COX-2-IN-32 (Compound 2f) is an iNOS and COX-2 inhibitor. COX-2-IN-32 decreases the expression of NF-κB. COX-2-IN-32 has anti-inflammatory activity by inhibits NO production in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages (IC50: 11.2 μM)[1].
L-Arginine-1,2-13C2 ((S)-(+)-Arginine-1,2-13C2) hydrochloride is the 13C-labeled L-Arginine hydrochloride. L-Arginine hydrochloride ((S)-(+)-Arginine hydrochloride) is the nitrogen donor for synthesis of nitric oxide, a potent vasodilator that is deficient during times of sickle cell crisis.
Dimethoxycurcumin is a derivative of curcumin that has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities[1][2].
NF-κB/MAPK-IN-1 (compound 11a) is a potent inhibitor of NF-κB and MAPK pathway. NF-κB/MAPK-IN-1 shows inhibitory activity against NO production, with an IC50 of 6.96 µM. NF-κB/MAPK-IN-1 suppresses LPS-induced iNOS, COX-2, ERΚ and P38 signaling activation. NF-κB/MAPK-IN-1 can prevent LPS induced inflammatory response in macrophages. NF-κB/MAPK-IN-1 can be used for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) research[1].
Alismol is a natural sesquiterpene. Alismol shows promising inhibitory effects on INF-γ-induced nitric oxide production in murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells[1].
Bryonolic acid is an active triterpenoid compound with immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anticancer activities[1][2][3].
1400W dihydrochloride is a potent and selective inhibitor of human inducible NO synthase with Ki values of 7 nM.
Pectolinarin, isolated from Cirsium chanroenicum, possesses anti-inflammatory activity[1]. Pectolinarin inhibits secretion of IL-6 and IL-8, as well as the production of PGE2 and NO. Pectolinarin suppresses cell proliferation and inflammatory response and induces apoptosis via inactivation of the PI3K/Akt pathway[2].
Luteolin 5-O-glucoside, a major flavonoidfrom Cirsium maackii, possesses anti-inflammatory activity. Luteolin 5-O-glucoside inhibits LPS-induced NO production and t-BHP-induced ROS generation. Luteolin 5-O-glucoside suppresses the expression of iNOS and COX-2 in macrophages[1].
S-MTC (S-Methyl-L-thiocitrulline) dihydrochloride is a selective type I nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor.
AVE-3085 is a potent endothelial nitric oxide synthase enhancer, used for cardiovascular disease treatment.
3-Bromo-7-nitroindazole is a more potent and selective inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) than eNOS or inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). 3-Bromo-7-nitroindazole affects the intercellular messenger nitric oxide (NO) synthesis throughout the body and brain[1].
PPM-18 (NSC 73233), a potent anti-inflammatory agent, inhibits nitric oxide synthase expression. PPM-18 is a potent inhibitor of iNOS expression by blocking the binding of NF-κB to promoter[1]. PPM-18, an analog of Vitamin K, induces autophagy and apoptosis in bladder cancer cells through ROS and AMPK signaling pathways[2].
Amtolmetin guacil is an effective nonsteroidal anti-Inflammatory agent with pain-relieving effects. Amtolmetin guacil inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and cyclooxygenase (COX). Amtolmetin guacil can stimulate capsaicin receptors present on the gastrointestinal wall and also releases gastroprotective nitric oxide (NO). Amtolmetin guacil can be used to research knee osteoarthritis[1][2].
L-NIL dihydrochloride is an inducible NO synthase inhibitor, with an IC50 of 3.3 μM for miNOS[1][2][3].
L-Arginine is the nitrogen donor for synthesis of nitric oxide, a potent vasodilator that is deficient during times of sickle cell crisis.Target: OthersArginine is an α-amino acid. It was first isolated in 1886. The L-form is one of the 20 most common natural amino acids. At the level of molecular genetics, in the structure of the messenger ribonucleic acid mRNA, CGU, CGC, CGA, CGG, AGA, and AGG, are the triplets of nucleotide bases or codons that code for arginine during protein synthesis. In mammals, arginine is classified as a semiessential or conditionally essential amino acid, depending on the developmental stage and health status of the individual.L-Arginine is associated with a decrease in cardiac index while stroke index is maintained in patients with severe sepsis. Resolution of shock at 72 hours is achieved by 40% and 24% of the patients in the L-Arginine and placebo cohorts, respectively. L-Arginine (450 mg/kg during a 15-minute period) amplifies and sustains the hyperemia (38%) and increases absolute brain blood flow after eNOS upregulation by chronic simvastatin treatment (2 mg/kg subcutaneously, daily for 14 days) in SV-129 mice.
Agmatine sulfate exerts modulatory action at multiple molecular targets, such as neurotransmitter systems, ion channels and nitric oxide synthesis. It is an endogenous agonist at imidazoline receptor and a NO synthase inhibitor.
3-O-Acetyl-16α-hydroxydehydrotrametenolic acid, an anti-inflammatory triterpenoid, inhibits NO production and iNOS expression in LPS-stimulated Raw264.7 cells[1].
Avanafil (TA-1790) dibenzenesulfonate is a potent and selective phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitor with IC50 values of 5.2 nM, 630 nM, 5700 nM, 6200 nM, 12000 nM, 27000 nM, 51000 nM and 53000 nM for PDE-5, PDE-6, PDE-4, PDE-10, PDE-8, PDE-7, PDE-2 and PDE-1, respectively. Avanafil dibenzenesulfonate activates NO/cGMP/PKG signaling-pathway to decrease loss in BMD, bone atrophy, and oxidative stress. Avanafil dibenzenesulfonate inhibits cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) hydrolysis and thus increases cGMP levels. Avanafil dibenzenesulfonate can be used for the research of erectile dysfunction and osteoporosis[1][2][3].
Isophysalin A is a physalin with alpha and beta unsaturated ketone components. Isophysalin A binds to GSH and targets multiple cysteine residues on IKKβ. Isophysalin A also inhibits inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and nitric oxide (NO) production, showing anti-inflammatory activity[1].
Carboxy-PTIO is a potent nitric oxide (NO) scavenger that can make a quick reaction with NO to produce NO2. Carboxy-PTIO can prevent hypotension and endotoxic shock through the direct scavenging action against NO in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated rat model[1][2][3].
L-NMMA acetate is a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor of all NOS isoforms including NOS1, NOS2, and NOS3. The Ki values for nNOS (rat), eNOS (human), and iNOS (mouse) are approximately 0.18, 0.4, and 6 µM, respectively.
Flazin is a non-enzymatic protein glycation inhibitor, also inhibits peroxynitrite (ONOO-), with an IC50 value of 85.31 μM for bovine serum albumin (BSA) glycation and an EC50 value of 71.99 μM for ONOO-. Flazin can be used for researching diabetes and neuronal disorders. Flazin also can used as a lipid droplet (LD) regulator against lipid disorders, and a xanthine oxidase (XOD) inhibitor[1][2][3].
7-Ethoxyresorufin-d5 is deuterium labeled 7-Ethoxyresorufin. 7-Ethoxyresorufin (Resorufin ethyl ether) is a fluorometric substrate and competitive inhibitor of cytochrome P450, especially CYP1A1. 7-Ethoxyresorufin also inhibits NO synthase[1][2].
D-NAME (D-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester) hydrochloride is a potent nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor. D-NAME hydrochloride inhibits the activity of NOS, reducing the production of nitric oxide[1].
(S)-ZLc002 is a S-enantiomer of ZLc-002. ZLc-002 is a selective inhibitor of nNOS-Capon coupling. ZLc-002 suppresses inflammatory nociception and chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain[1].
NOS-IN-1 is a potent and orally active NO synthase (NOS) isoforms inhibitor with IC50s of 0.1 μM, 1.1 μM, and 0.2 μM for human iNOS (hiNOS), heNOS and hnNOS, respectively[1].
Longiferone B is a daucane sesquiterpene, that can be isolated from Boesenbergia longiflora rhizomes. Longiferone B shows anti-inflammatory activity against NO release with an IC50 of 21.0 μM. Longiferone B also suppresses the iNOS and COX-2 mRNA expression[1].
L-NIO dihydrochloride is a potent, non-selective and NADPH-dependent nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, with Kis of 1.7, 3.9, 3.9 μM for neuronal (nNOS), endothelial (eNOS), and inducible (iNOS), respectively[1][2]. L-NIO dihydrochloride induces a consistentfocal ischemic infarctin rats[2].
Chloranthalactone B, a lindenane-type sesquiterpenoid, is a nature product that could be isolated from Chinese medicinal herb Sarcandra glabra. Chloranthalactone B inhibits the production of inflammatory mediators by inhibiting the AP-1 and p38 MAPK pathways[1].