Darglitazone (CP-86325), a thiazolidinedione, is a potent, selective, and orally active PPAR-γ agonist. Darglitazone is effective in controlling blood glucose and lipid metabolism, and can be used for type II diabetes research[1].
Ganciclovir (BW 759) sodium, a nucleoside analogue and an orally active antiviral agent, shows activity against CMV. Ganciclovir sodium also has activity in vitro against members of the herpes group and some other DNA viruses. Ganciclovir sodium inhibits the in vitro replication of human herpes viruses (HSV 1 and 2, CMV) and adenovirus serotypes 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 19, 22 and 28. Ganciclovir sodium has an IC50 of 5.2 μM for feline herpesvirus type-1 (FHV-1)[1][2][3].
11-Oxo-α-amyrin (Neoilexonol) is a triterpenoid that can be isolated from Leonurus japonicus (Lamiaceae)[1].
4-Hydroxyretinoic acid (4-HRA) is a naturally occurring retinoid derivative with diverse biological effects. 4-Hydroxyretinoic acid is formed from retinol catalyzed by cytochrome P-450 isozyme(s), and is mainly metabolized by the liver in the body. 4-Hydroxyretinoic acid also serves as the substrate for human liver microsomal UDP-glucuronosyltransferase(s) and recombinant UGT2B7. 4-Hydroxyretinoic acid regulates gene expression and cell differentiation via binding to nuclear receptor RAR (Retinoic Acid Receptor), and activates RARs and RXR-alpha, to induce cancer cell apoptosis. In addition, 4-Hydroxyretinoic acid is also involved in various physiological processes such as immune regulation, neuroprotection, and anti-oxidation[1][2].
(S)-(-)-Propranolol hydrochloride is a β-adrenergic receptor antagonist with log Kd values of -8.16, -9.08, and -6.93 for β1, β2, and β3, respectively. (S)-(-)-Propranolol hydrochloride the active enantiomer of propranolol and can be s used for study of hypertension, pheochromocytoma, myocardial infarction, cardiac arrhythmias, angina pectoris, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy[2].
Kadsulignan N, a natural product has anti-HIV activity (EC50: 43.56 μM). Kadsulignan N is also a COX-2 ligand (Ki: 72.24 nM)[1][2].
5,6,7-Trihydroxyflavone-7-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside is a natural product that can be isolated from the root of Scutellaria repens Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don[1].
PROTAC HDAC6 degrader (Compound A6) is a potent and selective PROTAC HDAC6 degrader with a DC50 of 3.5 nM. PROTAC HDAC6 degrader shows promising antiproliferative activity via inducing apoptosis in myeloid leukemia cell lines[1].
Carmustine is an antitumor chemotherapeutic agent, which works by akylating DNA and RNA.
3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-heptamethoxyflavone, a flavonoid in C. unshiu peels, exhibits anti-tumor-initiating effect and Anti-neuroinflammatory activity[1][2][3]. 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-heptamethoxyflavone inhibits collagenase activity and increased type I procollagen content in HDFn cells[1]. 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-heptamethoxyflavone induces brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression via cAMP/ERK/CREB signaling and reduces phosphodiesterase activity in C6 cells[4].
Tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphate is an active compound from the leaves of Vitex negundo L. shows anti-inflammatory activity with evidence of inhibition for secretory Phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) through molecular docking[1].
5-Aminolevulinic acid-4-13C (hydrochloride) is the 13C labeled 5-Aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride[1]. 5-Aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride (5-ALA hydrochloride) is an intermediate in heme biosynthesis in the body and the universal precursor of tetrapyrroles[2][3].
(R)-2-((tert-Butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)propanoic acid is a phenylalanine derivative[1].
RAD51-IN-4 is a potent inhibitor of RAD51. RAD51 is a eukaryote gene. RAD51-IN-4 has the potential for the research of conditions involving mitochondrial defects (extracted from patent WO2019014315A1, compound R12)[1].
(Z)-GW 5074 is a compound which interacts with both mHTT (mutant huntingtin protein) and LC3, but not but not with the wild-type HTT protein. (Z)-GW 5074 inhibits c-Raf, shows no effect on autophagy, and is effective for neurodegenerative disorder[1].
Resolvin D2 is a metabolite of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), with anti-inflammatory, anti-infective activities. Resolvin D2 is a potent regulator of leukocytes and controls microbial sepsis. Resolvin D2 is a remarkably potent inhibitor of TRPV1 (IC50 = 0.1 nM) and TRPA1 (IC50 = 2 nM) in primary sensory neurons[1][2][3].
AX-024 is an cytokine release inhibitor which can strongly inhibit the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), IL-10 and IL-17A.
5-Valine-angiotensin I is an Ang I peptide belonging to angiotensin I. 5-Valine-angiotensin I induces muscle contraction, can be used for renin-angiotensin system studies. Angiotensin I is a putative neurotransmitter, is the precursor of angiotensin II and of angiotensin fragment 1-7, which are involved in regulation of fluid volume and the release of aldosterone[1][2].
CVN417 is an orally active α6 subunit-containing nAChR antagonist, modulating phasic dopaminergic neurotransmission in an impulse-dependent manner. CVN417 inhibits Ca(2+) effluents mediated by nAChR subunits with IC50s of 0.086 μM (α6), 2.56 μM (α3) and 0.657 μM (α4), respectively. CVN417 attenuates resting tremor in Rodent models, displays the potential to improve movement dysfunction, in conditions such as Parkinson's disease[1].
Pifithrin-β is a potent p53 inhibitor with an IC50 of 23 μM.
Farampator-d10 (CX-691-d10) is the deuterium labeled Farampator. Farampator (CX-691) is an AMPA receptor positive modulator.
Pirimiphos-methyl is a rapid-acting organophosphorus insecticide and acaricide, causing inhibition of AChE in target organisms. Pirimiphos-methyl is often used for prevention and control of beetles, snout beetles, moths and Ephestia cautella during storage of agricultural grains[1][2][3].
Valacyclovir is an antiviral drug used in the management of herpes simplex, herpes zoster, and herpes B. IC50 Value: 2.9 microg/ml (for HSV-1 W)[4]. Target: HSV infectionin vitro: VACV uptake was concentration dependent and saturable with a Michaelis-Menten constant and maximum velocity of 1.64 +/- 0.06 mM and 23.34 +/- 0.36 nmol/mg protein/5 min, respectively. A very similar Km value was obtained in hPEPT1/CHO cells and in rat and rabbit tissues and Caco-2 cells, suggesting that hPEPT1 dominates the intestinal transport properties of VACV in vitro [5]. in vivo: For treatment of a first episode of genital herpes, a large comparative trial has shown that valacyclovir (1 g twice a day) is as effective as acyclovir (200 mg five times a day) when given for 10 days. For treating recurrences, two trials show that valacyclovir is as effective as acyclovir (200 mg five times a day) with a treatment period of 5 days. A daily dose of 1 g of valacyclovir is as effective as 2 g daily. Valacyclovir can be administered once a day[1]. The concentrations of acyclovir in serum and CSF were measured at steady state after 6 days of oral treatment with 1,000 mg of valacyclovir three times a day [2]. EC50 values of PE and AC in 3T3 cells were 0.02 and 0.01 ug/ml, while values in BHK cells were 0.2 and 0.03 ug/ml. Treatment of infected immunosuppressed mice and FA and VA (b.i.d., 5.5 days) reduced the proportion with erythema from 100% to 24% and 38%, and eliminated ear paralysis, ear lesions (vesicles, etc) and death. Virus was absent from ear and brainstem by day 6, but reappeared after discontinuation in mice treated with VA [3].Clinical trial: Evaluation of Valaciclovir in Patients with Chickenpox. Phage3
13-Epimanool is the compound isolated from the bark of the Taiwan hemlock[1].
AH1 is an immunodominant antigen derived from the gp70 product of an endogenous MuLV. AH1 behaves as the CTL-immunodominant epitope of CT26 colon carcinoma[1][2].
CH6953755 is a potent, orally active and selective YES1 kinase (a member of the SRC family) inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.8 nM. CH6953755 inhibits YES1 kinase, leading to antitumor activity against YES1 Gene -amplified cancers in vitro and in vivo[1].
Nicotinamide riboside tartrate, an orally active NAD+ precursor, increases NAD+ levels and activates SIRT1 and SIRT3. Nicotinamide riboside tartrate is a source of vitamin B3 (niacin) and enhances oxidative metabolism, protection against high fat diet-induced metabolic abnormalities[1]. Nicotinamide riboside tartrate reduces cognitive deterioration in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease[2].
Sinomenine, an alkaloid extracted from Sinomenium acutum, is a blocker of the NF-κB activation[1]. Sinomenine also is an activator of μ-opioid receptor[2].
SLEC-11 acts as a potential synthetic lethal lead for the treatment of gastric cancer. AL-GDa62 shows EC50 of 12.2 μM and 8.2 μM for isogenic mammary epithelial cells MCF10A-WT (wild-type) and MCF10A-CDH1-/-[1].
Tolazamide is an oral blood glucose lowering drug used for people with Type 2 diabetes.