Dihydroartemisinic acid (Dihydroqinghao acid), isolated as a natural product from Artemisia annua, is a biosynthetic precursor to the antimalarial agent Artemisinin[1].
Carvacrol methyl ether, a Carvacrol analog, can be isolated from plant volatile oil. Carvacrol methyl ether exhibits antibacterial activity[1][2].
Hypoxanthine-13C,15N2 is a 15N-labeled and 13C-labled Furaltadone. Furaltadone, a nitrofuran drug, has the potential for the study in infections of chickens with salmonella enteritidis. Furaltadone is inhibitory and bactericidal in vitro for staphylococci
Clavulanate potassium is a potent β-lactamase inhibitor and acts as an antibiotic[1][2].
Ipomoeassin F is a potent and selective endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein-translocation inhibitor by targeting the pore-forming subunit of the Sec61 complex (Sec61α) at the ER membrane. Ipomoeassin F selectively inhibits the ER membrane translocation of SARS-CoV-2 proteins. Ipomoeassin F block the ER translocation of secretory proteins and type I transmembrane proteins (TMPs), but not type III TMPs[1][2][3].
Haloprogin is a potent antifungal agent. Haloprogin has activity against dermatophytes, Candida spp and a limited number of Gram-positive bacteria[1].
(R)-Edelfosine ((R)-ET-18-OCH3) is a ether lipid analog with anti-HIV and antineoplastic activity[1].
Clemastanin B, a lignin, has potent anti-influenza activities by inhibiting the virus multiplication, prophylaxsis and blocking the virus attachment. Clemastanin B targets viral endocytosis, uncoating or ribonucleoprotein (RNP) export from the nucleus. Clemastanin B has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities[1][2][3].
Febantel is an anthelmintic for veterinary use on dogs, cats, cattle, sheep, goats, pig and poultry against roundworms and tapeworms.Target: anthelmintic compoundFebantel is a veteran anthelmintic (wormer) compound belonging to the chemical class of the benzimidazoles, but is a so-called pro-benzimidazole, i.e. it is transformed into a benzimidazole once it gets into the host's organism. Febantel it is transformed into fenbendazole in the stomach and the intestine of the host, shortly after ingestion. Once transformed its behavior is comparable to the one of fenbendazole.
Thiophanate-methyl-d6 is the deuterium labeled Thiophanate-methyl. Thiophanate-Methyl is a systematic fungicide[1][2].
HBV-IN-32 is a potent cccDNA (covalently closed circular DNA) inhibitor. HBV-IN-32 shows anti-HBV activity with an IC50 value of 0.14 µM for HBsAg. HBV-IN-32 inhibits cell growth[1].
Brodimoprim (Ro 10-5970), a trimethoprim analogue, is an orally active dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor. Brodimoprim is highly active against a broad spectrum of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria[1].
Isoforsythiaside, isolated from Forsythia suspensa, is an antioxidant and antibacterial phenylethanoid glycoside with MICs of 40.83, 40.83, and 81.66 μg/mL for Escherichia coli(E. coli), Pseudomonas aeruginosa(PAO), and Staphylococcus aureus (SA), respectively[1].
Antibacterial agent 111 (Compound 3) is an antibacterial agent with MIC values of 3.90 μg/mL and 0.49 μg/mL against B. cereus and K. pneumonia, respectively. Antibacterial agent 111 firmly binds with tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase residues[1].
Pefloxacin mesylate is a an antibacterial agent and prevents bacterial DNA replication by inhibiting DNA gyrase (topoisomerse)Target: DNA gyrasePefloxacin is a synthetic chemotherapeutic agent used to treat severe and life-threatening bacterial infections. Pefloxacin is commonly referred to as afluoroquinolone (or quinolone) drug and is a member of the fluoroquinolone class of antibacterials. It is an analog of norfloxacin. It is a synthetic fluoroquinolone, belonging to the 3rd generation of quinolones. Pefloxacin is extensively prescribed in France. Pefloxacin has not been approved for use in the United States.The bactericidal action of pefloxacin results from interference with the activity of the bacterial enzymes DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, which are needed for the transcription and replication of bacterial DNA. DNA gyrase appears to be the primary quinolone target for gram-negative bacteria. Topoisomerase IV appears to be the preferential target in gram-positive organisms. Interference with these two topoisomerases results in strand breakage of the bacterial chromosome, supercoiling, and resealing. As a result DNA replication and transcription is inhibited.
TTP-8307 is a potent inhibitor of the replication of several Rhinoviruses and Enteroviruses, targets the nonstructural protein 3A, inhibits the replication of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3 Nancy) with EC50 of 1.2 uM; 3A mutations V45A, I54F, and H57Y confer resistance to TTP-8307.
5-Aminouridine can modify nucleobases and can be incorporated into the target DNA. 5-Aminouridine exhibits a wide range of biological activity and it inhibits the growth of tumors, fungi and viruses[1][2][3].
Nifurtoinol is a nitrofuran-derivative antibiotic with antibacterial effects. Nifurtoinol can be used for the research of urinary tract infections[1][2].
HIV-IN-1 (Compound 50) is a potent inhibitor of HIV. HIV-IN-2 has the potential for the research of HIV infection[1].
Polygalasaponin XXXI (Onjisaponin F) is an effective adjuvant for intranasal administration of influenza Influenza hemagglutinin (HA) vaccine to protect influenza virus infection[1].
Homoembelin is an antimicrobial compound and has the potential for MDR bacterial infection research[1].
Ambazone is an orally active membrane active antitumor agent. Ambazone also shows antibacterial and weak antiviral activities[1].
Naftifine Hydrochloride is a synthetic, broad spectrum, antifungal agent.Target: AntifungalNaftifine exhibits an interesting in vitro spectrum of activity against dermatophytes (38 strains; minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) range 0.1 to 0.2 mg/mL), aspergilli (6 strains; MIC range, 0.8 to 12.5 mg/mL), Sporothrix schenckii (2 strains; MICs, 0.8 and 1.5 mg/mL), and yeasts of the genus Candida (77 strains; MIC range, 1.5 to greater than 100 mg/mL) [1]. The MIC of naftifine for C. albicans Δ63 is 100 mg/L in Sabouraud medium (initial pH 6.5). Naftifine (50 mg/L) gives greater than 99% inhibition of sterol biosynthesis both in whole cells and in cell extracts of C. albicans. The primary action of naftifine appears to be the blocking of fungal squalene epoxidation [2].Naftifine HCl 2% cream results in clinical cure rate and clinical success rate of 33% and 84% after treatment for 4 weeks, and week 2 efficacy response rates in Naftifine HCl 2% subjects are all lower than at week 4 but are significantly higher than week 2 vehicle-treated counterparts [3]. Naftifine causes interruption of fungal ergosterol synthesis and accumulation of squalene in fungal organisms. Naftifine also has demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties such as a reduction in superoxide production and a reduction in polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotaxis/endothelial adhesion. Naftifine has shown good efficacy and safety for a variety of conditions and is a useful treatment that provides both antifungal action and relief of inflammatory signs and symptoms. Few adverse events have been noted with naftifine use, the most frequent being mild and transient burning, stinging, or itching in the application area [4].
Sulbentine is an antifungal.
Cycloheximide (Naramycin A) is an eukaryote protein synthesis inhibitor, with IC50s of 532.5 nM and 2880 nM for protein synthesis and RNA synthesis in vivo, respectively.
Granilin, a sesquiterpene lactone, can be found in the flower buds of Carpesium triste. Granilin can be used as the bactericide and fungicide[1].
o-Vanillin (2-Vanillin) is a nature product, could be extracted from Vanilla planifolia, Pinus koraiensis fruit. o-Vanillin is a potent antifungal agent. o-Vanillin inhibits the growth of mycelia by disrupting the integrity of cell walls and cell membranes. o-Vanillin inhibits Doxorubicin (HY-15142A)- and 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide-induced NF-κB activation[1][2].
Cap-dependent endonuclease-IN-22 is a potent cap-dependent endonuclease (CEN) inhibitor[1].
Rimocidin, a polyene macrolide, is an antifungal compound. Rimocidin shows broad‐spectrum antifungal activity against multiple plant‐pathogenic fungi[1][2].
Rezafungin acetate (Biafungin acetate) is a next-generation, broad-spectrum, and long-lasting echinocandin. Rezafungin acetate shows potent antifungal activity against Candida spp., Aspergillus spp., and Pneumocystis spp.[1][2].