Cletoquine oxalate (Desethylhydroxychloroquine oxalate) is a major active metabolite of Hydroxychloroquine. Cletoquine oxalate is produced in the liver by CYP2D6, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and CYP2C8 isoenzymes. Cletoquine oxalate is also a Chloroquine derivative and has the ability to against the chikungunya virus (CHIKV). Cletoquine oxalate has antimalarial effects and has the potential for autoimmune diseases treatment[1][2].
Aureobasidin A (Basifungin), a cyclic depsipetide, is an antifungal antibiotic. Aureobasidin A (Basifungin) A is an inhibitor of the inositolphosphorylceramide synthase AUR1[1][2].
3-Fucosyllactose (3-Fucosyl-D-lactose) is one of the major fucosylated oligosaccharides found in human breast milk. 3-Fucosyllactose shows prebiotic, immunomodulator, neonatal brain development, and antimicrobial function[1].
Clovamide (trans-Clovamide), a natural phenolic compound, is a potent antioxidant. Clovamide is an excellent ROS and oxygen radical scavenger. Clovamide also has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects[1][2]. Clovamide is an anti-microbial with activity against the human pathogens influenza A subtype H5N1, Trypanosoma evansi, and Heliobacter pylori[3].
3β-Acetoxyurs-12-en-11-one is a ursane triterpenoid with antimicrobial activity, can be isolated from the stem bark of Morus mesozygia and the leaves of Ficus hirta Vahl (Moraceae)[1][2].
Ditiocarb sodium (Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate) is an accelerator of the rate of copper cementation. Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate reduces the incidence of HIV infection.
Flurofamide is a potent bacterial urease inhibitor with potential clinical utility in the treatment of infection induced urinary stones[1].
Flucytosine (5-Fluorocytosine, 5-FC, Ancobon), a fluorinated pyrimidine analogue, is an antifungal drug.Target: antifungalFlucytosine, or 5-fluorocytosine, a fluorinated pyrimidine analogue, is a synthetic antimycotic drug. It is structurally related to the cytostatic fluorouracil and to floxuridine. It is available in oral and in some countries also in injectable form. A common brand name is Ancobon. Flucytosine was first synthesized in 1957 but its antifungal properties were discovered in 1964. The drug is dispensed in capsules of 250 mg and 500 mg strength. The injectable form is diluted in 250 mL saline solution to contain 2.5 g total (10 mg/mL). The solution is physically incompatible with other drugs including amphotericin B.Flucytosine is well absorbed (75 to 90%) from the gastrointestinal tract. Intake with meals slows the absorption, but does not decrease the amount absorbed. Following an oral dose of 2 grams peak serum levels are reached after approximately 6 hours. The time to peak level decreases with continued therapy. After 4 days peak levels are measured after 2 hours. The drug is eliminated renally. In normal patients flucytosine has reportedly a half-life of 2.5 to 6 hours. In patients with impaired renal function higher serum levels are seen and the drug tends to cumulate in these patients. The drug is mainly excreted unchanged in the urine (90% of an oral dose) and only traces are metabolized and excreted in the feces. Therapeutic serum levels range from 25 to 100 ?g/ml. Serum levels in excess of 100 ug are associated with a higher incidence of side effects. Periodic measurements of serum levels are recommended for all patients and are a must in patients with renal damage.
Antibacterial agent 72 displays the antibacterial activities by targeting the bacterial membrane.
Synthalin A sulfate is a biguanylated diamine with antibacterial and hypoglycemic properties. Synthalin A sulfate against S. aureus with a MIC of 64 μg/mL[1].
DL-Pyroglutamic acid (CAE) as an inactivator of hepatitis B surface, inactivates vaccinia virus, herpes simplex virus, and influenza virus except poliovirus. DL-Pyroglutamic acid is also a possible inhibitor of GABA transaminase, increases GABA amount with antiepileptic action[1][2].
Fluensulfone is a new nematicide for chemical control of plant parasitic nematodes.
Cephalotin (Cephalotin) is a beta-lactam antibiotic, inhibits class C β-lactamase AmpC, with an Ki of 0.32 µM[1].
Cyclo(L-Phe-L-Pro), isolated from Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas alcaligenes cell-free culture supernatants is an antifungal cyclic dipeptide[1]. Cyclo(L-Phe-L-Pro) inhibits IFN-β production by interfering with retinoic-acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) activation[2]. Cyclo(L-Phe-L-Pro) exhibits free-radical scavenging activity with the IC50 of 24 µM in the DPPH assay[3].
Eriobofuran is an antifungal agent can be isolated from Sorbus aucuparia[1][2].
Fumaramidmycin is an antibiotic found in Streptomyces kurssanovii NR-7GG1. Fumaramidmycin shows an antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria[1].
PXYD3 is a ribosomal protein S1 (RpsA) antagonist with Kds of 5.66 and 6.91 μM for RpsA-CTD and RpsA-CTD Δ438A, respectively. RpsA plays an important role in the trans-translation process of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (Mtb)[1].
Sulfadoxine(Sulphadoxine) is a long acting sulfonamide that is used, usually in combination with other drugs, for respiratory, urinary tract and malarial infections.Target: AntiparasiticSulfadoxine(Sulphadoxine) is an ultra-long-lasting sulfonamide. Sulfadoxine is often used in combination with pyrimethamine to treat or prevent malaria. Both drugs are antifolates; they inhibit the production of enzymes involved in the synthesis of folic acid within the parasites. Either drug by itself is only moderately effective in treating malaria, because the parasite Plasmodium falciparum may be able to use exogenous folic acid, i.e. folic acid which is present in the parasite's environment, while in combination, the two substances have a synergistic effect which outbalances that ability [1, 2].
Maximin 4 is an antimicrobial peptide derived from skin secretions of Bombina maxima. Maximin 4 has cytotoxicity on tumor cells and spermicidal effect[1].
Cowaxanthone B is a xanthone isolated from the fruits of Garcinia cowa. Cowaxanthone B has weak antibacterial activity[1].
Norfloxacin-d5 is a deuterium labeled Norfloxacin. Norfloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic that inhibits the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (MICs = 4 μg/mL and 1 μg/mL for S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, respectively). Norfloxacin also inhibits the growth S. pseudintermedius, S. aureus, E. coli, Pasturella, and S. canis isolates from dogs (mean MIC50s = 0.25 μg/mL, 1 μg/mL, 0.03 μg/mL, 1 μg/mL, and 1 μg/mL, respectively).
Ethyl acetoacetate-13C is the 13C labeled Ethyl acetoacetate[1]. Ethyl acetoacetate (Ethyl acetylacetate) is an ester widely used as an intermediate in the synthesis of many varieties of compounds[2][3][4]. Ethyl acetoacetate is an inhibitor of bacterial biofilm[5].
Cefoxitin sodium (MK-306) is a cephamycin antibiotic, often grouped with the second generation cephalosporins, acts by interfering with cell wall synthesis, its activity spectrum includes a broad range of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.
Erythromycin Cyclocarbonate, derivative of Erythromycin, which is active against Gram-positive and some Gram-negative microorganisms.
A novel bromodomain BRD4 inhibitor that significantly induces HIV-1 reactivation; dramatically reversed HIV-1 latency at both low (2.5 uM) and high (5 uM) doses in multiple cell models of HIV-1 latency through promoting Tat-dependent transcriptional elongation and Tat-P-TEFb association; enhances the latency-reversing effects of PKC agonists (prostratin, bryostatin-1) in CD8-depleted PBMCs containing latent viral reservoirs.
Chlorphenesin is a reversible antigen-associated immunosuppressant. Chlorphenesin is an antibacterial and antifungal agent used in numerous eye care cosmetics[1].
Mutanocyclin is a potent antifungal agent. Mutanocyclin inhibits Candida albicans (C. albicans) filamentation. Mutanocyclin decreases the mRNA expression of HWP1, ECE1, FLO8, TEC1. Mutanocyclin inhibits yeast-form in ex vivo mouse[1].
5-Hydroxysophoranone is a flavanone that can be isolated from the Erythrina subumbrans. 5-Hydroxysophoranone shows weak antibacterial activity against several strains of Streptococcus[1].
Rosoxacin (Acrosoxacin) is a potent and orally active quinolone antibiotic. Rosoxacin (Acrosoxacin) has antibacterial activities against a broad spectrum of Gram negative bacteria including Neisseria gonorrhoeae (MIC90=0.03mg/ml). Rosoxacin has the potential for urinary tract infections treatment[1].
Ochratoxin C is the ethyl ester analog of ochratoxin A, a mycotoxin produced by A. ochraceus, A. carbonarius, and P. verrucosum that is commonly found as a food contaminant. Ochratoxin C rarely occurs as an initial natural contaminant due to a transformation from ochratoxin A.