3-Chloro-5-hydroxybenzoic acid is a potent, orally active and selective lactate receptor GPR81 agonist, with an EC50 of 16 μM for human GPR81. 3-Chloro-5-hydroxybenzoic acid exhibits favorable in vivo effects on lipolysis in a mouse model of obesity[1].
L-Phenylalanine-13C9,d8,15N ((S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid-13C9,d8,15N) is the deuterium, 13C-, and 15-labeled L-Phenylalanine. L-Phenylalanine ((S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid) is an essential amino acid isolated from Escherichia coli. L-Phenylalanine is a α2δ subunit of voltage-dependent Ca+ channels antagonist with a Ki of 980 nM. L-phenylalanine is a competitive antagonist for the glycine- and glutamate-binding sites of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) (KB of 573 μM ) and non-NMDARs, respectively. L-Phenylalanine is widely used in the production of food flavors and pharmaceuticals[1][2][3][4].
Nordeoxycholic acid is a 23-carbon bile acid. Nordeoxycholic acid is a norcholic acid metabolite and a steroid human metabolite[1].
2'-Deoxyguanosine 5'-monophosphate disodium (5′-dGMP disodium) is a mononucleotide having guanine as the nucleobase. 2'-Deoxyguanosine 5'-monophosphate disodium is a nucleic acid guanosine triphosphate (GTP) derivative[1].
Thr101, also known as NOX Inhibitor VII, is a dose-dependent inhibitor of HDAC1, HDAC3, HDAC4, HDAC5, HDAC6, HDAC7, HDAC8, and HDAC9. Thr101 is also a NOX inhibitor.
Tirzepatide (LY3298176) is a dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist that is being developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Tirzepatide (LY3298176) shows significantly better efficacy with regard to glucose control and weight loss than do Dulaglutide[1].
Pipecolic acid is a metabolite of lysine.
5-Aminolevulinic acid HCl is an intermediate in heme biosynthesis in the body and the universal precursor of tetrapyrroles.Target: Others5-Aminolevulinic acid is a non-fluorescent prodrug that leads to intracellular accumulation of fluorescent porphyrins in malignant gliomas-a finding that is under investigation for intraoperative identification and resection of these tumours. Median follow-up was 35.4 months (95% CI 1.0-56.7). Contrast-enhancing tumour was resected completely in 90 (65%) of 139 patients assigned 5-aminolevulinic acid compared with 47 (36%) of 131 assigned white light (difference between groups 29% [95% CI 17-40], p<0.0001). Patients allocated 5-aminolevulinic acid had higher 6-month progression free survival than did those allocated white light (41.0% [32.8-49.2] vs 21.1% [14.0-28.2]; difference between groups 19.9% [9.1-30.7], p=0.0003, Z test) [1]. 5-ALA alone proved to be insufficient in attaining gross total resection without the danger of incurring postoperative neurological deterioration. Furthermore, in the case of functional grade III gliomas, iMRI in combination with functional neuronavigation was significantly superior to the 5-ALA resection technique [2].
Galactose 1-phosphate Potassium salt is is an intermediate in the galactose metabolism and nucleotide sugars.
(-)-Fucose is classified as a member of the hexoses, plays a role in A and B blood group antigen substructure determination, selectin-mediated leukocyte-endothelial adhesion, and host-microbe interactions.
Pparδ agonist 8 is a potent agonist of Pparδ. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) is a member of the intranuclear receptor transcription factor superfamily that plays a key role in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis, inflammation, cell growth and differentiation in vivo. Pparδ agonist 8 has the potential for the research of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (extracted from patent WO2021169769A1, compound TM2)[1].
Sp-cAMPS triethylamine, a cAMP analog, is potent activator of cAMP-dependent PKA I and PKA II. Sp-cAMPS triethylamine is also a potent, competitive phosphodiesterase (PDE3A) inhibitor with a Ki of 47.6 µM. Sp-cAMPS triethylamine binds the PDE10 GAF domain with an EC50 of 40 μM[1][2][3].
Vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist 1 (Compound 4g) is a vasopressin V2 receptor (V2R) antagonist with a Ki of 3.8 nM. Vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist 1 can be used for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) research[1].
Exendin (9-39) is a specific and competitive glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor antagonist.
VU661, a phenazine carboxamide, is a modulator of circadian rhythms to produce a period lengthening of the circadian rhythm. VU661 is a redox-active small molecule [1].
Licarin B, a nitric oxide production inhibitor extracted from the component of the seeds of Myristica fragrans, improves insulin sensitivity via PPARγ and activation of GLUT4 in the IRS-1/PI3K/AKT pathway[1][2][3].
Olmesartan impurity is an Olmesartan impurity. Olmesartan (RNH-6270) is an angiotensin II receptor (AT1R) antagonist has the potential for high blood pressure study[1][2].
GIP (1-30) amide, porcine is a full glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonist with high affinity equal to native GIP(1-42)[1].
GLP-1R agonist 3 is a potent agonist of GLP-1R. GLP-1R agonist 3 is a thickened imidazole derivative compound. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an intestinal hypoglycemic hormone secreted by L-cells in the lower gastrointestinal tract. GLP-1R agonist 3 has the potential for the research of diabetes (extracted from patent WO2021197464A1, compound 1)[1].
Ruboxistaurin hydrochloride is a selective and ATP-competitive PKCβ inhibitor, with IC50s of 4.7 and 5.9 nM for PKCβI and PKCβII, shows less potent inhibition on PKCη (IC50, 52 nM), PKCα (IC50, 360 nM), PKCγ (IC50, 300 nM), PKCδ (IC50, 250 nM), and has no effect on PKCζ (IC50, >100 μM).
Morroniside has neuroprotective effect by inhibiting neuron apoptosis and MMP2/9 expression.
Lesogaberan (AZD-3355) is a potent and selective GABAB receptor agonist with an EC50 of 8.6 nM for human recombinant GABAB receptors. Binding affinity (Kis) of 5.1 nM and 1.4 μM for rat brain GABAB and GABAA receptors, respectively[1].
D-Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic agent and a weak renal vasodilator.Target: OthersD(-)Mannitol is a sugar alcohol that can be used as an inert osmotic control substance. The uptake and phosphorylation of d-mannitol is catalyzed by the mannitol-specific phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase systems (PTS). Mannitol can interact with neutrophils and monocytes. Experiments have shown that it is able to decrease neutrophil apoptosis in vitro. The compound has been used in studies as a stimulator of cecal microbial growth and cellulolytic activity in rabbits. It has been observed that mannitol can lower the fat digestibility and body fat accumulation in both normal and cecectomized rats, as well as upregulate monocyte HLA-DR, monocyte and neutrophil CD11b. Studies show that the mannitol operon is repressed by the transcription factor, mannitol operon repressor (MtlR) in Escherichia coli [1-3].
HPSE1-IN-2 (compound 2) is a Heparanase-1 (HPSE1) inhibitor that also inhibits exo-β-d-glucuronidase (GUSβ) and glucocerebrosidase (GBA) activity[1].
RGLS4326 (RG4326) is a first-in-class, short oligonucleotide inhibitor of microRNA-17 (miR-17). RGLS4326 can be used for the research of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). RGLS4326 inhibits miR-17 function in HeLa cells with an EC50 value of 28.3 nM[1].
Phosphoglucomutase is often used in biochemical studies. Phosphoglucomutase is an enzyme that can transfer the phosphate group on the α-D-glucose monomer forward from the 1-position to the 6-position or reversely transfer from the 6-position to the 1-position, and promote the glucose-1-phosphate and glucose-6-phosphate Transform each other. Phosphoglucomutase is a key enzyme in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, and plays an important role in the metabolism of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids[1].
Lutein dipalmitate (Helenien), a Lutein ester, is a dominant compound in Lutein supplement[1].
RORγ-IN-1 is a RORγ inhibitor extracted from patent US 9481674 B1, has a Ki of <100 nM.
9,10-Dihydroxystearic acid is an oxidation product of oleic acid. 9,10-Dihydroxystearic acid can improve glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in KKAy mice[1].
Dihydrocapsiate, as a compound of capsinoid family, is an orally active TRPV1 agonist. Dihydrocapsiate can be used for the research of metabolism disease[1].