Most of molecules enter or leave cells mainly via membrane transport proteins, which play important roles in several cellular functions, including cell metabolism, ion homeostasis, signal transduction, binding with small molecules in extracellular space, the recognition process in the immune system, energy transduction, osmoregulation, and physiological and developmental processes. There are three major types of transport proteins, ATP-powered pumps, channel proteins and transporters.

ATP-powered pumps are ATPases that use the energy of ATP hydrolysis to move ions or small molecules across a membrane against a chemical concentration gradient or electric potential. Channel proteins transport water or specific types of ions down their concentration or electric potential gradients. Many other types of channel proteins are usually closed, and open only in response to specific signals. Because these types of ion channels play a fundamental role in the functioning of nerve cells. Transporters, a third class of membrane transport proteins, move a wide variety of ions and molecules across cell membranes. Membrane transporters either enhance or restrict drug distribution to the target organs. Depending on their main function, these membrane transporters are divided into two categories: the efflux (export) and the influx (uptake) transporters.

Transport proteins such as channels and transporters play important roles in the maintenance of intracellular homeostasis, and mutations in these transport protein genes have been identified in the pathogenesis of a number of hereditary diseases. In the central nervous system ion channels have been linked to many diseases such, but not limited to, ataxias, paralyses, epilepsies, and deafness indicative of the roles of ion channels in the initiation and coordination of movement, sensory perception, and encoding and processing of information. Furthermore, drug transporters can serve as drug targets or as a mechanism to facilitate drug delivery to cells and tissues.

References:
[1] Sadée W, et al. Pharm Res. 1995 Dec;12(12):1823-37.
[2] Girardin F. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2006;8(3):311-21.
[3] Zaydman MA, et al. Chem Rev. 2012 Dec 12;112(12):6319-33.
[4] Mishra NK, et al. PLoS One. 2014 Jun 26;9(6):e100278.


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DAA-1106

DAA1106 is a potent and selective ligand for peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR), as a potent and selective agonist at the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor.Target:PBRin vitro: DAA1106 binding to PBR was significantly increased in widespread areas in MCI subjects when compared to healthy controls.[1] DAA-1106 is a drug which acts as a potent and selective agonist at the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor, also known as the mitochondrial 18 kDa translocator protein or TSPO, but with no affinity at the GABAA receptor. [2]in vivo: DAA-1106 has anxiolytic effects in animal studies. DAA-1106 has a sub-nanomolar binding affinity (Ki) of 0.28nM, and has been used extensively in its 3H or 11C radiolabelled form to map TSPO in the body and brain, which has proved especially helpful in monitoring the progress of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. [2]

  • CAS Number: 220551-92-8
  • MF: C23H22FNO4
  • MW: 395.42300
  • Catalog: GABA Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

UK-240455

UK-240455 is a potent and selective N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) glycine site antagonist.

  • CAS Number: 178908-09-3
  • MF: C11H11Cl2N3O5S
  • MW: 368.19
  • Catalog: iGluR
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

capsaicin

Capsaicin is a TRPV1 agonist with an EC50 of 0.29 μM in HEK293 cells.

  • CAS Number: 404-86-4
  • MF: C18H27NO3
  • MW: 305.412
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: 1.0±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 469.7±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 62-65 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 237.9±31.5 °C

Onfasprodil

Onfasprodil is negative allosteric modulator of NR2B. Onfasprodil in combination with GABA receptor regulator has the potential for the research of Alzheimer's disease (extracted from patent CN111481543A)[1].

  • CAS Number: 1892581-29-1
  • MF: C20H23FN2O3
  • MW: 358.41
  • Catalog: iGluR
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

1,1'-Diheptyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dibromide

DHBP dibromide is an inhibitor for calcium release and a muscle relaxant.

  • CAS Number: 6159-05-3
  • MF: C24H38Br2N2
  • MW: 514.380
  • Catalog: Calcium Channel
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: 285 °C (dec.)(lit.)
  • Flash Point: N/A

Ginsenoside Rc

Ginsenoside Rc, one of major Ginsenosides from Panax ginseng, enhances GABA receptorA (GABAA)-mediated ion channel currents (IGABA). Ginsenoside Rc inhibits the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β.

  • CAS Number: 11021-14-0
  • MF: C53H90O22
  • MW: 1079.269
  • Catalog: TNF Receptor
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 1128.3±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 636.2±34.3 °C

Lu AE98134

Lu AE98134, an activator of voltage-gated sodium channels, acts as a partly selective Nav1.1 channels positive modulator. Lu AE98134 also increases the activity of Nav1.2 and Nav1.5 channels but not of Nav1.4, Nav1.6 and Nav1.7 channels. Lu AE98134 can be used to analyze pathophysiological functions of the Nav1.1 channel in various central nervous system diseases, including cognitive restoring in schizophrenia, et al[1].

  • CAS Number: 849000-18-6
  • MF: C21H23N5O3S
  • MW: 425.50
  • Catalog: Sodium Channel
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Istaroxime (hydrochloride)

Istaroxime hydrochloride is a potent inhibitor of Na+,K+-ATPase with IC50 of 0.11 μM.

  • CAS Number: 374559-48-5
  • MF: C21H33ClN2O3
  • MW: 396.95100
  • Catalog: Na+/K+ ATPase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Etifoxine-d3

Etifoxine-d3 is the deuterium labeled Etifoxine. Etifoxine, a non-benzodiazepine GABAergic compound, is a positive allosteric modulator of α1β2γ2 and α1β3γ2 subunit-containing GABAA receptors. Etifoxine reveals anxiolytic and anticonvulsant properties in rodents[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 1246815-89-3
  • MF: C17H14D3ClN2O
  • MW: 303.80
  • Catalog: GABA Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

SSR125543

Crinecerfont (SSR-125543) hydrochloride is a potent, orally active, non-peptide CRF1 receptor antagonist. Crinecerfont can be used for Classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) research[1].

  • CAS Number: 752253-39-7
  • MF: C27H28ClFN2OS
  • MW: 483.04000
  • Catalog: CFTR
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

OC 144-093

ONT-093 is a potent inhibitor of P-glycoprotein pump. ONT-093 has the potential for the research cancer diseases[1].

  • CAS Number: 216227-54-2
  • MF: C32H38N4O
  • MW: 494.67000
  • Catalog: P-glycoprotein
  • Density: 1.116g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 698.2ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 376ºC

Hydroxylamine, O-(carboxymethyl)-

Aminooxyacetic acid (Carboxymethoxylamine) is a malate-aspartate shuttle (MAS) inhibitor. Aminooxyacetic acid also inhibits the GABA degradating enzyme GABA-T.

  • CAS Number: 645-88-5
  • MF: C2H5NO3
  • MW: 91.07
  • Catalog: GABA Receptor
  • Density: 1.375g/ml
  • Boiling Point: 327℃
  • Melting Point: 138℃
  • Flash Point: 151℃

β-Bag Cell Peptide (Aplysia californica) trifluoroacetate salt

β-Bag cell peptide is a neuroactive peptide. β-Bag cell peptide elevates cyclic AMP levels in the bag cell neurons. β-Bag cell peptide decreases the amplitudes of the voltage-dependent potassium currents[1].

  • CAS Number: 109024-47-7
  • MF: C33H53N13O6
  • MW: 727.857
  • Catalog: Potassium Channel
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 995.4±75.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 555.8±37.1 °C

Piracetam-d8

Piracetam-d8 (UCB-6215-d8) is the deuterium labeled Piracetam. Piracetam (UCB-6215) is a cyclic derivative of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), used in treatment of a wide range of cognitive disorders[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1329799-64-5
  • MF: C6H2D8N2O2
  • MW: 150.21
  • Catalog: iGluR
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

AMPA/kainate antagonist-1

AMPA receptor antagonist-2 (example 23) is an AMPA receptor antagonist[1].

  • CAS Number: 732277-05-3
  • MF: C18H17N3O4
  • MW: 339.35
  • Catalog: iGluR
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Quinine sulfate dihydrate

Quinine sulfate hydrate (2:1:4) is an orally active alkaloid extracted from cinchona bark and can be used in anti-malarial studies. Quinine sulfate hydrate (2:1:4) is a potassium channel inhibitor that inhibits WT mouse Slo3 (KCa5.1) channel currents evoked by voltage pulses to +100 mV with an IC50 of 169 μM[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 6119-70-6
  • MF: C20H30N2O8S
  • MW: 458.53
  • Catalog: Potassium Channel
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 495.9ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 233-235ºC
  • Flash Point: 253.7ºC

Omeprazole magnesium

Omeprazole magnesium is an orally active proton pump inhibitor (PPI) and can suppress gastric acid. Omeprazole magnesium can be used for acid reflux-related symptoms and frequent heartburn research[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 95382-33-5
  • MF: C17H19MgN3O3S
  • MW: 713.121
  • Catalog: Proton Pump
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 600ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 316.7ºC

S-8510 phosphate

S-8510 (phosphate) is an inverse Benzodiazepine (BDZ) receptor agonist, with Kis of 34.6 nM, 36.2 nM for –GABA and +GABA respectively.

  • CAS Number: 151466-23-8
  • MF: C12H13N4O6P
  • MW: 340.22900
  • Catalog: GABA Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 393.4ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 191.7ºC

Amidonal

Aprindine hydrochloride is a class I-b anti-arrhythmic agent and a hERG channel blocker with an IC50 of 0.23 μM[1]. Aprindine hydrochloride has inhibitory effects on Na+/Ca2+ exchanger currents, which is partly responsible for their antiarrhythmic and cardioprotective effects. Aprindine hydrochloride is widely used for trial and ventricular tachyarrhythmias treatment research[2].

  • CAS Number: 33237-74-0
  • MF: C22H31ClN2
  • MW: 358.94800
  • Catalog: Potassium Channel
  • Density: 1.046g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 450.9ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: 120-121°
  • Flash Point: 202ºC

CP-628006

CP-628006, a small molecule CFTR potentiator, restores ATP-dependent channel gating to the cystic fibrosis mutant G551D-CFTR.

  • CAS Number: 305822-08-6
  • MF: C32H35F3N2O2
  • MW: 536.63
  • Catalog: CFTR
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

α,β-Methylene-ATP dilithium

α,β-Methylene ATP dilithium, a phosphonic analog of ATP, is a P2X3 and P2X7 receptor ligand[1]. α,β-Methylene ATP dilithium is a highly selective agonist for P2X1 and P2X3, with practically no activity at P2X2,4-7[2].

  • CAS Number: 104809-20-3
  • MF: C11H18Li2N5O12P3
  • MW: 519.09
  • Catalog: P2X Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

(S)-(-)-Levamisole

(S)-(-)-Levamisole (Levamisole), an anthelmintic agent with immunomodulatory properties. (S)-(-)-Levamisole acts as a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) for the α3β2 (EC50=300 μM) and α3β4 (EC50=100 μM) subtype of nAChRs. Orally active[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 14769-73-4
  • MF: C11H12N2S
  • MW: 204.291
  • Catalog: nAChR
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 344.4±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 230 - 233ºC
  • Flash Point: 162.1±28.7 °C

Pregnanolone sulfate (pyridinium)

Pregnanolone sulfate pyridinium is an endogenous neurosteroid that inhibits NMDA receptors and is neuroprotective[1].

  • CAS Number: 124107-39-7
  • MF: C26H39NO5S
  • MW: 477.65700
  • Catalog: iGluR
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Isonipecotic acid

Isonipecotic acid is a GABAA receptor partial agonist[1].

  • CAS Number: 498-94-2
  • MF: C6H11NO2
  • MW: 129.157
  • Catalog: GABA Receptor
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 265.8±33.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: >300 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 114.5±25.4 °C

McN5691

McN5691 is a voltage-sensitive calcium channel blocker.

  • CAS Number: 99254-95-2
  • MF: C30H35NO3
  • MW: 457.604
  • Catalog: Calcium Channel
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 595.6±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 156.4±27.3 °C

UK-52831

UK-52831, a calcium channel antagonist, is used potentially for the treatment of hypertension and myocardia ischemia.

  • CAS Number: 93118-77-5
  • MF: C22H26Cl2N6O5
  • MW: 525.39
  • Catalog: Calcium Channel
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

MSP3

MSP-3 is a potent TRPV1 agonist, with an EC50 of 0.87 μM. MSP-3 exhibits neuroprotective and antinociceptive effects[1].

  • CAS Number: 1820968-63-5
  • MF: C16H19NO3S
  • MW: 305.392
  • Catalog: TRP Channel
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 552.3±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 287.8±30.1 °C

Nav1.7-IN-6

Nav1.7-IN-6 (example 346) is a Nav1.7 selective inhibitor, which is extracted from patent WO2015078374A1[1].

  • CAS Number: 1788066-71-6
  • MF: C25H25ClF6N2O4S
  • MW: 598.99
  • Catalog: Sodium Channel
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

HN37

HN37 as a potent and chemically stable antiepileptic drug candidate, with an EC50 of 37 nM for KCNQ2[1].

  • CAS Number: 1821222-10-9
  • MF: C20H21FN2O2
  • MW: 340.39
  • Catalog: Potassium Channel
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone-d3

Tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone-d3 is the deuterium labeled Tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone. Tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone, an neurosteroid, is a potent positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of GABAA receptor. Tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone has potent neuroinhibitory properties[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 72205-58-4
  • MF: C21H31D3O3
  • MW: 337.51
  • Catalog: GABA Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A