Cell Cycle includes many processes necessary for successful self-replication, and consists of DNA synthesis (S) and mitosis (M) phases separated by gap phases in the order G1–S–G2–M. S phase and M phase are usually separated by gap phases called G1 and G2, when cell-cycle progression can be regulated by various intracellular and extracellular signals. In order to move from one phase of its life cycle to the next, a cell must pass through numerous checkpoints. At each checkpoint, specialized proteins determine whether the necessary conditions exist. Progression through G1 phase is controlled by pRB proteins, and phosphorylation of pRB proteins by CDKs releases E2F factors, promoting the transition to S phase. The G2/M transition that commits cells to division is a default consequence of initiating the cell cycle at the G1/S transition, many proteins, such Wee1, PLK1 and cdc25, is involved the regulation of this process. The best-understood checkpoints are those activated by DNA damage and problems with DNA replication.

DNA damage response (DDR) is a series of regulatory events including DNA damage, cell-cycle arrest, regulation of DNA replication, and repair or bypass of DNA damage to ensure the maintenance of genomic stability and cell viability. Genome instability arises if cells initiate mitosis when chromosomes are only partially replicated or are damaged by a double-strand DNA break (DSB). To prevent cells with damaged DNA from entering mitosis, ATR inhibits cyclin B/Cdk1 activation by stimulating the Cdk1 inhibitory kinase Wee1 and inhibiting Cdc25C via Chk1, besides, ATM and ATR also initiate DNA repair by phosphorylating several other substrates.

In cancer cells, the cell cycle regulators as well as other elements of the DDR pathway have been found to protect tumor cells from different stresses and to promote tumor progression. Thus, cell cycle proteins that directly regulate cell cycle progression (such as CDKs), as well as checkpoint kinases, Aurora kinases and PLKs, are promising targets in cancer therapy.

References:
[1] Rhind N, et al. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2012 Oct; 4(10): a005942.
[2] Duronio RJ, et al. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2013 Mar; 5(3): a008904.
[3] Liu W, et al. Mol Cancer. 2017 Mar 14;16(1):60.
[4] Ghelli Luserna di Rora' A, et al. J Hematol Oncol. 2017 Mar 29;10(1):77.


Anti-infection >
Arenavirus Bacterial CMV Enterovirus Filovirus Fungal HBV HCV HIV HSV Influenza Virus Parasite Reverse Transcriptase RSV SARS-CoV
Antibody-drug Conjugate >
ADC Cytotoxin ADC Linker Drug-Linker Conjugates for ADC PROTAC-linker Conjugate for PAC
Apoptosis >
Apoptosis Bcl-2 Family c-Myc Caspase DAPK Ferroptosis IAP MDM-2/p53 PKD RIP kinase Survivin Thymidylate Synthase TNF Receptor
Autophagy >
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Antifolate APC ATM/ATR Aurora Kinase Casein Kinase CDK Checkpoint Kinase (Chk) CRISPR/Cas9 Deubiquitinase DNA Alkylator/Crosslinker DNA-PK DNA/RNA Synthesis Eukaryotic Initiation Factor (eIF) G-quadruplex Haspin Kinase HDAC HSP IRE1 Kinesin LIM Kinase (LIMK) Microtubule/Tubulin Mps1 Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog p97 PAK PARP PERK Polo-like Kinase (PLK) PPAR RAD51 ROCK Sirtuin SRPK Telomerase TOPK Topoisomerase Wee1
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Metabolic Enzyme/Protease >
15-PGDH 5 alpha Reductase 5-Lipoxygenase Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Acyltransferase Adenosine Deaminase Adenosine Kinase Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) Aldose Reductase Aminopeptidase Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE) ATGL ATP Citrate Lyase Carbonic Anhydrase Carboxypeptidase Cathepsin CETP COMT Cytochrome P450 Dipeptidyl Peptidase Dopamine β-hydroxylase E1/E2/E3 Enzyme Elastase Enolase FAAH FABP Factor Xa Farnesyl Transferase Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) FXR Glucokinase GSNOR Gutathione S-transferase HCV Protease Hexokinase HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase HIV Integrase HIV Protease HMG-CoA Reductase (HMGCR) HSP Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) Lactate Dehydrogenase LXR MAGL Mineralocorticoid Receptor Mitochondrial Metabolism MMP Nampt NEDD8-activating Enzyme Neprilysin PAI-1 PDHK PGC-1α Phosphatase Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Phospholipase Procollagen C Proteinase Proteasome Pyruvate Kinase RAR/RXR Renin ROR Ser/Thr Protease SGK Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD) Thrombin Tryptophan Hydroxylase Tyrosinase Xanthine Oxidase
Neuronal Signaling >
5-HT Receptor AChE Adenosine Kinase Amyloid-β Beta-secretase CaMK CGRP Receptor COMT Dopamine Receptor Dopamine Transporter FAAH GABA Receptor GlyT iGluR Imidazoline Receptor mAChR Melatonin Receptor Monoamine Oxidase nAChR Neurokinin Receptor Opioid Receptor Serotonin Transporter γ-secretase
NF-κB >
NF-κB IKK Keap1-Nrf2 MALT1
PI3K/Akt/mTOR >
Akt AMPK ATM/ATR DNA-PK GSK-3 MELK mTOR PDK-1 PI3K PI4K PIKfyve PTEN
PROTAC >
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Protein Tyrosine Kinase/RTK >
Ack1 ALK Bcr-Abl BMX Kinase Btk c-Fms c-Kit c-Met/HGFR Discoidin Domain Receptor DYRK EGFR Ephrin Receptor FAK FGFR FLT3 IGF-1R Insulin Receptor IRAK Itk PDGFR PKA Pyk2 ROS Src Syk TAM Receptor Trk Receptor VEGFR
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Casein Kinase ERK Gli GSK-3 Hedgehog Hippo (MST) JAK Notch Oct3/4 PKA Porcupine ROCK sFRP-1 Smo STAT TGF-beta/Smad Wnt YAP β-catenin γ-secretase
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Vitamin D Related >
VD/VDR
Others >
Androgen Receptor Aromatase Estrogen Receptor/ERR Progesterone Receptor Thyroid Hormone Receptor Others

Vinorelbine

Vinorelbine is an anti-mitotic agent which inhibits the proliferation of Hela cells with IC50 of 1.25 nM.

  • CAS Number: 71486-22-1
  • MF: C45H54N4O8
  • MW: 778.932
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

20(S)-Camptothecin sodium salt

Sodium Camptothecin is a plant alkaloid, with antitumor activity. Sodium Camptothecin is a reversible inhibitor of RNA synthesis. Sodium Camptothecin is an effective inhibitor of adenovirus replication. Sodium Camptothecin inhibits DNA synthesis and, intracellularly, causes breaks in preformed viral DNA[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 25387-67-1
  • MF: C20H17N2NaO5
  • MW: 388.34900
  • Catalog: DNA/RNA Synthesis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 777.3ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 423.9ºC

CDK12-IN-E9

CDK12 inhibitor E9 S-isomer (E9, CDK12-IN-E9) is a clinical analog of THZ1 and a selective, covalent CDK12 inhibitor that is not susceptible to ABC transporter-mediated drug efflux; dose-dependently decreases phosphorylated and total RNAPII in THZ1R NB and lung cancer models, competed strongly with bio-THZ1 for binding to CDK12 at low nanomolar ranges, but not CDK7 (>1 uM); exerts its cytotoxic effects through covalent modification of cysteine 1039 of CDK12; shows more potent antiproliferative activity in THZ1R NB and lung cancer cells with IC50 ranging from 8 to 40 nM than ribociclib, palbociclib, and AZD5438.

  • CAS Number: 2020052-55-3
  • MF: C24H30N6O2
  • MW: 434.544
  • Catalog: CDK
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

3-Methylcytidine

3-Methylcytidine, a urinary nucleoside, can be used as a biomarker of four different types of cancer: lung cancer, gastric cancer, colon cancer, and breast cancer[1].

  • CAS Number: 2140-64-9
  • MF: C10H15N3O5
  • MW: 257.24300
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: 1.71g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 471.9ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 239.2ºC

3-Cyanovinylcarbazole phosphoramidite

3-Cyanovinylcarbazole phosphoramidite is an antiviral drug that inhibits the synthesis of viral DNA. The modified nucleoside in the compound is synthesized by modifying the ribonucleotide with cyano group at the C-3 position, and can be used as a phosphoric acid amide for DNA synthesis[1].

  • CAS Number: 1157899-72-3
  • MF: C50H53N4O6P
  • MW: 836.95300
  • Catalog: DNA/RNA Synthesis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

2-Chloro-6-Methoxypurine-9-beta-D-(2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro)-arabinoriboside

2-Chloro-9-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-β-D-arabinofuranosyl)-6-methoxy-9H-purine is a purine nucleoside analogue. Purine nucleoside analogs have broad antitumor activity targeting indolent lymphoid malignancies. Anticancer mechanisms in this process rely on inhibition of DNA synthesis, induction of apoptosis, etc[1].

  • CAS Number: 758705-70-3
  • MF: C11H12ClFN4O4
  • MW: 318.69
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: 1.9±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 547.9±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 285.2±32.9 °C

Auristatin PE

Auristatin PE is a novel synthetic Dolastatin 10 derivative and inhibitor of tubulin polymerization.

  • CAS Number: 149606-27-9
  • MF: C39H67N5O6
  • MW: 701.97900
  • Catalog: Microtubule/Tubulin
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

1,2,4-Triazine-3,5-dione 2-β-D-xylopyranoside

1,2,4-Triazine-3,5-dione 2-β-D-xylopyranoside is a purine nucleoside analogue. Purine nucleoside analogs have broad antitumor activity targeting indolent lymphoid malignancies. Anticancer mechanisms in this process rely on inhibition of DNA synthesis, induction of apoptosis, etc[1].

  • CAS Number: 93060-34-5
  • MF: C8H11N3O6
  • MW: 245.19
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Synstab A

Synstab A is a mitosis modulator to promote interactions between α- and β-tubulin. Synstab A can polymerizes microtubules from purified tubulin, and produces microtubule bundles in interphase cells[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 257612-36-5
  • MF: C15H13BrCl3N3O3S
  • MW: 501.61
  • Catalog: Microtubule/Tubulin
  • Density: 1.73g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

MC-Val-Cit-PAB-MMAF

MC-Val-Cit-PAB-MMAF is a drug-linker conjugate for ADC with antitumor activity by using the tubulin inhibitor, MMAF, linked via cathepsin cleavable MC-Val-Cit-PAB.

  • CAS Number: 863971-17-9
  • MF: C68H103N11O16
  • MW: 1330.61
  • Catalog: Microtubule/Tubulin
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Methyl 3’-O-benzyl xyloriboside

Methyl 3’-O-benzyl xyloriboside is a purine nucleoside analog. Purine nucleoside analogs have broad antitumor activity targeting indolent lymphoid malignancies. Anticancer mechanisms in this process rely on inhibition of DNA synthesis, induction of apoptosis, etc[1].

  • CAS Number: 201014-45-1
  • MF: C13H18O5
  • MW: 254.28
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

garenoxacin mesylate

Garenoxacin (BMS 284756) mesylate is an orally active quinolone antibiotic and Garenoxacin mesylate has a broad spectrum of activity against a wide array of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, anaerobes. Garenoxacin mesylate also inhibits Gyrase and TOPO IV[1][2][3][4].

  • CAS Number: 223652-82-2
  • MF: C24H24F2N2O7S
  • MW: 522.52
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: 1.421g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 581.5ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 305.5ºC

DJ101

A novel potent and metabolically stable tubulin inhibitor that can circumvent the drug efflux pumps responsible for multidrug resistance of existing tubulin inhibitors; demonstrates cytotoxicty in a panel of human metastatic melanoma cell lines harboring major clinically relevant mutations with IC50 of 7-10 nM, disrupts microtubule networks, suppresses anchorage-dependent melanoma colony formation, and impaires cancer cell migration; inhibits tumor growth and reduced lung metastasis in melanoma-bearing mice, also completely inhibits tumor growth in a paclitaxel-resistant xenograft mouse model.

  • CAS Number: 1803242-21-8
  • MF: C23H20N4O3
  • MW: 400.438
  • Catalog: Microtubule/Tubulin
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

DM3

DM3 (Maytansinoid DM3) is a maytansine analog bearing disulfide or thiol groups and a tubulin inhibitor, and is a cytotoxic moiety of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs)[1].

  • CAS Number: 796073-54-6
  • MF: C37H52ClN3O10S
  • MW: 766.341
  • Catalog: Microtubule/Tubulin
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 942.2±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 523.6±34.3 °C

ODN BW001

ODN BW001 is an oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN). ODN BW001 plays a regulatory role in the proliferation and activation of osteoblast[1][2].

  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

3’-β-Amino-2’,3’-dideoxy-5’-O-methoxy trityluridine

3’-β-Amino-2’,3’-dideoxy-5’-O-methoxy trityluridine is a purine nucleoside analog. Purine nucleoside analogs have broad antitumor activity targeting indolent lymphoid malignancies. Anticancer mechanisms in this process rely on inhibition of DNA synthesis, induction of apoptosis, etc[1].

  • CAS Number: 2072145-31-2
  • MF:
  • MW:
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

8-fluoro-2-(4-methylaminomethyl-phenyl)-1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-azepino[5,4,3-cd]indol-6-one acetate

Rucaparib (AG014699) acetate is an orally active, potent inhibitor of PARP proteins (PARP-1, PARP-2 and PARP-3) with a Ki of 1.4 nM for PARP1. Rucaparib acetate is a modest hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (H6PD) inhibitor. Rucaparib acetate has the potential for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) research[1][2][3][4].

  • CAS Number: 773059-23-7
  • MF: C21H22FN3O3
  • MW: 383.41600
  • Catalog: PARP
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Tenovin-1

Tenovin-1 is an inhibitor of sirtuin 1 and sirtuin 2, an activator of p53 and may have potential in the management of cancer.

  • CAS Number: 380315-80-0
  • MF: C20H23N3O2S
  • MW: 369.480
  • Catalog: MDM-2/p53
  • Density: 1.238±0.06 g/cm3 (20 ºC 760 Torr)
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

2-Aminoadenosine

2-Aminoadenosine is an adenosine analog. Adenosine analogs mostly act as smooth muscle vasodilators and have also been shown to inhibit cancer progression. Its popular products are adenosine phosphate, Acadesine (HY-13417), Clofarabine (HY-A0005), Fludarabine phosphate (HY-B0028) and Vidarabine (HY-B0277)[1].

  • CAS Number: 2096-10-8
  • MF: C10H14N6O4
  • MW: 282.26
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: 2.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 798.5±70.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 241-243°C (dec.)
  • Flash Point: 436.7±35.7 °C

Aurora A inhibitor 2

Aurora A inhibitor 2 (Compound 16h) is a potent Aurora A kinase inhibitor with an IC50 of 21.94 nM. Aurora A inhibitor 2 induces caspase-dependent apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells[1].

  • CAS Number: 2412144-74-0
  • MF: C24H26N6O3
  • MW: 446.50
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

1-O-Acetyl-2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-6-deoxy-β-D-allofuranose

1-O-Acetyl-2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-5(R)-C-methyl-D-ribo furanose is a purine nucleoside analog. Purine nucleoside analogs have broad antitumor activity targeting indolent lymphoid malignancies. Anticancer mechanisms in this process rely on inhibition of DNA synthesis, induction of apoptosis, etc[1].

  • CAS Number: 72159-45-6
  • MF:
  • MW:
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

2′,5′-Dideoxy-5′-iodouridine

2′,5′-Dideoxy-5′-iodouridine is a purine nucleoside analog. Purine nucleoside analogs have broad antitumor activity targeting indolent lymphoid malignancies. Anticancer mechanisms in this process rely on inhibition of DNA synthesis, induction of apoptosis, etc[1].

  • CAS Number: 58510-66-0
  • MF: C9H11IN2O4
  • MW: 338.10
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

5-Fluorouracil-13C,15N2

5-Fluorouracil-13C,15N2 is the 13C and 15N labeled 5-Fluorouracil[1]. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an analogue of uracil and a potent antitumor agent. 5-Fluorouracil affects pyrimidine synthesis by inhibiting thymidylate synthetase thus depleting intracellular dTTP pools. 5-Fluorouracil induces apoptosis and can be used as a chemical sensitizer[2][3]. 5-Fluorouracil also inhibits HIV[4].

  • CAS Number: 1189423-58-2
  • MF: C313CH3F15N2O2
  • MW: 133.057
  • Catalog: HIV
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

2′-Deoxy-6-O-methylinosine

2′-Deoxy-6-O-methylinosine is a purine nucleoside analog. Purine nucleoside analogs have broad antitumor activity targeting indolent lymphoid malignancies. Anticancer mechanisms in this process rely on inhibition of DNA synthesis, induction of apoptosis, etc[1].

  • CAS Number: 37109-88-9
  • MF: C11H14N4O4
  • MW: 266.25
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

5-(Trifluoromethyl)uridine

5-(Trifluoromethyl)uridine is a purine nucleoside analogue. Purine nucleoside analogs have broad antitumor activity targeting indolent lymphoid malignancies. Anticancer mechanisms in this process rely on inhibition of DNA synthesis, induction of apoptosis, etc[1].

  • CAS Number: 21618-67-7
  • MF: C10H11F3N2O6
  • MW: 312.20
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: 1.765g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

IC 261

IC261 is a selective, ATP-competitive CK1 inhibitor, with IC50s of 1 μM, 1 μM, 16 μM for Ckiδ, Ckiε and Ckiα1, respectively.

  • CAS Number: 186611-52-9
  • MF: C18H17NO4
  • MW: 311.332
  • Catalog: Casein Kinase
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 555.2±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 214 °C
  • Flash Point: 289.6±30.1 °C

CDK2-IN-15

CDK2-IN-15 (Compound 19) is an inhibitor of CDK2 with an IC50 of 2.9 μM. CDK2-IN-15 can be used for cancer research[1].

  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

(S)-GFB-12811

(S)-GFB-12811 (compound 596) is a potent and selective CDK5 inhibitor, with an IC50 value less than 10 nM. (S)-GFB-12811 can be used in the research of cell cycle progression, neuronal development, tumorigenesis[1].

  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

1-[4-hydroxy-3-trityloxy-5-(trityloxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]pyrimidine-2,4-dione

2',5'-Bis-O-(triphenylMethyl)uridine is a uridine analog. Uridine has potential antiepileptic effects, and its analogs can be used to study anticonvulsant and anxiolytic activities, as well as to develop new antihypertensive agents[1].

  • CAS Number: 6554-11-6
  • MF: C47H40N2O6
  • MW: 728.83
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: 1.33g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

2',3',5'-Tri-O-benzoyl-5-Methoxyuridine

2’,3’,5’-Tri-O-benzoyl-5-methoxyuridine is a purine nucleoside analog. Purine nucleoside analogs have broad antitumor activity targeting indolent lymphoid malignancies. Anticancer mechanisms in this process rely on inhibition of DNA synthesis, induction of apoptosis, etc[1].

  • CAS Number: 37805-86-0
  • MF: C31H26N2O10
  • MW: 586.55
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A