracellular copper chaperones as a means of reducing/preventing acquired chemotherapy resistance[1].

  • CAS Number: 497061-48-0
  • MF: C17H12BrF2N3OS
  • MW: 424.26200
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

EGFR-IN-52

EGFR-IN-52 (Compound 4) is a potent EGFR inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.358, 86.02 and 432.67 µM against EGFR, EGFR L858R-TK and EGFR T790M-TK, respectively. EGFR-IN-52 shows cytotoxic activity against cancer cell lines and induces apoptosis[1].

  • CAS Number: 454436-75-0
  • MF: C19H18N4O3S
  • MW: 382.44
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Broussochalcone A

Broussochalcone A is an antioxidant and an inhibitor of Xanthine Oxidase (IC50=2.21 μM), with free radical scavenging activity. Broussochalcone A inhibits iron-induced lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide synthesis in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -activated macrophages. Broussochalcone A also induces Apoptosis of human renal carcinoma cells by increasing ROS levels and activating FOXO3 signaling pathways[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 99217-68-2
  • MF: C20H20O5
  • MW: 340.37000
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.312g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 595ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 327.7ºC

Capecitabine-d11

Capecitabine-d11 is the deuterium labeled Capecitabine. Capecitabine is an oral prodrug that is converted to its active metabolite, 5-FU, by thymidine phosphorylase[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1132662-08-8
  • MF: C15H11D11FN3O6
  • MW: 370.418
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

EC-359

EC359 is a potent, selective, high affinity and orally active leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR) inhibitor with a Kd of 10.2 nM, which directly interacts with LIFR to effectively block LIF/LIFR interactions[1].

  • CAS Number: 2012591-09-0
  • MF: C36H38F2O2
  • MW: 540.68
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A