Ketohexokinase inhibitor 1 is an inhibitor of ketohexokinase (KHK), with IC50s of 8.4 nM and 66 nM for KHK-C and KHK-A, respectively, extracted from patent US 20170183328 A1, example 4.
FAA1 agonist-1 is a potent free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFA1/ GPR40) agonist with a pEC50 of 7.54.
Luseogliflozin (TS 071) is a potent, selective, orally active sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter (SGLT) 2 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 2.26 nM, about 1765-fold selectivity over SGLT1 (IC50, 3990 nM). Luseogliflozin has the protential for treating type 2 diabetes.
Tangshenoside I, isolated from the roots of Codonopsis lanceolata, exhibits weak α-glucosidase inhibitory activities in vitro with an IC50 of 1.4 mM[1].
Repaglinide D5 (AG-EE 623ZW D5) is deuterium labeled Repaglinide. Repaglinide is an insulin secretagogue for the treatment of type-2 diabetes mellitus[1].
Biotin (Vitamin B7) sodium is a water-soluble B vitamin and serves as a coenzyme for five carboxylases in humans, involved in the synthesis of fatty acids, isoleucine, and valine, and in gluconeogenesis. Biotin sodium is necessary for cell growth, the production of fatty acids, and the metabolism of fats and amino acids[1][2][3].
Compound 2 is an active compound used for the research of metabolic bone diseases.
L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (2-Phospho-L-ascorbic acid) is a long-acting vitamin C derivative that can stimulate collagen formation and expression[1]. L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (2-Phospho-L-ascorbic acid) can be used as a culture medium supplement for the osteogenic differentiation of human adipose stem cells (hASCs). L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate increases alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and expression of runx2A in hASCs during the osteogenic differentiation[2][3].
(±)-Lisofylline ((±)-Lisophylline) is the racemate of Lisofylline. Lisofylline inhibits the generation of phosphatidic acid and free fatty acids. Lisofylline also blocks the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in oxidative tissue injury, in response to cancer chemotherapy and in experimental sepsis. Lisofylline can be used for Type 1 diabetes research[1].
3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of many food products, including beer, nuts, peanut, and pulses.
Phosphorylase b is one of the two forms of phosphorylase present in skeletal muscle. The other is Phosphorylase a, which can be transformed into one another. The conversion process requires the addition of divalent metal ions and ATP[1].
Quinoline-2-carboxylic acid-d6 is the deuterium labeled Quinoline-2-carboxylic acid[1]. Quinoline-2-carboxylic acid is an endogenous metabolite.
3-Methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one is an endogenous metabolite.
SHU 9119 is a potent human melanocortin 3 and 4 receptors (MC3/4R) antagonist and a partial MC5R agonist; with IC50 values of 0.23, 0.06, and 0.09 nM for human MC3R, MC4R and MC5R, respectively.
L-Biotin, also known as biotin, is a water-soluble vitamin that is an essential cofactor in the carboxylation of several enzymes. L-Biotin is involved in fatty acid synthesis and amino acid metabolism[1].
QM295 is an endoplasmic reticulum oxidation 1 (ERO1) inhibitor with selectively reversible thiol reactivity. QM295 can be used for the research of endoplasmic reticulum stress[1].
Methyl 3-phenylpropanoate is an endogenous metabolite.
DG051 is a potent leukotriene A4 hydrolase inhibitor of leukotriene B4 biosynthesis in the enzyme assay with an IC50=47 nM.
1,4-Butanediamine is an indicator of pollution-induced stress in higher plants: barley and rape stressed with Cr(III) or Cr(VI). 1,4-Butanediamine is an important source of GABA.
23,24-Dihydroisocucurbitacin D (compound 22) is a cucurbitacin[1].
3,5-Dihydroxyacetophenone is an endogenous metabolite.
Palmitic acid-13C16 sodium is the 13C-labeled Palmitic acid sodium. Palmitic acid sodium is a long-chain saturated fatty acid commonly found in both animals and plants. Palmitic acid sodium can induce the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) in in mouse granulosa cells[1][2].
6-Raloxifene-β-D-glucopyranoside, a derivative of Raloxifene, is a benzothiophene glucuronidated at the 6' postion. 6-Raloxifene-β-D-glucopyranoside is a selective and orally active estrogen receptor antagonist. 6-Raloxifene-β-D-glucopyranoside can be used for inhibiting bone loss and resorption, and lowering lipid levels. 6'-Raloxifene-β-D-glucopyranoside, compound Ia, is extracted from patent US5567820A[1].
Lanifibranor is a pan peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonist with EC50s of 1.5, 0.87 and 0.21 μM for human PPARα, PPARσ and PPARγ, respectively.
Dimethyl biphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxylate-d8 is the deuterium labeled Dimethyl biphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxylate[1]. Dimethyl biphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxylate (Biphenyl dimethyl dicarboxylate) is a hepatoprotectant obtained from Schizandra fructus and may induce a signal transduction similar to that associated with IFN[2].
Niacin (Vitamin B3; Nicotinic acid) hydrochloride is an orally active B3 vitamin that is an essential nutrient for humans. Niacin hydrochloride plays a key role in energy metabolism, cell signaling cascades regulating gene expression and apoptosis. Niacin hydrochloride is also used in the study of cardiovascular diseases[1][2].
PPARα-MO-1 is a potent PPARα modulator extracted from patent WO/2004/110982A1, formula I.
Gly-β-MCA, a bile acid, is a potent, sable, intestine-selective and oral bioactive farnesoid X receptor (FXR) inhibitor that may be a candidate for the treatment of metabolic disorders[1].
11-Dehydro-thromboxane B2 is a platelet hemagglutinin. Thromboxane inhibition was assessed by urinary excretion levels of 11-Dehydro-thromboxane B2. 11-Dehydro-thromboxane B2 can be used in the study of atherosclerotic thrombosis[1][2].