An Acid is an organic compound with acidic properties, mostly produced in the plants. Some organic acids are with carboxyl group -COOH, group -SO2OH. Other groups can also confer acidity, usually weakly: the thiol group -SH, the enol group, and the phenol group. Organice acids are commonly used for acidulant, antioxidant, flavoring agent, and some possess antibacterial activities. An aldehyde is an organic compound containing a functional group with the structure -CHO, consisting of a carbonyl center (a carbon double-bonded to oxygen) with the carbon atom also bonded to hydrogen and to an R group, which is any generic alkyl or side chain. Many aldehydes are found in essential oils and often contribute to their favorable odors, e.g. cinnamaldehyde, cilantro, and vanillin. Possibly because of the high reactivity of the formyl group, aldehydes are not common in several of the natural building blocks: amino acids, nucleic acids, lipids. Most sugars, however, are derivatives of aldehydes. These aldoses exist as hemiacetals, a sort of masked form of the parent aldehyde. For example, in aqueous solution only a tiny fraction of glucose exists as the aldehyde.


Anti-infection >
Arenavirus Bacterial CMV Enterovirus Filovirus Fungal HBV HCV HIV HSV Influenza Virus Parasite Reverse Transcriptase RSV SARS-CoV
Antibody-drug Conjugate >
ADC Cytotoxin ADC Linker Drug-Linker Conjugates for ADC PROTAC-linker Conjugate for PAC
Apoptosis >
Apoptosis Bcl-2 Family c-Myc Caspase DAPK Ferroptosis IAP MDM-2/p53 PKD RIP kinase Survivin Thymidylate Synthase TNF Receptor
Autophagy >
Autophagy LRRK2 ULK Mitophagy
Cell Cycle/DNA Damage >
Antifolate APC ATM/ATR Aurora Kinase Casein Kinase CDK Checkpoint Kinase (Chk) CRISPR/Cas9 Deubiquitinase DNA Alkylator/Crosslinker DNA-PK DNA/RNA Synthesis Eukaryotic Initiation Factor (eIF) G-quadruplex Haspin Kinase HDAC HSP IRE1 Kinesin LIM Kinase (LIMK) Microtubule/Tubulin Mps1 Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog p97 PAK PARP PERK Polo-like Kinase (PLK) PPAR RAD51 ROCK Sirtuin SRPK Telomerase TOPK Topoisomerase Wee1
Cytoskeleton >
Arp2/3 Complex Dynamin Gap Junction Protein Integrin Kinesin Microtubule/Tubulin Mps1 Myosin PAK
Epigenetics >
AMPK Aurora Kinase DNA Methyltransferase Epigenetic Reader Domain HDAC Histone Acetyltransferase Histone Demethylase Histone Methyltransferase JAK MicroRNA PARP PKC Sirtuin Protein Arginine Deiminase
GPCR/G Protein >
5-HT Receptor Adenosine Receptor Adenylate Cyclase Adiponectin Receptor Adrenergic Receptor Angiotensin Receptor Bombesin Receptor Bradykinin Receptor Cannabinoid Receptor CaSR CCR CGRP Receptor Cholecystokinin Receptor CRFR CXCR Dopamine Receptor EBI2/GPR183 Endothelin Receptor GHSR Glucagon Receptor Glucocorticoid Receptor GNRH Receptor GPCR19 GPR109A GPR119 GPR120 GPR139 GPR40 GPR55 GPR84 Guanylate Cyclase Histamine Receptor Imidazoline Receptor Leukotriene Receptor LPL Receptor mAChR MCHR1 (GPR24) Melatonin Receptor mGluR Motilin Receptor Neurokinin Receptor Neuropeptide Y Receptor Neurotensin Receptor Opioid Receptor Orexin Receptor (OX Receptor) Oxytocin Receptor P2Y Receptor Prostaglandin Receptor Protease-Activated Receptor (PAR) Ras RGS Protein Sigma Receptor Somatostatin Receptor TSH Receptor Urotensin Receptor Vasopressin Receptor Melanocortin Receptor
Immunology/Inflammation >
Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor CCR Complement System COX CXCR FLAP Histamine Receptor IFNAR Interleukin Related IRAK MyD88 NO Synthase NOD-like Receptor (NLR) PD-1/PD-L1 PGE synthase Salt-inducible Kinase (SIK) SPHK STING Thrombopoietin Receptor Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Arginase
JAK/STAT Signaling >
EGFR JAK Pim STAT
MAPK/ERK Pathway >
ERK JNK KLF MAP3K MAP4K MAPKAPK2 (MK2) MEK Mixed Lineage Kinase MNK p38 MAPK Raf Ribosomal S6 Kinase (RSK)
Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel >
ATP Synthase BCRP Calcium Channel CFTR Chloride Channel CRAC Channel CRM1 EAAT2 GABA Receptor GlyT HCN Channel iGluR Monoamine Transporter Monocarboxylate Transporter Na+/Ca2+ Exchanger Na+/HCO3- Cotransporter Na+/K+ ATPase nAChR NKCC P-glycoprotein P2X Receptor Potassium Channel Proton Pump SGLT Sodium Channel TRP Channel URAT1
Metabolic Enzyme/Protease >
15-PGDH 5 alpha Reductase 5-Lipoxygenase Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Acyltransferase Adenosine Deaminase Adenosine Kinase Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) Aldose Reductase Aminopeptidase Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE) ATGL ATP Citrate Lyase Carbonic Anhydrase Carboxypeptidase Cathepsin CETP COMT Cytochrome P450 Dipeptidyl Peptidase Dopamine β-hydroxylase E1/E2/E3 Enzyme Elastase Enolase FAAH FABP Factor Xa Farnesyl Transferase Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) FXR Glucokinase GSNOR Gutathione S-transferase HCV Protease Hexokinase HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase HIV Integrase HIV Protease HMG-CoA Reductase (HMGCR) HSP Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) Lactate Dehydrogenase LXR MAGL Mineralocorticoid Receptor Mitochondrial Metabolism MMP Nampt NEDD8-activating Enzyme Neprilysin PAI-1 PDHK PGC-1α Phosphatase Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Phospholipase Procollagen C Proteinase Proteasome Pyruvate Kinase RAR/RXR Renin ROR Ser/Thr Protease SGK Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD) Thrombin Tryptophan Hydroxylase Tyrosinase Xanthine Oxidase
Neuronal Signaling >
5-HT Receptor AChE Adenosine Kinase Amyloid-β Beta-secretase CaMK CGRP Receptor COMT Dopamine Receptor Dopamine Transporter FAAH GABA Receptor GlyT iGluR Imidazoline Receptor mAChR Melatonin Receptor Monoamine Oxidase nAChR Neurokinin Receptor Opioid Receptor Serotonin Transporter γ-secretase
NF-κB >
NF-κB IKK Keap1-Nrf2 MALT1
PI3K/Akt/mTOR >
Akt AMPK ATM/ATR DNA-PK GSK-3 MELK mTOR PDK-1 PI3K PI4K PIKfyve PTEN
PROTAC >
PROTAC E3 Ligase Ligand-Linker Conjugate Ligand for E3 Ligase PROTAC Linker PROTAC-linker Conjugate for PAC
Protein Tyrosine Kinase/RTK >
Ack1 ALK Bcr-Abl BMX Kinase Btk c-Fms c-Kit c-Met/HGFR Discoidin Domain Receptor DYRK EGFR Ephrin Receptor FAK FGFR FLT3 IGF-1R Insulin Receptor IRAK Itk PDGFR PKA Pyk2 ROS Src Syk TAM Receptor Trk Receptor VEGFR
Stem Cell/Wnt >
Casein Kinase ERK Gli GSK-3 Hedgehog Hippo (MST) JAK Notch Oct3/4 PKA Porcupine ROCK sFRP-1 Smo STAT TGF-beta/Smad Wnt YAP β-catenin γ-secretase
TGF-beta/Smad >
TGF-beta/Smad PKC ROCK TGF-β Receptor
Vitamin D Related >
VD/VDR
Others >
Androgen Receptor Aromatase Estrogen Receptor/ERR Progesterone Receptor Thyroid Hormone Receptor Others

4-Methoxycinnamic acid

4-Methoxycinnamic acid is detected as natural phenylpropanoid in A. preissii.

  • CAS Number: 830-09-1
  • MF: C10H10O3
  • MW: 178.185
  • Catalog: Others
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 342.6±17.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 173.5 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 138.6±14.4 °C

stearic acid

Stearic acid is a long chain dietary saturated fatty acid which exists in many animal and vegetable fats and oils.

  • CAS Number: 57-11-4
  • MF: C18H36O2
  • MW: 284.47700
  • Catalog: Cancer
  • Density: 0.84
  • Boiling Point: 361 °C(lit.)
  • Melting Point: 67-72 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: >230 °F

Decanedioic acid

Decanedioic acid, a normal urinary acid, is found to be associated with carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency and medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency.

  • CAS Number: 111-20-6
  • MF: C10H18O4
  • MW: 202.247
  • Catalog: Metabolic Disease
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 374.3±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 133-137 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 198.3±19.7 °C

p-Hydroxymandelic acid

p-Hydroxymandelic acid is a valuable aromatic fine chemical and widely used for production of pharmaceuticals and food additives.

  • CAS Number: 1198-84-1
  • MF: C8H8O4
  • MW: 168.14700
  • Catalog: Others
  • Density: 1.48 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 405.4ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 82-85 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 213.1ºC

Azelaic acid

Azelaic acid is an organic compound produced by the ozonolysis of oleic acid; component of a number of hair and skin conditioners.

  • CAS Number: 123-99-9
  • MF: C9H16O4
  • MW: 188.221
  • Catalog: Others
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 286 ºC (100 mmHg)
  • Melting Point: 98-103 ºC
  • Flash Point: 215 ºC

2-(2-Methylbenzamido)acetic acid

2-(2-Methylbenzamido)acetic acid is a metabolite detected in urine.

  • CAS Number: 42013-20-7
  • MF: C10H11NO3
  • MW: 193.19900
  • Catalog: Others
  • Density: 1.229 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 419.2ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 161-164 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 207.3ºC

lipoic acid

Lipoic acid ((R)-(+)-α-Lipoic acid) is an antioxidant, which is an essential cofactor of mitochondrial enzyme complexes. (R)-(+)-α-Lipoic acid is more effective than racemic Lipoic acid.

  • CAS Number: 1200-22-2
  • MF: C8H14O2S2
  • MW: 206.326
  • Catalog: Mitochondrial Metabolism
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 362.5±11.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 46-49ºC
  • Flash Point: 173.0±19.3 °C

2-Ketoglutaric acid

2-Ketoglutaric acid is an intermediate compound of the Krebs cycle and is also connected to glutamic acid and glutamine metabolisms through the transamination reactions.

  • CAS Number: 328-50-7
  • MF: C5H6O5
  • MW: 146.098
  • Catalog: Others
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 345.6±25.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 113-115 °C
  • Flash Point: 177.0±19.7 °C

Salvianolic acid A

Salvianolic acid A could protect the blood brain barrier through matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) inhibition and anti-inflammation.

  • CAS Number: 96574-01-5
  • MF: C26H22O10
  • MW: 494.447
  • Catalog: MMP
  • Density: 1.6±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 858.7±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 164-167ºC
  • Flash Point: 292.9±27.8 °C

trans-Vaccenic acid

trans-Vaccenic acid is a precursor for the synthesis of saturated fatty acid in the rumen and of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) at the tissue level.

  • CAS Number: 693-72-1
  • MF: C18H34O2
  • MW: 282.461
  • Catalog: Others
  • Density: 0.9±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 398.2±11.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 44℃
  • Flash Point: 295.0±14.4 °C

Rosmarinic acid

Rosmarinic acid racemate is the racemate of Rosmarinic acid. Rosmarinic acid inhibits MAO-A, MAO-B and COMT enzymes with IC50s of 50.1, 184.6 and 26.7 μM, respectively.

  • CAS Number: 537-15-5
  • MF: C18H16O8
  • MW: 360.315
  • Catalog: Monoamine Oxidase
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 694.7±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 171-175ºC(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 254.5±25.0 °C

Urocanic acid

Urocanic acid, produced in the upper layers of mammalian skin, is a major absorber of ultraviolet radiation (UVR).

  • CAS Number: 104-98-3
  • MF: C6H6N2O2
  • MW: 138.124
  • Catalog: Others
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 456.9±20.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 226-228 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 230.1±21.8 °C

4-Hydroxycyclohexanecarboxylic acid

4-Hydroxycyclohexanecarboxylic acid belongs to the class of organic compounds known as cyclohexanols.

  • CAS Number: 17419-81-7
  • MF: C7H12O3
  • MW: 144.168
  • Catalog: Others
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 307.9±35.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 154.2±22.4 °C

Pimelic acid

Pimelic acid is the organic compound and its derivatives are involved in the biosynthesis of the amino acid called lysine.

  • CAS Number: 111-16-0
  • MF: C7H12O4
  • MW: 160.168
  • Catalog: Metabolic Disease
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 353.7±25.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 103-105 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 181.9±19.7 °C

L-Lactic acid

L-Lactic acid is a buildiing block which can be used as a precursor for the production of the bioplastic polymer poly-lactic acid.

  • CAS Number: 79-33-4
  • MF: C3H6O3
  • MW: 90.078
  • Catalog: Others
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 227.6±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 52-54°C
  • Flash Point: 109.9±16.3 °C

6-Acetamidohexanoic Acid

6-Acetamidohexanoic acid is a pharmaceutical intermediate

  • CAS Number: 57-08-9
  • MF: C8H15NO3
  • MW: 173.210
  • Catalog: Others
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 404.5±28.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 102-104 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 198.4±24.0 °C

N,N-Dimethylglycine

N-Methylsarcosine is an amino acid building block for protein, found in a small amount in the body.

  • CAS Number: 1118-68-9
  • MF: C4H9NO2
  • MW: 103.120
  • Catalog: Others
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 175.2±23.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 178-182 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 59.8±22.6 °C

Ethylmalonic acid

Ethylmalonic acid is non-carcinogenic potentially toxic and associated with anorexia nervosa and malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency.

  • CAS Number: 601-75-2
  • MF: C5H8O4
  • MW: 132.11500
  • Catalog: Metabolic Disease
  • Density: 1.311 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 322.2ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 109-114 ºC
  • Flash Point: 162.9ºC

Indolelactic acid

Indolelactic acid is a tryptophan (Trp) catabolite in Azotobacter vinelandii cultures.

  • CAS Number: 1821-52-9
  • MF: C11H11NO3
  • MW: 205.21000
  • Catalog: Others
  • Density: 1.428g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 477.3ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: 145-146 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 242.4ºC

oleic acid

Oleic acid is an abundant monounsaturated fatty acid.

  • CAS Number: 112-80-1
  • MF: C18H34O2
  • MW: 282.461
  • Catalog: Others
  • Density: 0.9±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 360.0±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 13-14 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 270.1±14.4 °C

Pentanoic acid

Pentanoic acid, a short-chain fatty acid, is a product of bacterial metabolism and are associated with allergic skin disorders. Pentanoic acid activates ROCK signaling pathway.

  • CAS Number: 109-52-4
  • MF: C5H10O2
  • MW: 102.132
  • Catalog: ROCK
  • Density: 1.0±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 185.3±3.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: −20-−18 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 88.9±0.0 °C

2-hydroxyadipic acid

2-Hydroxyadipic acid is an organic acid, formed by the reduction of 2-ketoadipic acid.

  • CAS Number: 18294-85-4
  • MF: C6H10O5
  • MW: 162.141
  • Catalog: Others
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 401.6±30.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 210.8±21.1 °C

D-(−)-Lactic acid

D-(-)-Lactic acid is a normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar.

  • CAS Number: 10326-41-7
  • MF: C3H6O3
  • MW: 90.078
  • Catalog: Metabolic Disease
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 227.6±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 109.9±16.3 °C

Aminolevulinic acid

5-Amino-4-oxopentanoic acid is a non-protein amino acid that plays a rate-limiting role in heme biosynthesis.

  • CAS Number: 106-60-5
  • MF: C5H9NO3
  • MW: 131.130
  • Catalog: Cardiovascular Disease
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 298.4±20.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 134.3±21.8 °C

Arachidonic acid

Arachidonic acid is an essential fatty acid and a major constituent of biomembranes.

  • CAS Number: 506-32-1
  • MF: C20H32O2
  • MW: 304.467
  • Catalog: Inflammation/Immunology
  • Density: 0.9±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 407.5±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: −49 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 336.3±18.0 °C

3-Iodo-L-tyrosine

H-Tyr(3-I)-OH is an effective tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor.

  • CAS Number: 70-78-0
  • MF: C9H10INO3
  • MW: 307.085
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: 1.9±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 391.0±42.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 210 °C (dec.)(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 190.3±27.9 °C

5-Hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic acid

5-Hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic acid is the main metabolite of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (HMF) in the body and eliminated renally.

  • CAS Number: 6338-41-6
  • MF: C6H6O4
  • MW: 142.10900
  • Catalog: Others
  • Density: 1.441 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 349.4ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 247ºC (dec.)
  • Flash Point: 165.1ºC

4-Guanidinobutanoic acid

4-Guanidinobutanoic acid is a normal metabolite present in low concentrations.

  • CAS Number: 463-00-3
  • MF: C5H11N3O2
  • MW: 145.16000
  • Catalog: Others
  • Density: 1.37g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 377ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: 280-282ºC (dec.)
  • Flash Point: 181.8ºC

Nervonic acid

Nervonic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid important in the biosynthesis of myelin.

  • CAS Number: 506-37-6
  • MF: C24H46O2
  • MW: 366.621
  • Catalog: Others
  • Density: 0.9±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 479.2±14.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 42-43 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 375.8±15.2 °C

N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid

N-Acetyl-L-aspartic acid is a derivative of aspartic acid.

  • CAS Number: 997-55-7
  • MF: C6H9NO5
  • MW: 175.139
  • Catalog: Others
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 329.1±52.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 137-140 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 152.8±30.7 °C