3α,7α-Dihydroxycoprostanic acid is an endogenous metabolite. 3α,7α-Dihydroxycoprostanic acid, a bile acid, is the precursor to chenodeoxycholic acid[1].
Lumasiran (ALN-G01), a siRNA product, reduces hepatic oxalate production by targeting glycolate oxidase. By silencing the gene encoding glycolate oxidase, Lumasiran depletes glycolate oxidase and thereby inhibits the synthesis of oxalate, which is the toxic metabolite that is directly associated with the clinical manifestations of Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1)[1][2].
Urocortin II, mouse is a potent and selective endogenous peptide agonist of type-2 corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF2) receptor with Ki values of 0.66 nM and ﹥100 nM for CRFR2 and CRFR1, respectively. Urocortin II, mouse activates CRF2 receptors in a cAMP/PKA- and Ca2+/CaMKII-dependent manner.Urocortin II, mouse is expressed in discrete areas of the central nervous system, and activates central neurons involved in the processing of visceral sensory information, and in modulating autonomic outflow[1][2][3].
PI3KC2α-IN-2 is a potent and selective PI3KC2α inhibitor (IC50: 121 nM). PI3KC2α-IN-2 interacts with the ATP-binding site of PI3KC2α.. PI3KC2α-IN-2 can be used in the research of thrombosis, diabetes and cancers[1].
FXR antagonist 2 (compound A-26) is a diarylamide derivative, as well as a moderate FXR antagonist. FXR antagonist 2 can be used in the study of hyperlipidemia and type 2 diabetes[1].
(E/Z)-GSK-3β inhibitor 1 is a racemic compound of (E)-GSK-3β inhibitor 1 and (Z)-GSK-3β inhibitor 1 isomers. GSK-3β inhibitor 1 (compound 3a) is a glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) inhibitor and demonstrates high antidiabetic efficacy, with an IC50 of 4.9 nM[1].
GSK3-IN-2 (compound 8) is a potent GSK3 inhibitor[1].
DPP-4 inhibitor 3 (Compound 5a) is a potent dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.75 nM. DPP-4 inhibitor 3 shows excellent antioxidant and insulinotropic activity[1].
ASP7657 (ASP-7657) is a potent, selective, orally active prostaglandin EP4 receptor antagonist with Ki values of 6.02 nM and 2.21 nM for rat and human EP4 receptors, resepctively; potently inhibits the PGE2-induced cAMP increase in CHO cells expressing rat EP4 receptors and human lymphoblastoid T (Jurkat) cells, with IC50 values of 0.86 nM and 0.29 nM, respectively; does not inhibit the PGE2-induced intracellular calcium increase in HEK293 cells expressing rat EP1 and EP3 receptors, or cAMP increase in CHO cells expressing rat EP2 receptors; dose-dependently inhibits the PGE2-mediated inhibition of LPS-induced TNF-α release from rat whole blood culture, attenuates albuminuria in type 2 diabetic mice at dose of 0.1 mg/kg. Diabetes Phase 1 Discontinued
Isorhamnetin 3,7-di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, a major flavonoid compound, is metabolized in vivo by intestinal bacteria to isorhamnetin and that isorhamnetin plays an important role as an antioxidant[1].
Diphenyl Phosphate inhibits growth and energy metabolism of zebrafish in a sex-specific manner.
SQDG is a glycolipid that possesses sugar moieties in their head groups. SQDG is a membrane lipid that can be used to investigate the effects of structural lipid in LNP formulations[1].
Glibenclamide(Glyburide) is a sulfonylurea compound that modulates insulin production. IC50 value:Target:Sulfonylureas bind to ATP-dependent K+ channels in beta cells of the pancreas, depolarizing them and stimulating the release of Ca2+, which in turn stimulates insulin production. Glibenclamide, a sulphonylurea oral hypoglycaemic agent is a widely used antagonist of cromakalim-activated K+ channels in smooth muscle. Binding of Gli to SUR produces the closure of KATP channels and the inhibition of their activity. Glibenclamide is widely used for treatment of type 2-diabetes and it has been signaled as antiproliferative in several tumor cell lines.
Ritivixibat is an inhibitor of ileal bile acid transporter (IBAT), as well as a bile acid modulator. Ritivixibat can be used for research of cardiovascular diseases, fatty acid metabolism and glucose utilization disorders, gastrointestinal diseases and liver diseases[1][2].
Lixisenatide acetate is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist that can be used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Crinecerfont (SSR-125543) hydrochloride is a potent, orally active, non-peptide CRF1 receptor antagonist. Crinecerfont can be used for Classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) research[1].
BCPA is a Pin1 regulator without cytotoxicity. BCPA attenuates the reduction of Pin1 protein to inhibit receptor activator of RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. BCPA regulates osteoclast activation, used to osteoporosis research[1].
Alcohol oxidase is a functional enzyme of methanol utilization pathway and can be isolated from yeast peroxisome[1].
Bamaquimast is an inhibitor of proton pump extracted from patent US2005165041, example 138.
(R)-2-Hydroxybutanoic acid is the inactive isomer of 2-Hydroxybutyric acid (HY-113381), and can be used as an experimental control. 2-Hydroxybutyric acid (α-Hydroxybutyric acid ) is converted from 2-Aminobutyric acid, with 2-oxobutyric acid as an intermediate metabolite[1].
The acceptor is Galβ1,3GalNAc-R, where R is H, a threonine or serine residue in a glycoprotein, or a glycolipid. Lactose can also act as acceptor. May be identical with EC 2.4.99.2 monosialoganglioside sialyltransferase. Reaction: CMP-N-acetylneuraminate + β-D-galactosyl-(1→3)-N-acetyl-α-D-galactosaminyl-R = CMP + α-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2→3)-β-D-galactosyl-(1→3)-N-acetyl-α-D-galactosaminyl-R
D-Iditol is a fungal metabolite, a sugar alcohol that accumulates in galactokinase deficiency. D-Iditol may have potential antitumour activity[1].
hiCE inhibitor-1, a sulfonamide derivative, is a selective human intestinal enzyme (hiCE) inhibitor with a Ki value of 53.3 nM. hiCE inhibitor-1 can be used to improve Irinotecan (HY-16562)-induced diarrhoea[1].
α-L-Rhamnose monohydrate is a component of the plant cell wall pectic polysaccharides rhamnogalacturonan I and rhamnogalacturonan II. α-L-Rhamnose monohydrate is also a component of bacterial polysaccharides where it plays an important role in pathogenicity.
Pancreatic Polypeptide, bovine, a 36-amino acid, straight chain polypeptide derived primarily from the pancreas, inhibits secretin- and cholecystokinin-stimulated pancreatic secretion; Pancreatic Polypeptide, bovine acts as an agonist of NPY receptor, with high affinity at NPYR4.
VULM 1457 is a potent inhibitor of cholesterol acyltransferase (acyl-CoA). VULM1457 significantly reduces production and secretion of adrenomedullin (AM) and down-regulates AM receptors on human hepatoblastic cells. VULM 1457 has remarkable hypolipidaemic activity and improves the overall myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury outcomes. VULM 1457 has the potential for the research of diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolaemia[1][2].
24, 25-Dihydroxy VD3 is a compound which is closely related to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, the active form of vitamin D3, but like vitamin D3 itself and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 is inactive as a hormone both in vitro and in vivo.
Oleic acid-d9 is deuterium labeled Oleic acid. Oleic acid is an abundant monounsaturated fatty acid. Oleic acid is a Na+/K+ ATPase activator[1][2].
nor-NOHA acetate is a specific and reversible arginase inhibitor, induces apoptosis in ARG2-expressing cells under hypoxia but not normoxia. Anti-leukemic activity, effective in endothelial dysfunction, immunosuppression and metabolism[1].
Ampkinone is an indirect AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator.