Imiquimod is an immune response modifier and a toll-like receptor 7 agonist.
Obatoclax (GX15-070), a BH3 mimetic, is a pan-BCL-2 family proteins inhibitor with a Ki of 220 nM for BCL-2[1][2]. Obatoclax induces autophagy-dependent cell death and targets cyclin D1 for proteasomal degradation. Obatoclax has anti-cancer and broad-spectrum antiparasitic activity[3][4].
GDC-0941 dimethanesulfonate is a potent inhibitor of PI3Kα/δ with IC50 of 3 nM, with modest selectivity against p110β (11-fold) and p110γ (25-fold).
Salinomycin is an anticoccidial drug with potent anti-bacterial activity and an novel anticancer agent targeting human cancer stem cells.
Genistein, a soy isoflavone, is a multiple tyrosine kinases inhibitor which acts as a chemotherapeutic agent against different types of cancer, mainly by altering apoptosis, the cell cycle, and angiogenesis and inhibiting metastasis.
PHA-665752 is a potent, selective and ATP-competitive c-Met inhibitor with IC50 of 9 nM, >50-fold selectivity for c-Met than RTKs or STKs.IC50 value: 9 nMTarget: c-Metin vitro: PHA-665752 significantly inhibits c-Met kinase activity with Ki of 4 nM, and exhibits >50-fold selectivity for c-Met compared with various tyrosine and serine-threonine kinases. PHA-665752 potently inhibits the HGF-stimulated c-Met autophosphorylation with IC50 of 25-50 nM. PHA-665752 also significantly blocks HGF- and c-Met-dependent functions such as cell motility and cell proliferation with IC50 of 40-50 nM and 18-42 nM, respectively. In addition, PHA-665752 potently inhibits HGF-stimulated or constitutive phosphorylation of mediators of downstream of c-Met such as Gab-1, ERK, Akt, STAT3, PLC-γ, and FAK in multiple tumor cell lines [1]. PHA-665752 inhibits cell growth in TPR-MET-transformed BaF3 cells with IC50 of <60 nM, and inhibits constitutive cell motility and migration by 92.5% at 0.2 μM. Inhibition of c-Met by PHA665752 (0.2 μM) also induces cell apoptosis of 33.1% and G1 cell cycle arrest with cells in G1 phase increasing from 42.4% to 77.0%. PHA665752 can cooperate with rapamycin to inhibit cell growth of TPR-MET-transformed BaF3 cells and non-small cell lung cancer H441 cells [2].in vivo: Administration of PHA-665752 induces a dose-dependent tumor growth inhibition of S114 xenografts by 20 %, 39% and 68%, at dose of 7.5, 15, and 30 mg/kg/day, respectively [1]. PHA665752 treatment significantly reduces the tumor growth of NCI-H69, NCI-H441 and A549 in mouse xenografts by 99%, 75%, and 59%, respectively. PHA665752 also significantly inhibits angiogenesis by >85%, due to decreasing the production of vascular endothelial growth factor and increasing the production of the angiogenesis inhibitor thrombospondin-1 [3].
Levosimendan(OR1259) is a calcium sensitiser used in the management of acutely decompensated congestive heart failure.Target: OthersLevosimendan is a calcium sensitiser used in the management of acutely decompensated congestive heart failure. Levosimendan is an inodilator indicated for the short-term treatment of acutely decompensated severe chronic heart failure, and in situations where conventional therapy is not considered adequate. Levosimendan has shown preliminary positive effects in a range of conditions requiring inotropic support, including right ventricular failure, cardiogenic shock, septic shock, and Takotsubo cardiomyopathy [1]. The cardiovascular effects of levosimendan are exerted via more than an isolated drug-receptor interaction, and involve favorable energetic and neurohormonal changes that are unique in comparison to other types of inodilators [2]. Levosimendan might reduce mortality in cardiac surgery and cardiology settings of adult patients [3].
2-Methoxyestradiol-d5 is the deuterium labeled 2-Hydroxyestradiol. 2-Methoxyestradiol (2-ME2), an orally active endogenous metabolite of 17β-estradiol (E2), is an apoptosis inducer and an angiogenesis inhibitor with potent antineoplastic activity. 2-Methoxyestradiol also destablize microtubules. 2-Methoxyestradio, also a potent superoxide dismutase (SOD) inhibitor and a ROS-generating agent, induces autophagy in the transformed cell line HEK293 and the cancer cell lines U87 and HeLa[1][2][3][4][5][6][7].
Pamapimod-d4 (Ro4402257-d4) is the deuterium labeled Pamapimod. Pamapimod (Ro4402257) is a potent, selective and orally active p38 MAPK inhibitor with IC50s of 14 nM and 480 nM and Kis of 1.3 nM and 120 nM for p38α and p38β, respectively. Pamapimod has no activity against p38δ or p38γ isoforms. Pamapimod has the potential for rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases treatment[1][2].
Sanshool is a major component in Zanthoxylum bungeanum. Sanshool improves UVB-induced skin photodamage by targeting JAK2/STAT3-dependent autophagy[1].
Lamotrigine-13C3 is the 13C-labeled Lamotrigine. Lamotrigine (BW430C) is a potent and orally active anticonvulsant or antiepileptic agent. Lamotrigine selectively blocks voltage-gated Na+ channels, stabilizing presynaptic neuronal membranes and inhibiting glutamate release. Lamotrigine can be used for the research of epilepsy, focal seizure, et al[1][2].
Iohexol-d5 is deuterium labeled Iohexol. Iohexol is a radiographic contrast agent and can be applied for myelography, computerized tomography (cisternography, ventriculography) and MicroCT imaging in vivo[1].
Fangchinoline is isolated from Stephania tetrandra with extensive biological activities, such as enhancing immunity, anti-inflammatory sterilization and anti-atherosclerosis. Fangchinoline, a novel HIV-1 inhibitor, inhibits HIV-1 replication by impairing gp160 proteolytic processing[1]. Fangchinoline targets Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and suppresses FAK-mediated signaling pathway in tumor cells which highly expressed FAK[2]. Fangchinoline induces apoptosis and adaptive autophagy in bladder cancer[3].
YM-155 is a survivin inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.54 nM.
Triclosan D3 is the deuterium labeled Triclosan. Triclosan is an antibacterial and antifungal agent found in consumer products, including soaps, detergents, toys, and surgical cleaning treatments[1][2].
Afatinib (BIBW 2992) is an irreversible EGFR family inhibitor with IC50s of 0.5 nM, 0.4 nM, 10 nM and 14 nM for EGFRwt, EGFRL858R, EGFRL858R/T790M and HER2, respectively.
A novel lysosomotropic REV-ERB ligand that has a dual inhibitory activity toward REV-ERB-mediated transcriptional regulation and autophagy; relieves REV-ERB-mediated transcriptional repression, significantly increases autophagy-associated protein p62 in treated cells; disrupts lysosomal function, blocks the autophagy process at the late stage, and reduces cancer cell viability; a novel dual autophagy/REV-ERB inhibitor more cytotoxic than chloroquine.
Troglitazone-d4 is deuterium labeled Troglitazone. Troglitazone is a PPARγ agonist, with EC50s of 550 nM and 780 nM for human and murine PPARγ receptor, respectively.
Brefeldin A is a specific inhibitor of protein trafficking which blocks the protein transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi complex.
Naringin is a major flavanone glycoside obtained from tomatoes, grapefruits, and many other citrus fruits. Naringin exhibits biological properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic activities.
SRT 1720 Hydrochloride is a selective activator of SIRT1 with an EC1.5 of 0.16 μM, and shows less potent activities on SIRT2 and SIRT3 with EC1.5s of 37 μM and 300 μM, respectively.
VO-OHPic is a reversible, noncompetitive and selective PTEN inhibitor with an IC50 of 46 nM. VO-OHPic attenuates apoptosis, adverse cardiac remodeling, and pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages in doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy. VO-OHPic inhibits autophagy[1][2][3].
Pazopanib (GW786034) is a novel multi-target inhibitor of VEGFR1, VEGFR2, VEGFR3, PDGFRβ, c-Kit, FGFR1, and c-Fms with IC50s of 10, 30, 47, 84, 74, 140 and 146 nM, respectively.
Letrozole is an aromatase inhibitor with an IC50 of 1-13 nM.
Xylitol is a chemical categorized as a polyalcohol or sugar alcohol.Target: OthersXylitol is a chemical categorized as a polyalcohol or sugar alcohol (alditol). Xylitol has the formula (CHOH)3(CH2OH)2 and is an achiral isomer of pentane-1,2,3,4,5-pentol. Xylitol is used as a diabetic sweetener which is roughly as sweet as sucrose with 33% fewer calories. Unlike other natural or synthetic sweeteners, xylitol is actively beneficial for dental health by reducing caries to a third in regular use and helpful to remineralization. Xylitol is naturally found in low concentrations in the fibers of many fruits and vegetables, and can be extracted from various berries, oats, and mushrooms, as well as fibrous material such as corn husks and sugar cane bagasse and birch.
Matrine(Sophocarpidine; α-Matrine) is an alkaloid found in plants from the Sophora genus. It has a variety of pharmacological effects, including anti-cancer effects, and action as a kappa opioid receptor and u-receptor agonist.IC50 Value: 540 μg/ml (inhibit gastric cancer cell line MNK45, MTT) [1]Target: u-receptor/kappa opioid in vitro: MTT assay showed that the matrine was able to inhibit gastric cancer cell line MNK45 in a dose-dependent manner. The concentration required for 50% inhibition (IC50) was found to be 540 μg/ml. This anti-tumor function was achieved through modulation of the NF-κB, XIAP, CIAP, and p-ERK proteins expression in cell line MNK45. Matrine induces apoptosis of human NSCLC cells with anti-apoptotic factors inhibited and dependent on caspase activity. In addition, we found that matrine increases the phosphorylation of p38 but not its total protein, and inhibition of the p38 pathway with SB202190 partially prevents matrine-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, matrine generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a dose- and time-dependent manner, which is reversed by pretreatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) [2].in vivo: Oral administration of matrine (200, 100 and 50 mg/kg) significantly attenuated isoproterenol-induced cardiac necrosis and left ventricular dysfunction [3]. high dose of matrine significantly reduced the mortality rate of mice with LPS administration. Treatment with matrine improved LPS-induced lung histopathologic changes, alleviated pulmonary edema and lung vascular leak, inhibited MPO and MDA activity,and reduced the production of inflammatory mediators including TNF-α, IL-6 and HMGB1 [4].Toxicity: N/AClinical trial: N/A
GDC-0941 (Pictilisib) is a potent inhibitor of PI3Kα/δ with an IC50 of 3 nM, with modest selectivity against p110β (11-fold) and p110γ (25-fold).
AR-42(HDAC-42) is a HDAC inhibitor with IC50 30 nM.IC50 Value: 30 nMTarget: HDACin vivo: HDAC42 is potent in suppressing the proliferation of U87MG and PC-3 cells, in part, because of its ability to down-regulate Akt signaling. AR-42 inhibits the growth of PC-3 and LNCaP cells with IC50 of 0.48 μM and 0.3 μM, respectively. Compared to SAHA, AR-42 exhibits distinctly superior apoptogenic potency, and causes markedly greater decreases in phospho-Akt, Bcl-xL, and survivin in PC-3 cells. AR-42 treatment induces growth inhibition, cell- cycle arrest, apoptosis, and activation of caspases-3/7 in malignant mast cell lines. AR-42 treatment induces down-regulation of Kit via inhibition of Kit transcription, disassociation between Kit and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), and up-regulation of HSP70. AR-42 treatment down-regulates the expression of p-Akt, total Akt, phosphorylated STAT3/5 (pSTAT3/5), and total STAT3/5. in vitro: In the transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) model, administration of AR-42 not only decreases the severity of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and completely prevents its progression to poorly differentiated carcinoma, but also shifts tumorigenesis to a more differentiated phenotype, suppressing absolute and relative urogenital tract weights by 86% and 85%, respectively. AR-42 significantly reduces leukocyte counts, and prolongs survival in three separate mouse models of B-cell malignancy without evidence of toxicity.
AZD-8055 is a novel ATP-competitive inhibitor of mTOR kinase with an IC50 of 0.8 nM. AZD-8055 inhibits both mTORC1 and mTORC2.