11(R)-HETE is a kind of arachidonic acid[1].
Mesyl Salvinorin B is a potent and selective kappa opioid receptor (KOP-r) agonist. Mesyl Salvinorin B prevents the ADE (Alcohol deprivation effect) in mice. Mesyl Salvinorin B dose-dependently reduces alcohol intake and preference in CED (chronic escalation drinking) mice[1][2].
D-xylulose is a precursor of the pentiol D-arabitol.
Acetyl-ACTH (7-24) (human, bovine, rat) causes a marked decrease of ACTH-evoked corticosterone and aldosterone release[1].
Phosphocreatine disodium tetrahydrate, primarily found in the skeletal muscles of vertebrates and one of organic compounds known as alpha amino acids and derivatives, is a substrate for the determination of creatine kinase and used to regenerate ATP during skeletal muscle contraction[1].
Angulatin A is a natural product that can be found in Celastrus angulatus[1].
L-Ascorbic acid 2-phosphate magnesium (2-Phospho-L-ascorbic acid magnesium) is a long-acting vitamin C derivative that can stimulate collagen formation and expression[1]. L-Ascorbic acid 2-phosphate magnesium (2-Phospho-L-ascorbic acid magnesium) can be used as a culture medium supplement for the osteogenic differentiation of human adipose stem cells (hASCs). L-Ascorbic acid 2-phosphate magnesium (2-Phospho-L-ascorbic acid magnesium) increases alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and expression of runx2A in hASCs during the osteogenic differentiation[2][3].
Caloxin 2A1 is an extracellular plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase (PMCA) peptide inhibitor. Caloxin 2A1 does not affect basal Mg2+-ATPase or Na+-K+-ATPase[1].
3,4,5-Trihydroxycinnamic acid decyl ester is an excellent inhibitor of lipid absorption and accumulation, with anti-obesity properties. 3,4,5-Trihydroxycinnamic acid decyl ester is a pancreatic lipase inhibitor, with an EC50 of approximately 0.9 μM[1].
ML351 is a potent and highly specific 15-LOX-1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 200 nM. ML351 shows excellent selectivity (>250-fold) versus the related isozymes, 5-LOX, platelet 12-LOX, 15-LOX-2, ovine COX-1, and human COX-2[1]. ML351 prevents dysglycemia and reduces β-cell oxidative stress in nonobese diabetic mouse model of T1D[2].
APD597 is a GPR119 agonist intended for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, with EC50 of 46 nM for hGPR119.IC50 value: 46 nM (EC50) [1]Target: hGPR119The design and synthesis of a second generation GPR119-agonist clinical candidate for the treatment of diabetes is described. APD597 was selected for preclinical development based on a good balance between agonist potency, intrinsic activity and in particular on its good solubility and reduced drug-drug interaction potential. [1]
L-Asparagine-1,2,3,4-13C4 (monohydrate) is the 13C labeled L-Asparagine (monohydrate)[1]. L-Asparagine monohydrate ((-)-Asparagine monohydrate) is a non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue.
GLP-1R agonist 17 is a GLP-1 receptor agonist. GLP-1R agonist 17 shows excellent agonism on a GLP-1 receptor. GLP-1R agonist 17 can be used for the research of cardiovascular metabolic diseases[1].
Remogliflozin is a potent and selective inhibitor of SGLT2 (sodium-glucose cotransporter 2) with Kis of 12.4 and 26 nM for human and rat SGLT2, respectively[1].
AR231453 is a potent and selective small molecule agonist of GPR119 that enhances glucose-dependent insulin secretion and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) release; Antidiabetic agent.IC50 value: Target: GPR119in vitro: The GPR119-specific agonist AR231453 significantly increased cAMP accumulation and insulin release in both HIT-T15 cells and rodent islets. In both cases, loss of GPR119 rendered AR231453 inactive [1]. In GLUTag cells, a well-established model of intestinal L-cell function, the potent GPR119 agonist AR231453 stimulated cAMP accumulation and GLP-1 release [2].in vivo: AR231453 also enhanced glucose-dependent insulin release in vivo and improved oral glucose tolerance in wild-type mice but not in GPR119-deficient mice. Diabetic KK/A(y) mice were also highly responsive to AR231453. Orally active GPR119 agonists may offer significant promise as novel antihyperglycemic agents acting in a glucose-dependent fashion [1]. When administered in mice, AR231453 increased active GLP-1 levels within 2 min after oral glucose delivery and substantially enhanced total glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide levels. Blockade of GLP-1 receptor signaling with exendin(9-39) reduced the ability of AR231453 to improve glucose tolerance in mice [2].
D-Glucose-d12 is the deuterium labeled D-Glucose. D-Glucose (Glucose), a monosaccharide, is an important carbohydrate in biology. D-Glucose is a carbohydrate sweetener and critical components of the general metabolism, and serve as critical signaling molecules in relation to both cellular metabolic status and biotic and abiotic stress response[1].
Paquinimod is a S100A9 inhibitor, which prevents S100A9 binding to TLR-4.
Laronidase is an enzyme for the study of mucopolysaccharide type I disease research[1].
Creatinine(NSC13123) is a break-down product of creatine phosphate in muscle, and is usually produced at a fairly constant rate by the body.Target: OthersCreatinine is a breakdown product of creatine phosphate in muscle, and is usually produced at a fairly constant rate by the body (depending on muscle mass). Creatine is synthesized primarily in the liver from the methylation of glycocyamine (guanidino acetate, synthesized in the kidney from the amino acids arginine and glycine) by S-adenosyl methionine. It is then transported through blood to the other organs, muscle, and brain, where, through phosphorylation, it becomes the high-energy compound phosphocreatine. During the reaction, creatine and phosphocreatine are catalyzed by creatine kinase, and a spontaneous conversion to creatinine may occur [1]. Creatinine levels in blood and urine may be used to calculate the creatinine clearance (CrCl), which reflects the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), an important clinical index of renal function [2].
AMG-3969 is a potent glucokinase-glucokinase regulatory protein interaction (GK-GKRP) disruptor with an IC50 of 4 nM.
CCK (26-31) (sulfated) is the N-terminal fragment of CCK, a peptide hormone found in the gut and brain that stimulates digestion, regulates satiety, and is associated with anxiety[1].
18-Hydroxycortisol is an endogenous steroid that secreted by the adrenal cortex. 18-Hydroxycortisol is a cortisol derivative and a steroidogenic intermediate. 18-Hydroxycortisol can be used for primary aldosteronism (PA) research[1].
Human PTH-(1-31) is the 1-31 fragment of human PTH. Human PTH-(1-31) stimulates the release of cAMP and also is a weaker stimulator of the 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1α-hydroxylase. Human PTH-(1-31) induces bone formation without inducing bone resorption. Human PTH-(1-31) has the potential for the research of osteoporosis[1][2].
HPSE1-IN-1 (compound 16) is a selective inhibitor of Heparanase-1 (HPSE1) with moderate inhibitory activity against exo-β-d-glucuronidase (GUSβ) and glucocerebrosidase (GBA)[1].
Heptadecanoic-d33 acid is the deuterium labeled Heptadecanoic acid. Heptadecanoic acid is an odd chain saturated fatty acid (OCS-FA). Heptadecanoic acid is associated with several diseases, including the incidence of coronary heart disease, prediabetes and type 2 diabetes as well as multiple sclerosis[1].
1,2-Cyclohexanedione is an endogenous metabolite.
Rbin-1 is a potent, reversible, and specific chemical inhibitor of eukaryotic ribosome biogenesis. Rbin-1 inhibits the ATPase with GI50 of 136±7 nM.
CP-100356 hydrochloride is an orally active dual MDR1 (P-gp)/BCRP inhibitor, with an IC50s of 0.5 and 1.5 µM for inhibiting MDR1-mediated Calcein-AM transport and BCRP-mediated Prazosin transport, respectively. CP-100356 hydrochloride is also a weak inhibitor of OATP1B1 (IC50=∼66 µM). CP-100356 hydrochloride is devoid of inhibition against MRP2 and major human P450 enzymes (IC50>15 µM)[1].
Tiplaxtinin is a selective and orally efficacious inhibitor of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) with IC50 of 2.7 μM.
Erythronic acid is an endogenous metabolite of carbohydrates that can be used in the study of metabolism-related diseases. It plays a key role in the onset and improvement of hyperuricemia and is related to mitochondrial dysfunction in transaldolase deficiency[1].