Risperidone is a serotonin 5-HT2 receptor blocker, P-Glycoprotein inhibitor and potent dopamine D2 receptor antagonist, with Kis of 4.8, 5.9 nM for 5-HT2A and dopamine D2 receptor, respectively.
Chrysosplenetin is one of the polymethoxylated flavonoids in Artemisia annua L. (Compositae) and other several Chinese herbs. Chrysosplenetin inhibits P-gp activity and reverses the up-regulated P-gp and MDR1 levels induced by artemisinin (ART). Chrysosplenetin significantly augments the rat plasma level and anti-malarial efficacy of ART, partially due to the uncompetitive inhibition effect of Chrysosplenetin on rat CYP3A[1].
Isosinensetin, a polymethoxylated flavone extracted from pericarpium citri reticulatae viride, exhibits inhibition on P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in MDR1-MDCKII cells[1][2].
OY-101 is an orally active, potent and specific P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor. OY-101 can sensitize drug-resistant tumors and effectively reverse tumor multidrug resistance. OY-101 is improvements in water-solubility, cytotoxicity, and reversal activity compared to Tetrandrine (HY-13764)[1].
Hypophyllanthin is a major lignan in Phyllanthus spp, with strong anti-inflammatory activity. Hypophyllanthin directly inhibits P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity and did not interfere with multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2) activity[1][2].
FD 12-9 is a flavonoid dimer, acts as a dual inhibitor of P-gp and BCRP, with EC50s of 285 nM and 0.9 nM, respectively. Anti-glioblastoma activity[1].
MCI826 is a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) antagonist.
Alisol F is a natural product.
MCT1-IN-3 is a monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 81.0 nM. MCT1-IN-3 has also significant inhibitivity against the multidrug transporter ABCB1. MCT1-IN-3 can be used for the research of cancer[1].
Reversan (CBLC4H10) is a potent and nontoxic multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) and P-glycoprotein (Pgp) inhibitor[1][2].
P-gp inhibitor 14 (Compound 8a) is a high affinity P-gp inhibitor. P-gp inhibitor 14 reverses P-gp-mediated multidrug resistance (EC50=48.74 nM). P-gp inhibitor 14 has a weak inhibitory effect on CYP3A4 activity[1].
Laniquidar (R101933) is a noncompetitive, third generation P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.51 μM. Laniquidar can be used for modulating multidrug resistance transporters[1]. Laniquidar can also be used for studying acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)[2]. Laniquidar has limited oral bioavailability[3].
Convallatoxin is a cardiac glycoside isolated from Adonis amurensis Regel et Radde. Convallatoxin ameliorates colitic inflammation via activation of PPARγ and suppression of NF-κB. Convallatoxin is a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate and recognized Val982 as an important amino acid involved in its transport. Convallatoxin is an enhancer of ligand-induced MOR endocytosis with high potency and efficacy. Anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative properties[1][2][3].
P-gp inhibitor 4 (Compound 8b) is a selective P-glycoprotein modulator with an EC50 of 94 nM. P-gp inhibitor 4 increases drug transport across gastro-intestinal barrier and recovers doxorubicin toxicity in multidrug resistant cancer cells[1].
Coniferyl ferulate, a strong inhibitor of glutathione S-transferase (GST) isolated from Radix Angelicae sinensis, reverses multidrug resistance and downregulates P-glycoprotein. Coniferyl ferulate shows strong inhibition of human placental GST with an IC50 of 0.3 μM[1].
Dofequidar fumarate(MS-209 fumarate), an orally active quinoline compound, has been reported to overcome MDR by inhibiting ABCB1/P-gp, ABCC1/MDR-associated protein 1, or both.IC50 value: Target: P-gpin vitro: MS-209 at 3 microM effectively overcame docetaxel resistance in MDR cancer cells, and this concentration was achieved in blood plasma for > 7 h without serious toxicity [1]. MS-209 restored chemosensitivity of SBC-3 / ADM cells to VP-16, ADM, and VCR in a dose-dependent manner in vitro [2]. dofequidar inhibits the efflux of chemotherapeutic drugs and increases the sensitivity to anticancer drugs in CSC-like side population (SP) cells isolated from various cancer cell lines. Dofequidar treatment greatly reduced the cell number in the SP fraction [3]. In 4-1St cells, which are extremely resistant to ADM and VCR, MS-209 at a concentration of 3 microM enhanced the cytotoxicity of ADM and VCR, 88- and 350-fold, respectively [4]. in vivo: Treatment with docetaxel alone at the maximal tolerated dose (MTD) showed an apparent antitumor activity to an intrinsically resistant HCT-15 tumor xenograft, and MS-209 additionally potentiated the antitumor activity of docetaxel. Against a MCF-7/ADM tumor xenograft expressing larger amounts of P-gp, docetaxel alone at the MTD showed no antitumor activity, whereas the MTD of docetaxel combined with MS-209 greatly reduced MCF-7/ADM tumor growth [1]. Intravenous injection with SBC-3 or SBC-3 / ADM cells produced metastatic colonies in the liver, kidneys and lymph nodes in natural killer (NK) cell-depleted severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice, though SBC-3 / ADM cells more rapidly produced metastases than did SBC-3 cells. Treatment with VP-16 and ADM reduced metastasis formation by SBC-3 cells, whereas the same treatment did not affect metastasis by SBC-3 / ADM cells. Although MS-209 alone had no effect on metastasis by SBC-3 or SBC-3 / ADM cells, combined use of MS-209 with VP-16 or ADM resulted in marked inhibition of metastasis formation by SBC-3 / ADM cells to multiple organs [2].
FM04 is a potent P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor (EC50=83 nM). FM04 inhibits P-gp in 2 mechanism: (1)FM04 binds to Q1193, followed by interacting with the functionally critical residues H1195 and T1226; or (2)FM04 binds to I1115 (a functionally critical residue itself), disrupting the R262-Q1081-Q1118 interaction pocket and uncoupling ICL2-NBD2 interaction and thereby inhibiting P-gp[1].
Elacridar is a potent P-glycoprotein (Pgp) and BCRP inhibitor.