Chemsrc provides Signaling Pathways's classification. They are divided into Anti-infection, Antibody-drug Conjugate, Apoptosis, Autophagy, Cell Cycle/DNA Damage, Cytoskeleton, Epigenetics, GPCR/G Protein, Immunology/Inflammation, JAK/STAT Signaling, MAPK/ERK Pathway, Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel, Metabolic Enzyme/Protease, Neuronal Signaling, NF-κB, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, PROTAC, Protein Tyrosine Kinase/RTK, Stem Cell/Wnt, TGF-beta/Smad, Vitamin D Related, Others according to their Biological activity.


Anti-infection >
Arenavirus Bacterial CMV Enterovirus Filovirus Fungal HBV HCV HIV HSV Influenza Virus Parasite Reverse Transcriptase RSV SARS-CoV
Antibody-drug Conjugate >
ADC Cytotoxin ADC Linker Drug-Linker Conjugates for ADC PROTAC-linker Conjugate for PAC
Apoptosis >
Apoptosis Bcl-2 Family c-Myc Caspase DAPK Ferroptosis IAP MDM-2/p53 PKD RIP kinase Survivin Thymidylate Synthase TNF Receptor
Autophagy >
Autophagy LRRK2 ULK Mitophagy
Cell Cycle/DNA Damage >
Antifolate APC ATM/ATR Aurora Kinase Casein Kinase CDK Checkpoint Kinase (Chk) CRISPR/Cas9 Deubiquitinase DNA Alkylator/Crosslinker DNA-PK DNA/RNA Synthesis Eukaryotic Initiation Factor (eIF) G-quadruplex Haspin Kinase HDAC HSP IRE1 Kinesin LIM Kinase (LIMK) Microtubule/Tubulin Mps1 Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog p97 PAK PARP PERK Polo-like Kinase (PLK) PPAR RAD51 ROCK Sirtuin SRPK Telomerase TOPK Topoisomerase Wee1
Cytoskeleton >
Arp2/3 Complex Dynamin Gap Junction Protein Integrin Kinesin Microtubule/Tubulin Mps1 Myosin PAK
Epigenetics >
AMPK Aurora Kinase DNA Methyltransferase Epigenetic Reader Domain HDAC Histone Acetyltransferase Histone Demethylase Histone Methyltransferase JAK MicroRNA PARP PKC Sirtuin Protein Arginine Deiminase
GPCR/G Protein >
5-HT Receptor Adenosine Receptor Adenylate Cyclase Adiponectin Receptor Adrenergic Receptor Angiotensin Receptor Bombesin Receptor Bradykinin Receptor Cannabinoid Receptor CaSR CCR CGRP Receptor Cholecystokinin Receptor CRFR CXCR Dopamine Receptor EBI2/GPR183 Endothelin Receptor GHSR Glucagon Receptor Glucocorticoid Receptor GNRH Receptor GPCR19 GPR109A GPR119 GPR120 GPR139 GPR40 GPR55 GPR84 Guanylate Cyclase Histamine Receptor Imidazoline Receptor Leukotriene Receptor LPL Receptor mAChR MCHR1 (GPR24) Melatonin Receptor mGluR Motilin Receptor Neurokinin Receptor Neuropeptide Y Receptor Neurotensin Receptor Opioid Receptor Orexin Receptor (OX Receptor) Oxytocin Receptor P2Y Receptor Prostaglandin Receptor Protease-Activated Receptor (PAR) Ras RGS Protein Sigma Receptor Somatostatin Receptor TSH Receptor Urotensin Receptor Vasopressin Receptor Melanocortin Receptor
Immunology/Inflammation >
Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor CCR Complement System COX CXCR FLAP Histamine Receptor IFNAR Interleukin Related IRAK MyD88 NO Synthase NOD-like Receptor (NLR) PD-1/PD-L1 PGE synthase Salt-inducible Kinase (SIK) SPHK STING Thrombopoietin Receptor Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Arginase
JAK/STAT Signaling >
EGFR JAK Pim STAT
MAPK/ERK Pathway >
ERK JNK KLF MAP3K MAP4K MAPKAPK2 (MK2) MEK Mixed Lineage Kinase MNK p38 MAPK Raf Ribosomal S6 Kinase (RSK)
Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel >
ATP Synthase BCRP Calcium Channel CFTR Chloride Channel CRAC Channel CRM1 EAAT2 GABA Receptor GlyT HCN Channel iGluR Monoamine Transporter Monocarboxylate Transporter Na+/Ca2+ Exchanger Na+/HCO3- Cotransporter Na+/K+ ATPase nAChR NKCC P-glycoprotein P2X Receptor Potassium Channel Proton Pump SGLT Sodium Channel TRP Channel URAT1
Metabolic Enzyme/Protease >
15-PGDH 5 alpha Reductase 5-Lipoxygenase Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Acyltransferase Adenosine Deaminase Adenosine Kinase Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) Aldose Reductase Aminopeptidase Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE) ATGL ATP Citrate Lyase Carbonic Anhydrase Carboxypeptidase Cathepsin CETP COMT Cytochrome P450 Dipeptidyl Peptidase Dopamine β-hydroxylase E1/E2/E3 Enzyme Elastase Enolase FAAH FABP Factor Xa Farnesyl Transferase Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) FXR Glucokinase GSNOR Gutathione S-transferase HCV Protease Hexokinase HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase HIV Integrase HIV Protease HMG-CoA Reductase (HMGCR) HSP Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) Lactate Dehydrogenase LXR MAGL Mineralocorticoid Receptor Mitochondrial Metabolism MMP Nampt NEDD8-activating Enzyme Neprilysin PAI-1 PDHK PGC-1α Phosphatase Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Phospholipase Procollagen C Proteinase Proteasome Pyruvate Kinase RAR/RXR Renin ROR Ser/Thr Protease SGK Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD) Thrombin Tryptophan Hydroxylase Tyrosinase Xanthine Oxidase
Neuronal Signaling >
5-HT Receptor AChE Adenosine Kinase Amyloid-β Beta-secretase CaMK CGRP Receptor COMT Dopamine Receptor Dopamine Transporter FAAH GABA Receptor GlyT iGluR Imidazoline Receptor mAChR Melatonin Receptor Monoamine Oxidase nAChR Neurokinin Receptor Opioid Receptor Serotonin Transporter γ-secretase
NF-κB >
NF-κB IKK Keap1-Nrf2 MALT1
PI3K/Akt/mTOR >
Akt AMPK ATM/ATR DNA-PK GSK-3 MELK mTOR PDK-1 PI3K PI4K PIKfyve PTEN
PROTAC >
PROTAC E3 Ligase Ligand-Linker Conjugate Ligand for E3 Ligase PROTAC Linker PROTAC-linker Conjugate for PAC
Protein Tyrosine Kinase/RTK >
Ack1 ALK Bcr-Abl BMX Kinase Btk c-Fms c-Kit c-Met/HGFR Discoidin Domain Receptor DYRK EGFR Ephrin Receptor FAK FGFR FLT3 IGF-1R Insulin Receptor IRAK Itk PDGFR PKA Pyk2 ROS Src Syk TAM Receptor Trk Receptor VEGFR
Stem Cell/Wnt >
Casein Kinase ERK Gli GSK-3 Hedgehog Hippo (MST) JAK Notch Oct3/4 PKA Porcupine ROCK sFRP-1 Smo STAT TGF-beta/Smad Wnt YAP β-catenin γ-secretase
TGF-beta/Smad >
TGF-beta/Smad PKC ROCK TGF-β Receptor
Vitamin D Related >
VD/VDR
Others >
Androgen Receptor Aromatase Estrogen Receptor/ERR Progesterone Receptor Thyroid Hormone Receptor Others

SR 16584

SR 16584 is a selective antagonist of α3β4 nAChR with an IC50 of 10.2 μM[1].

  • CAS Number: 1150153-86-8
  • MF: C17H22N2O
  • MW: 270.369
  • Catalog: nAChR
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 463.3±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 211.7±21.1 °C

BTRX-335140(CYM-53093

BTRX-335140 (CYM-53093) is a potent and selective, orally active κ opioid receptor (KOR) antagonist, has antagonist activity for κOR, μOR and δOR with IC50 values of 0.8 nM, 110 nM, and 6500 nM, respectively.BTRX-335140 endows with favorable in vitro ADMET and in vivo pharmacokinetic profiles and medication-like duration of action in rats. BTRX-335140 can distribute well into the CNS. ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) [1].

  • CAS Number: 2244614-14-8
  • MF: C25H32FN5O2
  • MW: 453.55
  • Catalog: Opioid Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

NHS-SS-biotin

NHS-SS-biotin is a cleavable ADC linker used in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs)[1].

  • CAS Number: 122266-55-1
  • MF: C19H28N4O6S3
  • MW: 606.69
  • Catalog: ADC Linker
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

SR-95531

Gabazine is a selective and competitive antagonist of GABAA receptor, with an IC50 of ~0.2 μM for GABA receptor.

  • CAS Number: 104104-50-9
  • MF: C15H18BrN3O3
  • MW: 368.226
  • Catalog: GABA Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 474.4ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 200 ºC (ethanol )
  • Flash Point: 240.7ºC

(1R, 3S, 4R)-ent-Entecavir

(1R,3S,4R)-ent-Entecavir ((1R,3S,4R)-ent-BMS200475; (1R,3S,4R)-ent-SQ34676) can be used to synthesize PROTAC targets to degrade deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) polymerase[1].

  • CAS Number: 188399-46-4
  • MF: C12H15N5O3
  • MW: 277.279
  • Catalog: Others
  • Density: 1.8±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

2'-O-MOE-N2-ibu-rG

N2-iso-Butyryl-2'-O-(2-methoxyethyl)guanosine is a guanosine analog. Some guanosine analogs have immunostimulatory activity. In some animal models, they also induce type I interferons, producing antiviral effects. Studies have shown that the functional activity of guanosine analogs is dependent on the activation of Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7)[1].

  • CAS Number: 440327-50-4
  • MF: C17H25N5O7
  • MW: 411.41
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

p38α inhibitor 3

p38α inhibitor 3 (Comp G7) is a p38α inhibitor that blocks the effectiveness of myoblast differentiation[1].

  • CAS Number: 260428-69-1
  • MF: C19H20FNO
  • MW: 297.3666032
  • Catalog: p38 MAPK
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 443.9±28.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 222.3±24.0 °C

AZD-5153

AZD5153 (Compound 13) is a trivalent triazolpyrazine bromide domain (BRD), bromodomain andextraterminal (BET) inhibitor. AZD5153 has down-regulated c-Myc gene and tumor growth inhibition activity. AZD5153 can be used in the study of BET small molecule inhibitors [1].

  • CAS Number: 1869912-39-9
  • MF: C25H33N7O3
  • MW: 479.57
  • Catalog: Cancer
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

PF 5006739

PF-5006739 is a potent and selective inhibitor of CK1δ/ε with IC50s of 3.9 nM and 17.0 nM, respectively. PF-5006739 is a potential therapeutic agent for a range of psychiatric disorders with low nanomolar in vitro potency for CK1δ/ε and high kinome selectivity. PF-5006739 attenuats opioid drug-seeking behavior in a rodent operant reinstatement model in animals in a dose-dependent manner[1]. PF-5006739 improves glucose tolerance in both diet-induced obesity (DIO) and genetic (ob/ob) mice models of obesity[2].

  • CAS Number: 1293395-67-1
  • MF: C22H22FN7O
  • MW: 419.455
  • Catalog: Casein Kinase
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 680.9±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 365.6±34.3 °C

N-(Azido-PEG2)-N-Boc-PEG3-NHS ester

N-(Azido-PEG2)-N-Boc-PEG3-NHS ester is a PEG-based PROTAC linker that can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs[1].

  • CAS Number: 2093153-85-4
  • MF: C24H41N5O11
  • MW: 575.61
  • Catalog: PROTAC Linker
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

DPC

Diphenylcyclopropenone (Diphencyprone) is a topical immunomodulatory agent that can be used for alopecia areata research[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 886-38-4
  • MF: C15H10O
  • MW: 206.239
  • Catalog: Inflammation/Immunology
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 407.2±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 118-122 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 182.7±23.7 °C

8-Methyl Chrysophanol

8-Methyl Chrysophanol is an anthraquinone isolated from the bark of Senna macranth[1].

  • CAS Number: 3300-25-2
  • MF: C16H12O4
  • MW: 268.26400
  • Catalog: Others
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

CM 572

A potent, selective, irreversible sigma-2 receptor partial agonist with Ki of 14.6 nM, >700-fold selectivity over sigma-1 receptors; induces dose-dependent cell death in SK-N-SH cells with EC50 of 7.6 uM, also demonstrates selective cytotoxic activity against PANC-1 pancreatic and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines, with no significant effect on normal cells.

  • CAS Number: 1121932-91-9
  • MF: C22H23FN4O2S
  • MW: 426.51
  • Catalog: Sigma Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Zalutumumab

Zalutumumab is a high affinity, completely human IgG1 monoclonal antibody targeting EGFR. Zalutumumab binds to domain III of the EGF receptor and acts by blocking the binding of EGF and by sterically interfering with the active conformation of the receptor. Zalutumumab binds with IgG and its Fab fragment with EC50s of 7 and 19 nM, respectively. Zalutumumab can be used for the research of cancer[1][2][3].

  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Foenumoside B

Foenumoside B is a triterpene saponin isolated from Lysimachia foenum-graecum. Foenumoside B activates AMPK signaling, inhibits PPARγ-induced adipogenesis, and shifts lipid metabolism toward lipolysis. Foenumoside B can be used in the study of obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases[1].

  • CAS Number: 877661-00-2
  • MF: C60H96O25
  • MW: 1217.39
  • Catalog: PPAR
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

NCX-4016

Nitroaspirin (NCX 4016) is a nitric oxide (NO) donor and a nitro-derivative of Aspirin, which combines with Nitroaspirin to inhibit cyclooxygenase. Nitroaspirin (NCX 4016) has antithrombotic and anti-platelet properties and acts as a direct and irreversible inhibitor of COX-1. Nitroaspirin (NCX 4016) causes significant induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in Cisplatin-resistant human ovarian cancer cells via down-regulation of EGFR/PI3K/STAT3 signaling and modulation of Bcl-2 family proteins[1][2][3][4].

  • CAS Number: 175033-36-0
  • MF: C16H13NO7
  • MW: 331.27700
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.347g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 499.3ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: 61-62ºC
  • Flash Point: 214.3ºC

Temocapril (hydrochloride)

Temocapril Hydrochloride is a long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used for the treatment of hypertension. Target: ACETemocapril hydrochloride is a novel prodrug-type angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, lowering of the dose of temocapril might be recommended only in patients with severe renal insufficiency [1]. Temocapril is regarded as an ACE inhibitor the disposition and efficacy of which are little affected in patients with impaired liver function [2].

  • CAS Number: 110221-44-8
  • MF: C23H29ClN2O5S2
  • MW: 513.07
  • Catalog: Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE)
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 717.4ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 196-200ºC (dec)
  • Flash Point: 387.7ºC

Karrikinolide

Karrikinolide is a phytoreactive compound derived from smoke with applications in horticulture, ecological restoration and agriculture. Karrikinolide has a regulatory effect on the concentrations of endogenous cytokinins and growth stimulatory activity in plants[1].

  • CAS Number: 857054-02-5
  • MF: C8H6O3
  • MW: 150.13100
  • Catalog: Others
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Mca-Arg-Pro-Lys-Pro-Val-Glu-Nva-Trp-Arg-Lys(Dnp)-NH2 trifluoroacetate salt

NFF-3, the peptide, is a selective MMP substrate. NFF-3 selectively binds to MMP-3 and MMP-10 to be hydrolyzed. NFF-3 is also cleaved by trypsin, hepatocyte growth factor activator, and factor Xa. Label NFF-3 with a CyDye pair, Cy3/Cy5Q, can produce fluorescence in cell assays to detect cell activity[1].

  • CAS Number: 158584-09-9
  • MF: C78H110N22O20
  • MW: 1675.84
  • Catalog: MMP
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

OGT 2115

OGT 2115 is a potent, cell-permeable and orally active heparanase inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.4 μM. OGT 2115 has anti-angiogenic properties (IC50 of 1 μM). OGT 2115 also inhibits heparan sulfate degradation activity[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 853929-59-6
  • MF: C24H16BrFN2O4
  • MW: 495.297
  • Catalog: Cancer
  • Density: 1.6±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 685.9±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 368.6±31.5 °C

2’-Chloro-N6-(3-methoxy)benzyl adenosine

2’-Chloro-N6-(3-methoxy)benzyl adenosine is a purine nucleoside analog. Purine nucleoside analogs have broad antitumor activity targeting indolent lymphoid malignancies. Anticancer mechanisms in this process rely on inhibition of DNA synthesis, induction of apoptosis, etc[1].

  • CAS Number: 722504-73-6
  • MF: C18H20ClN5O5
  • MW: 421.83
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

AR-R17779 hydrochloride

AR-R17779 hydrochloride is a potent and selective full agonist of nAChR, with Kis of 92 and 16000 nM for α7 and α4β2 subtype, respectively. AR-R17779 hydrochloride can improve learning and memory in rats. AR-R17779 hydrochloride also has anxiolytic activity. AR-R17779 hydrochloride can reduce inflammation by activating antiinflammatory cholinergic (vagal) pathways[1][2][4].

  • CAS Number: 178419-42-6
  • MF: C9H15ClN2O2
  • MW: 218.681
  • Catalog: nAChR
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

N6-(4-Methoxybenzyl)-2’-C-methyl adenosine

N6-(4-Methoxybenzyl)-2’-C-methyl adenosine is a purine nucleoside analog. Purine nucleoside analogs have broad antitumor activity targeting indolent lymphoid malignancies. Anticancer mechanisms in this process rely on inhibition of DNA synthesis, induction of apoptosis, etc[1].

  • CAS Number: 2305415-98-7
  • MF: C19H23N5O5
  • MW: 401.42
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Sulfo DBCO-Maleimide

Mal-Sulfo-DBCO is a cleavable ADC linker used in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs)[1].

  • CAS Number: 2028281-86-7
  • MF: C28H26N4O8S
  • MW: 578.59
  • Catalog: ADC Linker
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

akuammigine

Akuammigine is an alkaloid that can be found in hook-bearing branch of Uncariarhynchophylla. Akuammigine is a is a very weak antagonist at pre- and postsynaptic α-adrenoceptor of the rat vas deferens[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 642-17-1
  • MF: C21H24N2O3
  • MW: 352.43
  • Catalog: Adrenergic Receptor
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 524.0±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 270.7±30.1 °C

Tocainide hydrochloride

Tocainide hydrochloride is a sodium channel blocker, it blocks the sodium channels in the pain-producing foci in the nerve membranes. Tocainide hydrochloride is a primary amine analog of lidocaine, can be used for the treatment of tinnitus[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 71395-14-7
  • MF: C11H17ClN2O
  • MW: 192.25800
  • Catalog: Sodium Channel
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Taraxeryl acetate

Taraxerol acetate is a COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitor with IC50 values of 116.3 μM and 94.7 μM, respectively. Taraxerol acetate the has the anticancer potential and induces cell apoptosis[1].

  • CAS Number: 2189-80-2
  • MF: C32H52O2
  • MW: 468.754
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.0±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 505.1±49.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 303-305ºC
  • Flash Point: 256.2±17.4 °C

Zearalanone

Zearalenone is a nonsteroidal estrogenic mycotoxin produced by Fusarium species, which colonizes several grains. Zearalenone has low acute toxicity and carcinogenicity. Due to its agonistic effect on the estrogen receptor, Zearalenone exhibits distinct estrogenic and anabolic properties in several animal species, resulting in severe effects on the reproductive system[1].

  • CAS Number: 5975-78-0
  • MF: C18H24O5
  • MW: 320.380
  • Catalog: Others
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 576.8±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 184-186ºC
  • Flash Point: 209.2±23.6 °C

MK-8722

MK8722 is a potent and systemic pan-AMPK activator.

  • CAS Number: 1394371-71-1
  • MF: C24H20ClN3O4
  • MW: 449.89
  • Catalog: AMPK
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

L-Glutamine

L-Glutamine is a non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in gastrointestinal disorders.Target: mGluRGlutamine (abbreviated as Gln or Q) is one of the 20 amino acids encoded by the standard genetic code. It is not recognized as an essential amino acid, but may become conditionally essential in certain situations, including intensive athletic training or certain gastrointestinal disorders. Its side-chain is an amide formed by replacing the side-chain hydroxyl of glutamic acid with an amine functional group, making it the amide of glutamic acid. Its codons are CAA and CAG. In human blood, glutamine is the most abundant free amino acid, with a concentration of about 500-900 μmol/L. Glutamine is synthesized by the enzyme glutamine synthetase from glutamate and ammonia. The most relevant glutamine-producing tissue is the muscle mass, accounting for about 90% of all glutamine synthesized. Glutamine is also released, in small amounts, by the lung and the brain. Although the liver is capable of relevant glutamine synthesis, its role in glutamine metabolism is more regulatory than producing, since the liver takes up large amounts of glutamine derived from the gut. The most eager consumers of glutamine are the cells of intestines, the kidney cells for the acid-base balance, activated immune cells, and manycancer cells. In respect to the last point mentioned, different glutamine analogues, such as DON, Azaserine or Acivicin, are tested as anticancer drugs.

  • CAS Number: 56-85-9
  • MF: C5H10N2O3
  • MW: 146.145
  • Catalog: mGluR
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 353.5±52.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 185ºC
  • Flash Point: 167.6±30.7 °C