L-Arabinitol is a potential biomarker for the comsuption of the food products such as sweet potato, deerberry, moth bean, and is also associated with Alzheimer's disease and ribose-5-phosphate isomerase deficiency.
(-)-Borneol has a highly efficacious positive modulating action at GABA receptor with an EC50 of 237 μM.
Sinapine is an alkaloid from seeds of the cruciferous species which shows favorable biological activities such as antioxidant and radio-protective activities.
Gastrodenol(Bismuth tripotassium dicitrate; De-Noltab)is a mineral that is used in treating ulcers and upset stomach.
LysoPC(14:0/0:0) is a lysophospholipid (LyP). It is a monoglycerophospholipid in which a phosphorylcholine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site.
Camphor ((±)-Camphor) is a topical anti-infective and anti-pruritic and internally as a stimulant and carminative. However, Camphor is poisonous when ingested. Antiviral, antitussive, and anticancer activities[1]. Camphor is a TRPV3 agonist[2].
Epibrassinolide is a natural brassinosteroid (BR) derivative, is a plant regulator with a similar structure to mammalian steroids. Epibrassinolide is a potential apoptotic inducer in various cancer cells without affecting the non-tumor cell growth.
Pipecolic acid is a metabolite of lysine.
3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzoic acid (Eudesmic acid;Trimethylgallic Acid) is a benzoic acid derivative. A building block in medicine and organic synthesis.
5-Aminolevulinic acid HCl is an intermediate in heme biosynthesis in the body and the universal precursor of tetrapyrroles.Target: Others5-Aminolevulinic acid is a non-fluorescent prodrug that leads to intracellular accumulation of fluorescent porphyrins in malignant gliomas-a finding that is under investigation for intraoperative identification and resection of these tumours. Median follow-up was 35.4 months (95% CI 1.0-56.7). Contrast-enhancing tumour was resected completely in 90 (65%) of 139 patients assigned 5-aminolevulinic acid compared with 47 (36%) of 131 assigned white light (difference between groups 29% [95% CI 17-40], p<0.0001). Patients allocated 5-aminolevulinic acid had higher 6-month progression free survival than did those allocated white light (41.0% [32.8-49.2] vs 21.1% [14.0-28.2]; difference between groups 19.9% [9.1-30.7], p=0.0003, Z test) [1]. 5-ALA alone proved to be insufficient in attaining gross total resection without the danger of incurring postoperative neurological deterioration. Furthermore, in the case of functional grade III gliomas, iMRI in combination with functional neuronavigation was significantly superior to the 5-ALA resection technique [2].
Galactose 1-phosphate Potassium salt is is an intermediate in the galactose metabolism and nucleotide sugars.
(-)-Fucose is classified as a member of the hexoses, plays a role in A and B blood group antigen substructure determination, selectin-mediated leukocyte-endothelial adhesion, and host-microbe interactions.
Gracillin is a kind of steroidal saponin isolated from the root bark of wild yam Dioscorea nipponica with antitumor agent.Gracillin could induce cell cycle arrest, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in HL60 cells.[1]
L-Pyroglutamic acid is the levo-isomer of Pyroglutamic acid. L-Pyroglutamic acid is the biologically active enantiomer in humans. Pyroglutamic acid is an intermediate in glutathione metabolism.
Morroniside has neuroprotective effect by inhibiting neuron apoptosis and MMP2/9 expression.
Corylin is a major bioactive compound isolated from Psoralea corylifolia L; antibiotic or anticancer compound.IC50 value:Target: in vitro: Corylin showed an inhibitory effect on IL-6-induced STAT3 promoter activity in Hep3B cells with IC50 value of 1.37 uM [1].
D-Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic agent and a weak renal vasodilator.Target: OthersD(-)Mannitol is a sugar alcohol that can be used as an inert osmotic control substance. The uptake and phosphorylation of d-mannitol is catalyzed by the mannitol-specific phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase systems (PTS). Mannitol can interact with neutrophils and monocytes. Experiments have shown that it is able to decrease neutrophil apoptosis in vitro. The compound has been used in studies as a stimulator of cecal microbial growth and cellulolytic activity in rabbits. It has been observed that mannitol can lower the fat digestibility and body fat accumulation in both normal and cecectomized rats, as well as upregulate monocyte HLA-DR, monocyte and neutrophil CD11b. Studies show that the mannitol operon is repressed by the transcription factor, mannitol operon repressor (MtlR) in Escherichia coli [1-3].
Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor with an IC50 of 25.8 μM; is a widely used antipyretic and analgesic drug.
Prazosin is an alpha-adrenergic blocker and is a sympatholytic drug used to treat high blood pressure and anxiety, PTSD, and panic disorder.Target: Adrenergic ReceptorPrazosin, is a sympatholytic drug used to treat high blood pressure and anxiety, PTSD, andpanic disorder. It is an alpha-adrenergic blocker that is specific for the alpha-1 receptors. These receptors are found on vascular smooth muscle, where they are responsible for the vasoconstrictive action of norepinephrine. They are also found throughout the central nervous system. As of 2013, prazosin is off-patent in the US, and the FDA has approved at least one generic manufacturer.In addition to its alpha-blocking activity, prazosin is an antagonist of the MT3 receptor (which is not present in humans), with selectivity for this receptor over the MT1 and MT2 receptors.Prazosin is orally active and has a minimal effect on cardiac function due to its alpha-1 receptor selectivity. However, when prazosin is initially started, heart rate and contractility go up in order to maintain the pre-treatment blood pressures because the body has reached homeostasis at its abnormally high blood pressure. The blood pressure lowering effect becomes apparent when prazosin is taken for longer periods of time. The heart rate and contractility go back down over time and blood pressure decreases.
(+)-Borneol (d-Borneol) is a natural bicyclic monoterpene used for analgesia and anesthesia in traditional Chinese medicine; enhances GABA receptor activity with an EC50 of 248 μM.
Columbianadin, a natural coumarin from, is known to have various biological activities including anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects.
Hesperetin is a natural flavanone, and acts as a potent and broad-spectrum inhibitor against human UGT activity.
Podophyllotoxin is a potent inhibitor of microtubule assembly and DNA topoisomerase II.IC50 Value:Target: Topoisomerase II; Microtubule/TubulinPodophyllotoxin, a kind of non-alkaloid toxin lignan extracted from the roots and rhizomes of Podophyllum plant, has been shown to inhibit the growth of various carcinoma cells. Podophyllotoxin is a natural product that inhibits the polymerization of tubulin and has served as a prototype for the development of diverse antitumor agents in clinical use.
β-nicotinamide mononucleotide is an intermediate in NAD+ biosynthesis produced from nicotinamide (NAM) and phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP) by nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase enzyme.
Ecteinascidin 770 (ET-770) is a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid with potent anti-cancer activities; inhibits U373MG cells with an IC50 of 4.83 nM.
Betanin has potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect, that could inhibit peroxynitrite (ONOO-), with an IC50 of 19.2 μM. Betanin is a red glycoside obtained from beets that can be used as colorant.
Epipregnanolone is an endogenous neurosteroid that has anesthetic, hypnotic, and sedative properties.
Cimiside B, a glycoside alkaloid, isolated from the rhizome of Cimicifuga dahurica.
3-Methylbutanoic acid is a natural fatty acid and known to effect on neonatal death and possible Jamaican vomiting sickness in human.