G Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) perceive many extracellular signals and transduce them to heterotrimeric G proteins, which further transduce these signals intracellular to appropriate downstream effectors and thereby play an important role in various signaling pathways. G proteins are specialized proteins with the ability to bind the nucleotides guanosine triphosphate (GTP) and guanosine diphosphate (GDP). In unstimulated cells, the state of G alpha is defined by its interaction with GDP, G beta-gamma, and a GPCR. Upon receptor stimulation by a ligand, G alpha dissociates from the receptor and G beta-gamma, and GTP is exchanged for the bound GDP, which leads to G alpha activation. G alpha then goes on to activate other molecules in the cell. These effects include activating the MAPK and PI3K pathways, as well as inhibition of the Na+/H+ exchanger in the plasma membrane, and the lowering of intracellular Ca2+ levels.

Most human GPCRs can be grouped into five main families named; Glutamate, Rhodopsin, Adhesion, Frizzled/Taste2, and Secretin, forming the GRAFS classification system.

A series of studies showed that aberrant GPCR Signaling including those for GPCR-PCa, PSGR2, CaSR, GPR30, and GPR39 are associated with tumorigenesis or metastasis, thus interfering with these receptors and their downstream targets might provide an opportunity for the development of new strategies for cancer diagnosis, prevention and treatment. At present, modulators of GPCRs form a key area for the pharmaceutical industry, representing approximately 27% of all FDA-approved drugs.

References:
[1] Moreira IS. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2014 Jan;1840(1):16-33.
[2] Tuteja N. Plant Signal Behav. 2009 Oct;4(10):942-7.
[3] Williams C, et al. Methods Mol Biol. 2009;552:39-50.
[4] Schiöth HB, et al. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 2005 May 15;142(1-2):94-101.
[5] Wu J, et al. Cancer Genomics Proteomics. 2012 Jan;9(1):37-50.


Anti-infection >
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Trifluoperazine-d3 (hydrochloride)

Trifluoperazine-d3 (dihydrochloride) is deuterium labeled Trifluoperazine (dihydrochloride). Trifluoperazine dihydrochloride, an antipsychotic agent, acts by blocking central dopamine receptors. Trifluoperazine dihydrochloride is a potent α1-adrenergic receptor antagonist. Trifluoperazine dihydrochloride is a potent NUPR1 inhibitor exerting anticancer activity. Trifluoperazine dihydrochloride is a calmodulin inhibitor, and also inhibits P-glycoprotein. Trifluoperazine dihydrochloride can be used for the research of schizophrenia. Trifluoperazine dihydrochloride acts as a reversible inhibitor of influenza virus morphogenesis[1][2][3][4][5].

  • CAS Number: 1432064-02-2
  • MF: C21H23D3Cl2F3N3S
  • MW: 483.44
  • Catalog: Influenza Virus
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Blarcamesine

Blarcamesine (AVex-73;AE-37) is an orally bioavailable Sigma-1 receptor agonist and muscarinic receptor modulator, with anticonvulsant, anti-amnesic, neuroprotective and antidepressant properties. Blarcamesine ameliorates neurologic impairments in a mouse model of Rett syndrome[1].

  • CAS Number: 195615-83-9
  • MF: C19H23NO
  • MW: 281.39200
  • Catalog: mAChR
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Ranatensin

Ranatensin is a undecapeptide and a Bombesin Receptor angonist, can be isolated from amphibian skin, such as the frog, Rana pipiens. Ranatensin could maintain the dynamic balance of animal blood pressure, without cross-tachyphylaxis with Angiotensin amide (HY-P2212), Bradykinin (HY-P0206), or Norepinephrine (HY-13715)[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 29451-71-6
  • MF: C61H84N16O13S
  • MW: 1281.48000
  • Catalog: Bombesin Receptor
  • Density: 1.326 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 1790.5ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 1036.6ºC

(R)-Viloxazine Hydrochloride

(R)-Viloxazine hydrochloride is a less active R-isomer of Viloxazine hydrochloride. Viloxazine hydrochloride is an effective antidepressant agent[1].

  • CAS Number: 56287-63-9
  • MF: C13H20ClNO3
  • MW: 273.76
  • Catalog: 5-HT Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

xylometazoline

Xylometazoline is an α-adrenergic receptor agonist (Ki=0.05-1.7 μM). Xylometazoline can constrict nasal blood vessels and increase nasal airflow. Xylometazoline can be used in nose stuffiness and runny nose research[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 526-36-3
  • MF: C16H24N2
  • MW: 244.38
  • Catalog: Adrenergic Receptor
  • Density: 1g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 394.2ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 192.2ºC

Dopamine D2 receptor agonist-2

Dopamine D2 receptor agonist-2 (compound 36) is a potent dopamine D2 receptor biased agonism ligand with an Ki value of 11.2 nM. Dopamine D2 receptor agonist-2 can be used to research antipsychosis[1].

  • CAS Number: 1610591-93-9
  • MF: C25H31Cl2N5OS
  • MW: 520.52
  • Catalog: Dopamine Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Tarazepide

Tarazepide is a potent and specific CCK-A receptor antagonist.

  • CAS Number: 141374-81-4
  • MF: C28H24N4O2
  • MW: 448.516
  • Catalog: Cholecystokinin Receptor
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 788.0±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 430.4±32.9 °C

UNC 0642

UNC0642 is a potent and selective G9a/GLP inhibitor, with an IC50 of less than 2.5 nM.

  • CAS Number: 1481677-78-4
  • MF: C29H44F2N6O2
  • MW: 546.695
  • Catalog: Histone Methyltransferase
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 679.2±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 364.6±34.3 °C

Naloxegol

Naloxegol (NKTR-118; AZ-13337019) is an opioid-receptor antagonist[1].

  • CAS Number: 854601-70-0
  • MF: C34H53NO11
  • MW: 651.78500
  • Catalog: Opioid Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Fsh receptor-binding inhibitor fragment(bi-10)

FSH receptor-binding inhibitor fragment(bi-10) is a potent FSH antagonist. FSH receptor-binding inhibitor fragment(bi-10) blocks the binding of FSH to FSHR, and alteres FSH action at the receptor level. FSH receptor-binding inhibitor fragment(bi-10) results in the suppression of ovulation and causes follicular atresia of mice. FSH receptor-binding inhibitor fragment(bi-10) has the potential for utilizing to restrain the carcinogenesis of ovarian cancer by down-regulating overexpression of FSHR and ERβ in the ovaries[1].

  • CAS Number: 163973-98-6
  • MF: C42H67N13O19
  • MW: 1058.06
  • Catalog: GNRH Receptor
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 1757.1±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 1016.4±34.3 °C

FAUC 213

FAUC 213 is an orally active and highly selective dopamine D4 receptor complete antagonist with a Ki of 2.2 nM for hD4.4. FAUC 213 has less activity on D2 and D3 receptors (Kis of 3.4 μM, 5.3 μM for hD2, hD3, respectively). FAUC 213 can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). FAUC 213 exhibits atypical antipsychotic characteristic[1].

  • CAS Number: 337972-47-1
  • MF: C18H19ClN4
  • MW: 326.82300
  • Catalog: Dopamine Receptor
  • Density: 1.28g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

S 297995

Naldemedine (S-297995) is an orally active, peripherally acting µ-opioid receptor antagonist. Naldemedine shows potent binding affinities (IC50s = 1.15, 1.11, and 1.5 nM, repectively) and antagonist activities (IC50s= 25.57, 7.09, 16.1 nM, repectively) for recombinant human μ-, δ-, and κ- opioid receptors. Naldemedine tempers opioid-induced constipation (OIC) without compromising opioid analgesia[1].

  • CAS Number: 916072-89-4
  • MF: C32H34N4O6
  • MW: 570.64
  • Catalog: Opioid Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Acebutolol HCl

Acebutolol Hydrochloride is a β-adrenergic receptors antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmias.Target: β-Adrenergic ReceptorAcebutolol is a beta blocker for the treatment of hypertension and arrhythmias. Acebutolol following single intravenous administration (10 mg/kg) to rat results in the plasma clearance of 61.9 mL/min/kg, the volume of distribution of 9.6 L/kg, and an elimination half-life of 1.8 hours. Acebutolol following single intravenous administration (50 mg/kg) to rat results in the plasma clearance of 46.5?mL/min/kg, the volume of distribution of 9.5?L/kg, and an elimination half-life of 2.3?hours [1]. Acebutolol (30 mg/kg) decreases cardiac output by 65% and 31% after 1 min and 10 min measurements, respectively, in Sprague-Dawley rats. Acebutolol (30 mg/kg) significantly reduces regional blood flow (RBF) in most organs either after 1 min or 10 min measurements when compare with the baseline values in Sprague-Dawley rats [2].

  • CAS Number: 34381-68-5
  • MF: C18H29ClN2O4
  • MW: 372.887
  • Catalog: Adrenergic Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 564.1ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 141-1430C
  • Flash Point: N/A

Phoenixin-14

Phoenixin-14 (PNX-14) is one of the endogenous active isoform, and generates anxiolytic effect via the activation of the AHA GnRH system in mice. Phoenixin-14 inhibits ischemia/reperfusion-induced cytotoxicity in microglia[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1415039-79-0
  • MF: C75H110N18O20
  • MW: 1583.78
  • Catalog: GNRH Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

VU0483605

VU0483605 is a potent and brain-penetrated mGlu1 receptor positive allosteric modulator (PAM). VU0483605 shows excellent mGlu1 PAM activity at both human and rat, with EC50 values of 390 and 356 nM, respectively[1].

  • CAS Number: 1623101-11-0
  • MF: C20H10Cl3N3O3
  • MW: 446.67
  • Catalog: mGluR
  • Density: 1.6±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Reparixin L-lysine salt

Reparixin L-lysine salt is an allosteric inhibitor of chemokine receptor 1/2 (CXCR1/2) activation.

  • CAS Number: 266359-93-7
  • MF: C20H35N3O5S
  • MW: 429.57400
  • Catalog: CXCR
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

CXCR4 antagonist 1

CXCR4 antagonist 1 is a potent CXCR4 antagonist. CXCR4 antagonist 1 has anti-HIV activity[1].

  • CAS Number: 675135-69-0
  • MF: C27H43N7
  • MW: 465.68
  • Catalog: HIV
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

(Thr4,Gly7)-Oxytocin

(Thr4,Gly7)-Oxytocin, an Oxytocin analogue, is a specific OT receptor agonist. (Thr4,Gly7)-Oxytocin also excites subicular neurons via activation of TRPV1 channels, and depression of K+ channels. [1][2].

  • CAS Number: 60786-59-6
  • MF: C39H61N11O12S2
  • MW: 940.09800
  • Catalog: Oxytocin Receptor
  • Density: 1.332g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

JNJ-20788560

JNJ-20788560 is a selective and orally active delta opioid receptor agonist with an affinity of 2.0 nM for DOR (rat brain cortex binding assay). JNJ-20788560 also is a potent and efficacious antihyperalgesic agent that does not produce respiratory depression, pharmacologic tolerance, or physical dependence. JNJ-20788560 can be used for the research of the relief of inflammatory hyperalgesia[1].

  • CAS Number: 825649-28-3
  • MF: C25H28N2O2
  • MW: 388.50200
  • Catalog: Opioid Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Oxyntomodulin

Oxyntomodulin, a 37-amino acid peptide hormone, is a glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist[1].

  • CAS Number: 62340-29-8
  • MF: C192H295N59O60S
  • MW:
  • Catalog: Glucagon Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Quetiapine-d8 (fumarate)

Quetiapine-d8 fumarate is the deuterium labeled Quetiapine. Quetiapine is a 5-HT receptors agonist with a pEC50 of 4.77 for human 5-HT1A receptor. Quetiapine is a dopamine receptor antagonist with a pIC50 of 6.33 for human D2 receptor. Quetiapine has moderate to high affinity for the human D2, HT1A, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C receptor with pKis of 7.25, 5.74, 7.54, 5.55. Antidepressant and anxiolytic effects[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1185247-12-4
  • MF: C25H23D8N3O6S
  • MW: 509.64400
  • Catalog: 5-HT Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

GP531

GP531 is a potent, second-generation adenosine regulating agent, is pharmacologically silent under basal conditions but increases localized endogenous adenosine during ischemia.

  • CAS Number: 142344-87-4
  • MF: C16H21N5O4
  • MW: 347.36900
  • Catalog: Adenosine Receptor
  • Density: 1.6g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 703.1ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 379ºC

L-371257

L-371,257 is an orally bioavailable, selective and competitive antagonist of oxytocin receptor (pA2=8.4) with high affinity at both the oxytocin receptor (Ki=19 nM) and vasopressin V1a receptor (Ki=3.7 nM)[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 162042-44-6
  • MF: C28H33N3O6
  • MW: 507.58
  • Catalog: Oxytocin Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Mebeverine metabolite O-desmethyl Mebeverine alcohol

Mebeverine metabolite O-desmethyl Mebeverine alcohol is a metabolite of Mebeverine, which is a potent α1 repector inhibitor, causing relaxation of the gastrointestinal tract.

  • CAS Number: 155172-67-1
  • MF: C15H25NO2
  • MW: 251.36400
  • Catalog: Adrenergic Receptor
  • Density: 1.041g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 400.1ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 191.7ºC

OPC-28326

OPC-28326 is a selective peripheral vasodilator and an angatonist of α2-adrenergic receptor, with Ki of 2040, 285, and 55 nM for α2A-, α2B- and α2C-adrenoceptors, respectively.

  • CAS Number: 167626-17-7
  • MF: C26H35N3O2
  • MW: 421.575
  • Catalog: Adrenergic Receptor
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 624.5±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 331.5±31.5 °C

SX-682

SX-682 is an orally bioavailable, potent allosteric inhibitor of CXCR1 and CXCR2. SX-682 can block tumor myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) recruitment and enhance T cell activation and antitumor immunity[1].

  • CAS Number: 1648843-04-2
  • MF: C19H14BF4N3O4S
  • MW: 467.20
  • Catalog: CXCR
  • Density: 1.53±0.1 g/cm3(Predicted)
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

KRH-3955 hydrochloride

KRH-3955 hydrochloride is an orally bioavailable CXCR4 antagonist. KRH-3955 hydrochloride inhibits SDF-1α binding to CXCR4 with an IC50 of 0.61 nM. KRH-3955 hydrochloride is also a highly potent and selective inhibitor of X4 HIV-1, with an EC50 of 0.3 to 1.0 nM[1].

  • CAS Number: 2253744-59-9
  • MF: C28H48Cl3N7
  • MW: 589.09
  • Catalog: HIV
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Pirenzepine, Dihydrochloride

Pirenzepine dihydrochloride (LS519) is a selective M1 muscarinic receptor antagonist.

  • CAS Number: 29868-97-1
  • MF: C19H23Cl2N5O2
  • MW: 424.324
  • Catalog: mAChR
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 541.7ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 248-250°C
  • Flash Point: 281.4ºC

Detomidine carboxylic acid

Detomidine carboxylic acid is the major urinary metabolite of Detomidine. Detomidine is a synthetic α2-adrenergic agonist and an animal analgesic sedative. Detomidine also has cardiac and respiratory effects and an antidiuretic action[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 115664-39-6
  • MF: C12H12N2O2
  • MW: 216.236
  • Catalog: Adrenergic Receptor
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 499.6±33.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 255.9±25.4 °C

CRTh2 antagonist 1

CRTh2 antagonist 1 is a CRTh2 antagonist with an IC50 of 89 nM。

  • CAS Number: 1379445-54-1
  • MF: C23H25N3O5S
  • MW: 455.53
  • Catalog: Prostaglandin Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A