Sophocarpine is one of the significant alkaloid extracted from the traditional herb medicine Sophora flavescens which has many pharmacological properties such as anti-virus, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory. Sophocarpine significantly inhibits the growth of gastric cancer (GC) cells through multiple mechanisms such as induction of autophagy, activation of cell apoptosis and down-regulation of cell survival PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Sophocarpine has been demonstrated to have anti-tumor activity in various cancer cells, including hepatocellular carcinoma, prostate cancer and colorectal cancer[1].
Luteolin is a falconoid compound, which exhibits anticancer properties.IC50 value:Target: A natural for anticancer.In vitro: Luteolin exerted an anticancer effect against NCI-H460 cells through Sirt1-mediated apoptosis and the inhibition of cell migration [1]. The treatment of luteolin upregulated the expression levels of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), p21WAF1/CIP1, p27KIP1, Smad4, and Fas in HCC cells. Luteolin induced apoptotic cell death in Hep3B cells while caused G1 arrest in HepG2 cells. And it induces apoptosis from G1 arrest via three signaling pathways of TGF-β1, p53, and Fas/Fas-ligand in HCC cells [2].In vivo: The study of the effect of Luteolin on the improvement of cancerous cachexia in model mice showed that luteolin can improve the symptoms of cancer cachexia model mice.The mechanism may be related to inhibition of proteasome and calcium activated protease activity and lower the levels of cytokines [3].
Eupalinolide O is a sesquiterpene lactone with anticancer activities. Eupalinolide O induces cell apoptosis in human MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells[1].
Oxcarbazepine-D4 (GP 47680-D4) is the deuterium labeled Oxcarbazepine. Oxcarbazepine is a sodium channel blocker[1]. Oxcarbazepine significantly inhibits glioblastoma cell growth and induces apoptosis or G2/M arrest in glioblastoma cell lines[2]. Anti-cancer and anticonvulsant effects[2][3].
Pladienolide B is a potent cancer cell growth inhibitor that targets the SF3B1 subunit of the spliceosome. Pladienolide B exerts antitumor activities mediated through the inhibition of pre-mRNA splicing. Pladienolide B induces apoptosis[1][2][3].
Glucopiericidin A is a natural piericidin compound obtained from a marine-derived Streptomyces strain. Glucopiericidin A serves as a glucose transporter (GLUT) chemical probe and suppresses glycolysis. Glucopiericidin A inhibits ATP-dependent filopodia protrusion with Piericidin A (PA; HY-114936) and has no effect alone. Glucopiericidin A induces cell apoptosis through reducing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level by increasing PRDX1 and exhibits potent antitumor efficacy in ACHN mice xenografts[1][2].
HM43239 is an orally active and selective FLT3 inhibitor with IC50s of 1.1 nM, 1.8 nM and 1.0 nM for FLT3 WT, FLT3 internal tandem duplication (ITD) and FLT3 D835Y kinases, respectively. HM43239 inhibits the kinase activity of FLT3 as a reversible type I inhibitor and modulates p-STAT5, p-ERK, SYK, JAK1/2, and TAK1. HM43239 inhibits the proliferation and induces the apoptosis of leukemic cells[1][2][3].
Cinchonine hydrochloride ((8R,9S)-Cinchonine hydrochloride) is a natural compound present in Cinchona bark. Cinchonine hydrochloride activates endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis in human liver cancer cells[1].
Ziyuglycoside I isolated from S. officinalis root, has anti-wrinkle activity, and increases the expression of type I collagen. Ziyuglycoside I could be used as an active ingredient for cosmetics[1].Ziyuglycoside I triggers cell cycle arrest and apoptosis mediated by p53, it can be a potential drug candidate for treating triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)[2].
Patulin (Terinin) is a mycotoxin produced by fungi including the Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Byssochlamys species, is suspected to be clastogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic and cytotoxic. Patulin (Terinin) induces autophagy-dependent apoptosis through lysosomal-mitochondrial axis, and causes DNA damage[1][2][3][4].
Asparanin A is an apoptosis inducer with anticancer activity. Asparanin A induces cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase through mitochondria and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways, inhibiting cancer cell growth. Asparanin A also demonstrated in vivo efficacy in a mouse xenograft model of Ishikawa endometrial carcinoma, significantly inhibiting tumor growth[1].
Antitumor agent-44 (Compound 5n) disrupts the mitochondrial homeostasis, induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human adenocarcinoma cells. Antitumor agent-44 (Compound 5n) possesses good anti-tumor activity in a lung-cancer-cell xenograft mice model[1].
Formoxanthone A is an apoptosis inducing compound that can significantly reduce the viability of HeLa cells at 25 μM[1].
Cytochrome C is a multi-functional enzyme involving in life and death decisions of the cell. Cytochrome C is essential in mitochondrial electron transport and intrinsic type II apoptosis[1].
Biatractylolide is a compound isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of Atractylodes macrocephala. Biatractylolide has antitumor and antioxidant activities. Biatractylolide improves cell viability, inhibits the apoptosis of cells induced by glutamate, and reduces the activity of LDH. Biatractylolide has neuroprotective effects[1].
PB28 is a cyclohexylpiperazine derivative and a high affinity and selective sigma 2 (σ2) receptor agonist with a Ki of 0.68 nM. PB28 is also a σ1 antagonist with a Ki of 0.38 nM. PB28 is less affinity for other receptors. PB28 inhibits electrically evoked twitch in guinea pig bladder and ileum with EC50 values of 2.62 μM and 3.96 μM, respectively. PB28 can modulate SARS-CoV-2-human protein-protein interaction. PB28 induces caspase-independent apoptosis and has antitumor activity[1][2][3][4][5].
Chrysosplenol D is a methoxy flavonoid that induces ERK1/2-mediated apoptosis in triple negative human breast cancer cells. Chrysosplenol D also exhibits anti-inflammatory and moderate antitrypanosomal activities[1][2][3][4].
Bleomycin A5 hydrochloride is an anti-neoplastic glycoprotein antibiotic. Bleomycin A5 suppresses Drp1‑mediated mitochondrial fission and induces apoptosis in human nasal polyp‑derived fibroblasts[1][2].
Tubulin inhibitor 11 is a potent and orally active tubulin inhibitor. Tubulin inhibitor 11 targets the Colchicine binding site on tubulin, inhibits tubulin polymerization, promotes mitotic blockade and apoptosis[1].
Odoroside A is an active ingredient extracted from the leaves of Nerium oleander Linn. Odoroside A has anti-cancer activity. Odoroside A could induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest through ROS/p53 signaling pathway, leading to the tumor cell death[1].
Duocarmycin A, which is one of well-known antitumor antibiotics, efficiently alkylates adenine N3 at the 3′ end of AT-rich sequences in the DNA. Duocarmycin A, as a chemotherapeutic agent, results HLC-2 cells typically apoptotic changes, including chromatin condensation, sub-G1 accumulation in DNA histogram pattern, and decrease in procaspase-3 and 9 levels[1].
HBV-IN-23 (Compound 5k) is an inhibitor of HBV DNA replication with an IC50 of 0.58 µM. HBV-IN-23 inhibits HBV DNA replication in both drug sensitive and resistant HBV strains. HBV-IN-23 shows anti-hepatocellular carcinoma cell (HCC) activities. HBV-IN-23 induces HepG2 cells apoptosis[1].
Adenosine-13C10,15N5 is the 13C and 15N labeled Adenosine[1]. Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physiology, including neuronal activity, vascular function, platelet aggregation, and blood cell regulation[2][3].
EAD1 is a potent autophagy inhibitor with antiproliferative activity in lung and pancreatic cancer cells. EAD1 also induces apoptosis[1].
Haemanthamine is a crinine-type alkaloid isolated from the Amaryllidaceae plants with potent anticancer activity. Haemanthamine targets ribosomal that inhibits protein biosynthesis during the elongation stage of translation. Haemanthamine has pro-apoptotic, antioxidant, antiviral, antimalarial and anticonvulsant activities[1][2].
FPA-124, a cell-permeable copper complex, is a selective Akt inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.1 μM. FPA-124 interacts with both the pleckstrin homology (PH) and the kinase domains of Akt. FPA-124 induces apoptosis[1][2].
Stephanine ((-)-Stephanine) is an isoquinoline aporphine-type alkaloid. Stephanine induce apoptosis through the reverse of mitotic exit. Stephanine exhibits Antiplasmodial activity. Stephanine can be used for the research of stomach pain, abdominal pain, arthritis and cancer[1][2].
Nortrachelogenin ((-)-Wikstromol) from Partrinia scabiosaefolia elicits an apoptotic response in Candida albicans[1].
LY5 is a STAT3 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.5 μM. LY5 induces Apoptosis and inhibits STAT3 phosphorylation. LY5 shows antitumor activity in vivo, it can be used for the research of cancer[1].
PLK1/BRD4-IN-1 (9b) is an orally active dual PLK1 and BRD4 inhibitor with IC50 values of 22 nM and 109 nM against PLK1 and BRD4, respectively. PLK1/BRD4-IN-1 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, downregulates the transcription of several proliferation-related oncogenes, and exhibits favorable in vivo antitumor activity[1].