HC-030031 is a potent and selective TRPA1 inhibitor, which antagonizes AITC- and formalin-evoked calcium influx with IC50s of 6.2±0.2 and 5.3±0.2 μM, respectively.
Gavestinel (GV 150526) is a potent, selective, orally active and non-competitive antagonist of NMDA receptor. Gavestinel binds to the glycine site of the NMDA receptor, with a pKi of 8.5. Gavestinel can be used for the research of acute ischemic stroke[1].
CNV1014802(GSK-1014802) is a novel small molecule state-dependent sodium channel blocker; Nav1.7 sodium channel inhibitor.IC50 value: Target: sodium channel blockerLike lamotrigine, both GSK2 and GSK3 were able to prevent the deficit in reversal learning produced by PCP, thus confirming their potential in the treatment of cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. However, higher doses than those required for anticonvulsant efficacy of the drugs were needed for activity in the reversal-learning model, suggesting a lower therapeutic window relative to mechanism-dependent central side effects for this indication. CNV1014802 received orphan-drug designation from the US Food and Drug Administration in July 2013.
Dynorphin A (1-10) an endogenous opioid neuropeptide, binds to extracellular loop 2 of the κ-opioid receptor. Dynorphin A (1-10) also blocks NMDA-activated current with an IC50 of 42.0 μM.
GSK-7975A is a potent and orally available CRAC channel inhibitor.
Felbamate hydrate (FBM) is a potent nonsedative anticonvulsant whose clinical effect may be related to the inhibition of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) .Target: NMDA ReceptorFelbamate (marketed under the brand name Felbatol by MedPointe) is an anti-epileptic drug used in the treatment of epilepsy. It is used to treat partial seizures (with and without generalization) in adults and partial and generalized seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome in children. However, an increased risk of potentially fatal aplastic anemia and/or liver failure limit the drugs usage to severe refractory epilepsy.Felbamate has been proposed to a unique dual mechanism of action as a positive modulator of GABAA receptors and as a blocker of NMDA receptors, particularly isoforms containing the NR2B subunit. Although it is clear that felbamate does cause pharmacological inhibition of NMDA receptor of relevance of NMDA receptor blockade as a strategy for the treatment of human epilepsy has been questioned. Therefore, the importance of the effects of felbamate on NMDA receptors to its therapeutic action in epilepsy is uncertain.
NMDA receptor modulator 5 (Compound 195) is a potent NMDA receptor modulator. NMDA receptor modulator 5 can be used for neurological disorder research[1].
Manidipine 2Hcl (CV-4093) is a dihydropyridine compound and a calcium channel blocker for Ca2+ current with IC50 of 2.6 nM. IC50 value: 2.6 nMTarget: calcium channelManidipine is described to block T-type Ca2+ channels specifically and is also described to have a high selectivity for the vasculature, presenting negligible cardiodepression as compared to other Ca2+ channel antagonists. Manidipine is also described to not significantly affect norepinephrine levels, suggesting a lack of sympathetic activation with this compound. Manidipine reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion in human endothelial cells and macrophages. Manidipine, unlike other third-generation dihydropyridine derived drugs, blocks T-type calcium channels present in the efferent glomerular arterioles, reducing intraglomerular pressure and microalbuminuria.
TCN 213 is a selective, surmountable, glycine-dependentlly GluN1/GluN2A NMDAR antagonist with IC50s of 0.55, 3.5, 40 μM in the presence of 75, 750, 7500 nM glycine, respectively. TCN 213 can be used to monitor, pharmacologically, the switch in NMDAR expression in developing cortical neurones[1][2].
YS 035 hydrochloride is a Ca2+ antagonist on cellular uptake and mitochondrial efflux of calcium ions. YS 035 hydrochloride inhibits Ca2+ uptake by muscle cells and inhibits Na+/Ca2+ exchange (Ki=28 µM). YS 035 hydrochloride is a useful tool for research on the mitochondrial Ca2+ transport[1].
Vernakalant hydrochloride is a mixed voltage- and frequency-dependent Na+ and atria-preferred K+ channel blocker. IC50 for block by Vernakalant of wild-type and mutant Kv1.5 channels Fractional block is 13.35±0.93 μM, 0.61±0.03 μM, and 1.63±0.09 μM for Kv1.5 channelwt, Kv1.5 channelI508F, Kv1.5 channelT479A, respectively.
Terodiline hydrochloride is an M1-selective muscarinic receptor (mAChR) antagonist with Kbs of 15, 160, 280, and 198 nM in rabbit vas deferens (M1), atria (M2), bladder (M3) and ileal muscle (M3), respectively. Terodiline hydrochloride also is a Ca2+ blocker. Terodiline hydrochloride acts as a treatment for urinary frequency and urge incontinence[1].
Chlorpromazine D6 hydrochloride is the deuterium labeled Chlorpromazine. Chlorpromazine is an inhibitor of dopamine receptor, 5-HT receptor, potassium channel, sodium channel.
Tenatoprazole sodium (TU-199 sodium) is a proton pump inhibitor; inhibits hog gastric H+/K+-ATPase with an IC50 of 6.2 μM.
BPAM344 is a kainate receptor (KAR) subunits GluK1b, GluK2a, and GluK3a positive allosteric modulator (PAM)[1].
TCN 201 is a potent, selective and non-competitive antagonist of GluN1/GluN2A NMDAR. TCN 201 antagonism is dependent on the GluN1-agonist concentration. TCN 201 allows pharmacological identification of native GluN2A-containing NMDAR populations[1].
Nisoxetine is a potent and selective inhibitor of noradrenaline transporter (NET), with a Kd of 0.76 nM. Nisoxetine is an antidepressant and local anesthetic, it can block voltage-gated sodium channels[1][2][3].
Ocinaplon (DOV 273547) is a partial GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator with relatively high efficacy at the α1 subunit[1].
Tetrandrine is a bis-benzyl-isoquinoline alkaloid, which inhibits voltage-gated Ca2+ current (ICa) and Ca2+-activated K+ current.
Co 102862 (V 102862) is a potent, broad-spectrum, state-dependent Na+ channel blocker. Co 102862 is also an orally active anticonvulsant[1].
CX546 is a selective positive AMPAR modulator; the prototypical ampakine agent.IC50 value:Target: AMPAR agonistin vitro: Treatments with the ampakine CX614 markedly and reversibly increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA and protein levels in cultured rat entorhinal/hippocampal slices [1]. in contrast to cyclothiazide or IDRA 21, the Ampakine CX546 binds specifically to the agonist bound nondesensitized receptor, most likely acting by destabilizing the desensitized receptor conformation [2]. In binding tests, CX546 caused an approximately 2-fold increase in the affinity for radiolabeled agonists, whereas CX516 was ineffective [3]. in vivo: Intraperitoneal injections of CX546 increased hippocampal BDNF mRNA levels in aged rats and middle-aged mice [1]. Administration of the positive modulator of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid receptors (AMPAR), CX546, during the conditioning phase only, improved the disrupted LI in mGluR5 knockout mice and facilitated LI in control C57BL/6J mice, given extended number of conditioning trails (four conditioning stimulus-unconditioned stimulus) [4].
N-Acetylprocainamide (Acecainide) hydrochloride is a class III antiarrhythmic, which blocks K+ channels[1].
UBP608 is a potent N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) negative allosteric modulator. UBP608 has the potential for the research of neurological disorders[1].
CCMI is a potent and selective α7 nAChR-positive allosteric modulator, does not bind to or activate α7 nAChRs via the orthosteric site, and causes significant positive modulation of agonist-induced currents at α7 nAChRs. CCMI has potential in CNS diseases with cognitive dysfunction[1].
Phenyl benzoate is a benzoate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with benzoic acid. Phenyl benzoate is a chloride transport blocker, inhibits Cl--dependent Glu accumulation into vesicles. Phenyl benzoate can be used as preservative in cosmetic products[1][2].
Calcium Channel antagonist 4 (compound 189) is an inhibitor of voltage-gated calcium channels with an IC50 value of 5-20μM[1].
Cinnarizine D8 is a deuterium labeled Cinnarizine. Cinnarizine is an antihistamine and a calcium channel blocker.
P2X3 antagonist 34 is a potent, selective and orally active P2X3 homotrimeric receptor antagonist with IC50s of 25 nM, 92 nM and 126 nM for human P2X3, rat P2X3 and guinea pig P2X3 receptors, respectively. P2X3 antagonist 34 is less active against human, rat and guinea pig P2X2/3 heterotrimeric receptors. P2X3 antagonist 34 has strong anti-tussive effect[1].
Norverapamil is a calcium channel blocker， it is the main active metabolite of verapamil.In vitro: Norverapamil is similarly effective as verapamil at inhibiting isoniazid and rifampicin tolerance and killing of intracellular M. tuberculosis in the absence of other drugs. norverapamil, also inhibits macrophage-induced tolerance and achieves similar serum levels to verapamil.[1] Norverapamil (NOR) is the major metabolite and shows approximately 20% of the efficacy of VER with regard to the vasodilation effect, but shows no antiarrhythmic activity. [2] Verapamil and its major metabolite norverapamil were identified to be both mechanism-based inhibitors and substrates of CYP3A and reported to have non-linear pharmacokinetics in clinic. [3]
Hydrochlorothiazid-13C,d2 is the 13C- and deuterium labeled. Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), an orally active diuretic drug of the thiazide class, inhibits transforming TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. Hydrochlorothiazide has direct vascular relaxant effects via opening of the calcium-activated potassium (KCA) channel. Hydrochlorothiazide improves cardiac function, reduces fibrosis and has antihypertensive effect[1][2][3].