Tarafenacin(SVT-40776) is a highly selective M3 muscarinic receptor antagonist (Ki= 0.19 nM), ~200 fold selectivity over M2 receptor.IC50 value: 0.19 nM (Ki) [1]Target: M3 muscarinic receptorin vitro: SVT-40776 is highly selective for M(3) over M(2) receptors (Ki = 0.19 nmol.L(-1) for M(3) receptor affinity). SVT-40776 was the most potent in inhibiting carbachol-induced bladder contractions of the anti-cholinergic agents tested, without affecting atrial contractions over the same range of concentrations. SVT-40776 exhibited the highest urinary versus cardiac selectivity (199-fold) [1]. SVT-40776 has a much higher binding affinity (K(d) = 0.4 nM) to M5 mAChR than that of solifenacin (K(d) = 31 nM) with the same reeptor. The calculated binding free energy change (-2.3 ± 0.3 kcal/mol) from solifenacin to SVT-40776 is in good agreement with the experimentally derived binding free energy change (-2.58 kcal/mol), suggesting that our modeled M5 mAChR structure and its complexes with the antagonists are reliable [2].in vivo: In the guinea pig in vivo model, SVT-40776 inhibited 25% of spontaneous bladder contractions at a very low dose (6.97 microg.kg(-1) i.v), without affecting arterial blood pressure [1].
Linoleic Acid-d2 is the deuterium labeled Linoleic acid. Linoleic acid is a common polyunsaturated (PUFA) found in plant-based oils, nuts and seeds. Linoleic acid is a part of membrane phospholipids, and functions as a structural component to maintain a certain level of membrane fluidity of the transdermal water barrier of the epidermis. Linoleic acid induces red blood cells and hemoglobin damage via oxidative mechanism[1][2].
NF-κB-IN-13 (compound 12) can significantly inhibit LPS-induced NF-κB activation and NO production in RAW264.7 macrophages. NF-κB-IN-13 has anti-inflammatory effects[1].
14:0-16:1-14:0 TG-d5 is deuterium labeled 14:0-16:1-14:0 TG.
CIzyme Collagenase MA is comprised of highly purified collagenase isoforms I and II from Clostridium histoliticum. CIzyme Collagenase MA can be used for digestion of the pancreas[1].
SDZ 220-581 ammonium salt is a potent, competitive antagonist at the NMDA glutamate receptor subtype(pKi= 7.7). IC50 Value: Target: NMDA receptorin vitro: Wake-promoting doses of LSN2463359 and LSN2814617 attenuated deficits in performance induced by the competitiveNMDA receptor antagonist SDZ 220,581 in two tests of operant behaviour: the variable interval 30 s task and the DMTP task [1].in vivo: Administration of SDZ 220-581 or CGS 19755 was associated with a robust reduction in PPI, whereas L-701,324, 4-Cl-KYN or MLA failed to alter PPI [2]. With the most active agent, SDZ 220-581, full protection against maximal electroshock seizures (MES) was obtained at oral doses of 10 mg/kg in rats and in mice. The compound had a fast onset (< or = 1 hr) and a long duration (> or = 24 hr) of action [3]. Rats were pretreated with clozapine (0 or 5.0 mg/kg) or haloperidol (0 or 0.1 mg/kg), together with SDZ 220-581 (0 or 2.5 mg/kg), and tested. SDZ 220-581 and SDZ EAB-515 decreased PPI without affecting startle magnitude [4].
JAK-IN-32 (XC) is a bi-aryl meta-pyrimidine inhibitor of JAK kinase[1].
Ertugliflozin-d5 is the deuterium labeled Ertugliflozin[1]. Ertugliflozin (PF-04971729) is a potent, selective and orally active inhibitor of the sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), with an IC50 of 0.877 nM for h-SGLT2[2]. Has the potential for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus[3].
N-Fmoc-L-valine N-succinimidyl ester is a valine derivative[1].
Alvimopan(LY 246736; ADL 8-2698) is a peripherally acting mu-opioid receptor (PAM-OR, IC50= 1.7 nM) antagonist for accelerating gastrointestinal recovery after surgery. IC50 Value: 1.7 nM (Mu-type opioid receptor) [1]Target: mu-opioid receptorin vitro: The dissociation rate of alvimopan from the micro opioid receptor (t(1/2)=30--44 min) was comparable to that of the long acting partial agonist buprenorphine (t(1/2)=44 min), but was slower than those of the antagonists naloxone (t(1/2)=0.82 min) and N-methylnaltrexone (t(1/2)=0.46 min) [2].in vivo: Alvimopan did not significantly accelerate GI-3 compared with placebo [6 mg: hazard ratio (HR) = 1.20, p = 0.080; 12 mg: HR = 1.24, p = 0.038). However, after adjustment for significant covariates (sex/surgical duration), benefits were significant for both doses (6 mg: HR = 1.24, p = 0.037; 12 mg: HR = 1.26, p = 0.028). Alvimopan also significantly accelerated time to GI-2 (6 mg: HR = 1.37, p = 0.008; 12 mg: HR = 1.33, p = 0.018) and DCO (6 mg: HR = 1.31, p = 0.008; 12 mg: HR = 1.28, p = 0.015) [3]. Alvimopan (1 and 3 mg/kg) significantly reversed this delayed GI transit when administered 45 min prior to surgery. However, the effects of alvimopan were less pronounced when administered following surgery [4].Toxicity:The most common treatment-emergent adverse events across all treatment groups were nausea, vomiting, and hypotension; the incidence of nausea and vomiting was reduced by 53 percent in thealvimopan 12-mg group [5].Clinical trial: Intercostal Nerve Block With Liposome Bupivacaine in Subjects Undergoing Posterolateral Thoracotomy. Phase 3
Z-FG-NHO-BzOME is a cysteine protease inhibitor that selectively inhibits cathepsin B, cathepsin L, cathepsin S, and papain[1].
6-Epiphysalin G is isolated from naturalPhysalis alkekengi var. francheti.[1].
PonatiLink-1-24 is an Abelson murine leukemia (ABL) enzyme inhibitor[1].
H-Phe-OtBu.HCl is a phenylalanine derivative[1].
K-Ras(G12C) inhibitor 12 is a K-Ras(G12C) inhibitor, the half-maximum effective concentration (EC50) for K-Ras(G12C) inhibitor 12 in H1792 cells is 0.32 μM.IC50 value: 0.32 μM (EC50)Target: K-RasBinding of K-Ras(G12C) inhibitor 12 to K-Ras(G12C) disrupts both switch-I and switch-II, subverting the native nucleotide preference to favour GDP over GTP and impairing binding to Raf. In the absence of K-Ras(G12C) inhibitor 12, K-Ras(G12C) shows a slight preference for GTP (relative affinity 0.6).
IRAK-1-4 Inhibitor I is an inhibitor of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1/4 (IRAK 1/4) with IC50s of 0.2 μM and 0.3 μM, respectively.
K-Ras(G12C) inhibitor 6 is an irreversible, allosteric inhibitor of the K-Ras(G12C)[1].
Pimecrolimus is an immunophilin ligand, which binds specifically to the cytosolic receptor, immunophilin macrophilin-12.Target: OthersPimecrolimus blocks T-lymphocyte activation pathway by inhibiting calcineurin function [1]. Pimecrolimus prevents the release of cytokines and pro-inflammatory mediators from mast cells. Pimecrolimus binds to macrophilin-12, the pimecrolimusmacrophilin complex then binds to the cytosolic enzyme calcineurin phosphatase. The pimecrolimus-macrophilin complex prevents the dephosphorylation of the cytoplasmic component of the nuclear factor of activated T cells by inhibiting the action of calcineurin. Pimecrolimus inhibits not only the transcription and synthesis of cytokines from mast cells, but also the release of preformed mediators serotonin and β-hexosaminidase by the inhibition of Fcε-RI-mediated degranulation and secretion. Pimecrolimus treatment causes a strong down-regulation of the expression of mRNA for genes associated with the macrolactam target pathway and inflammation [2].Pimecrolimus is found to be as effective as cyclosporine A following oral ingestion and slightly superior after subcutaneous administration in mice. Pimecrolimus contrasts cyclosporine A and tacrolimus by inhibiting ongoing secondary inflammatory response, but not impairing the primary immune response in allergic contact dermatitis in mice. [2] Pimecrolimus is as effective as the high-potency corticosteroid clobetasol-17-propionate in a pig model of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). Pimecrolimus also effectively reduces skin inflammation and pruritus in hypomagnesemic hairless rats, a model that mimics acute signs of atopic dermatitis [3].
TASK-1-IN-1 is a potent and selective TASK-1 (Potassium Channel) inhibitor with an IC50 of 148 nM. TASK-1-IN-1 shows a reduced inhibition of TASK-3 channels (IC50 of 1750 nM) and not a significant effect on other K+ channels. TASK-1-IN-1 has anticancer effects[1].
Yadanziolide B, a natural indole alkaloid, is a potential H5N1 neuraminidase inhibitor[1][2].
LY2510924 is a potent and selective CXCR4 antagonist; blocks SDF-1 binding to CXCR4 with an IC50 of 0.079 nM.
6-Fluorotryptophan, a competitive inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase, produced a transient disruption of sleep in rats chronically implanted with EEG recording electrodes[1].
DL-Tartaric acid is a non-racemic mixture of L- and D-tartaric acids with antioxidant activities[1][2].
Paederoside is a monoterpene S-methyl thiocarbonate isolated from Paederia pertomentosa. Paederoside shows a high anti-tumor promoting activity against the Epstein-Barr virus activation[1].
ZEN-2759 is BRD4(BD1) inhibitor.
Patent Blue V has been widely used in sentinel lymph node mapping. Patent Blue V is also a food coloring agent and an alternative dye for trypan blue (TB) in descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK)[1].
Dithranol is highly effective in the treatment of psoriasis.Target: OthersDithranol accumulates in mitochondria where it interferes with the supply of energy to the cell, probably by the oxidation of dithranol releasing free radicals. This impedes DNA replication and so slows the excessive cell division that occurs in psoriatic plaques. In addition Dithranol may act by reducing the elevated levels of cGMP that occurs in psoriasis.
NC1 is a novel highly active allosteric inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 22 (PTPN22) which is a lymphoid-specific tyrosine phosphatase (LYP).
Indole-d7 is the deuterium labeled Indole[1]. Indole is an endogenous metabolite.
Norepinephrine is a peripheral vasoconstrictor by acting on alpha-adrenergic receptors.