Gypenoside XIII is belonging to the gypenosides. Gypenosides, extracted from Gynostemma pentaphyllum, have various pharmacological properties and protect against cardiovascular diseases, especially atherosclerosis[1].
Bis-5,5-Nortrachelogenin is isolated from active extract of root of Wikstroemia indica. Bis-5,5-Nortrachelogenin inhibits nitric oxide (NO) production in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and recombinant mouse interferon-γ(IFN-γ) activated murine macrophage-like cell line, RAW 264.7 with an IC50 value of 48.6 mM[1].
Quizalofop-ethyl-d3 is the deuterium labeled Quizalofop-ethyl[1].
Betulin diacetate, a natural diterpene, is an anti-AID agent and also possesses anti-cancer activity[1][2].
NS5A-IN-4 (Compound 1.12) is an orally active pan-genotypic hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5A inhibitor with IC50 values of 1.2, 2296, 4.6, 362, 10.3 and 693 pM against gT1b, gT1a, gT2a, gT3a, gT4a and gT5a[1].
Metoprolol is a cardioselective β1-adrenergic blocking agent.Target: β1- adrenergic ReceptorPatients took 50 mg metoprolol twice daily with weekly titration to response or 200 mg twice daily. beta(1)-adrenergic receptor polymorphisms are important determinants of antihypertensive response to metoprolol. In the future, codon 49 and 389 genotypes or beta(1)-adrenergic receptor haplotypes might be used to predict the diastolic blood pressure response to metoprolol in patients with hypertension [1]. Patients were studied at baseline and after each dose titration of metoprolol succinate (at 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg once/day) and immediate-release carvedilol (at 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, and 25 mg twice/day). As assessed by glucose AUC, there was no significant difference in the degree of beta(2)-blockade between metoprolol 200 mg and carvedilol 25 mg. In contrast to these data, the degree of beta(2)-blockade as assessed by potassium AUC was greater for carvedilol compared with metoprolol across all doses [2].
Cyanine 5.5 azide (CY 5.5 azide) is a potent fluorescent dye. Cyanine 5.5 azide can label DNA. Cyanine 5.5 azide can be used for NIR live organism imaging. (λex=684 nm, λem=710 nm)[1][2].
BML-190(IMMA) is a potent and selective CB2 receptor ligand (Ki values are 435 nM and > 2 μM for CB2 and CB1 respectively). IC50 Value: 435 nM(Ki CB2)Target:CB2 receptorin vitro: BML-190 increases the accumulation of cAMP, via forskolin-stimulated mechanism in HEK-293 cells. Alternate studies suggest that BML-190 reduces the toxicity of culture supernatants to SH-SY5Y human neutroblastoma cells. Various research suggests that BML-190 is an essential tool in studying the proliferation of neuroblastoma. BML-190 diminishes LPS-induced NO and IL-6 production in a concentration-dependent manner. BML-190 also inhibits LPS-induced PGE2 production and COX-2 induction. in vivo:
Warfarin(WARF42) is an anticoagulant drug normally used to prevent blood clot formation as well as migration.Target: OthersWarfarin is an anticoagulant normally used in the prevention of thrombosis and thromboembolism, the formation of blood clots in the blood vessels and their migration elsewhere in the body respectively. Warfarin and related 4-hydroxycoumarin-containing molecules decrease blood coagulation by inhibiting vitamin K epoxide reductase, an enzyme that recycles oxidized vitamin K1 to its reduced form after it has participated in the carboxylation of several blood coagulation proteins, mainly prothrombin and factor VII. Despite being labeled a vitamin K antagonist, warfarin does not antagonize the action of vitamin K1, but rather antagonizes vitamin K1 recycling, depleting active vitamin K1 [1, 2].
Cl-amidine is a peptidylarginine deminase (PAD) inhibitor, with an IC50 5.9 μM for PAD4.
Cbz-NH-PEG12-C2-acid is a PEG-based PROTAC linker that can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs[1].
(2S,3R)-H-Abu(3-N3)-OH (hydrochloride) is a click chemistry reagent containing an azide group[1].
Hoechst stains are part of a family of blue fluorescent dyes used to stain DNA. Hoechst 33258 is a cell dye for DNA quantitation.IC50 Value:These Bis-benzimides were originally developed by Hoechst AG, which numbered all their compounds so that the dye Hoechst 33342 is the 33342nd compound made by the company. There are three related Hoechst stains: Hoechst 33258, Hoechst 33342, and Hoechst 34580. The dyes Hoechst 33258 and Hoechst 33342 are the ones most commonly used and they have similarexcitation/emission spectra. Both dyes are excited by ultraviolet light at around 350 nm, and both emit blue/cyan fluorescent light around anemission maximum at 461 nm. Unbound dye has its maximum fluorescence emission in the 510-540 nm range. Hoechst dyes are soluble in water and in organic solvents such as dimethyl formamide or dimethyl sulfoxide. Concentrations can be achieved of up to 10 mg/mL. Aqueous solutions are stable at 2-6 °C for at least six months when protected from light. For long-term storage the solutions are instead frozen at ≤-20 °C.The dyes bind to the minor groove of double-stranded DNA with a preference for sequences rich in adenine andthymine. Although the dyes can bind to all nucleic acids, AT-rich double-stranded DNA strands enhance fluorescence considerably.Hoechst dyes are cell-permeable and can bind to DNA in live or fixed cells. Therefore, these stains are often called supravital, which means that cells survive a treatment with these compounds. Cells that express specific ATP-binding cassette transporter proteins can also actively transport these stains out of their cytoplasm.
Condurango glycoside A is an activator of p53. Condurango glycoside A initiates ROS generation and up-regulates p53 expression. Condurango glycoside A induces apoptosis and pre-mature senescence associated with DNA damage in HeLa cells[1].
QNZ shows strong inhibitory effects on NF-κB transcriptional activation and TNF-α production with IC50s of 11 and 7 nM, respectively. EVP4593 is a neuroprotective inhibitor of SOC channel.
Dofetilide(Tikosyn) is a class III antiarrhythmic agent.Target: Potassium ChannelIn patients with congestive heart failure and reduced left ventricular function, dofetilide was effective in converting atrial fibrillation, preventing its recurrence, and reducing the risk of hospitalization for worsening heart failure. Dofetilide had no effect on mortality [1]. dofetilide preferentially blocks open (or activated) channels and that the fast inactivation may competitively slow the binding kinetics. Dofetilide acts as a slow-onset/slow-offset open channel blocker of this current at nanomolar concentrations [2].
Methyl propionate-PEG12 is a PEG-based PROTAC linker that can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs[1].
Fmoc-D-Thr(PO(OBzl)OH)-OH is a threonine derivative[1].
Nile Blue A is used to differentiate melanins and lipofuscins. It is also useful for staining fats and preparation of an amperometric glucose sensor.
Seocalcitol is a vitamin D analog, binds vitamin D receptor protein from human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells with Kd of 0.27 nM.
Xanthine oxidase-IN-1 is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor extracted from patent WO2008126898A1, page 68, compound example 3, with an IC50 of 6.5 nM.
2,4′-Dichlorobiphenyl-d8 is the deuterium labeled 2,4'-Dichloro-1,1'-biphenyl[1].
Maackiaflavanone (compound 4) is a kind of prenylated flavanone. Maackia can be isolated from M. amurensi.
Fmoc-NH-PEG5-CH2COOH is a cleavable ADC linker used in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs)[1].
Ro 25-6981 Maleate is a potent and selective activity-dependent blocker of NMDA receptors containing the NR2B subunit. IC50 values are 0.009 and 52 μM for cloned receptor subunit combinations NR1C/NR2B and NR1C/NR2A respectively.IC50 value: 9 nM [1]Target: NMDA receptor subtype of NR1C & NR2Bin vitro: Ro 25-6981 inhibited 3H-MK-801 binding to rat forebrain membranes in a biphasic manner with IC50 values of 0.003 microM and 149 microM for high- (about 60%) and low-affinity sites, respectively. NMDA receptor subtypes expressed in Xenopus oocytes were blocked with IC50 values of 0.009 microM and 52 microM for the subunit combinations NR1C & NR2B and NR1C & NR2A, respectively, which indicated a >5000-fold selectivity [1]. Increasing the concentration of spermidine did not change the efficacy of RO 25-6981 and minimally changed the IC(50) value. Epsilon1Q336R receptors were more inhibited by ifenprodil and RO 25-9681 than wildtype epsilon1 receptors in ligand binding assays but not in functional assays [2].in vivo: Intrathecal injection of Ro 25-6981 significantly enhanced the paw withdrawal mechanical threshold and paw withdrawal thermal latency after the operation. Significant change has been observed after intrathecal injection of 800.0 μg of Ro 25-6981 and at 2h after operation in the oblique pull test degree and BBB rating score. Pretreatment of Ro 25-6981 decreased the high level expression of NR2B with tyrosine phosphorylation in spinal dorsal horn of the rat model after the operation [3].
1-Iodoethane-1,1,2,2,2-d5 is the deuterium labeled 1-Iodoethane[1].
Erythrocentaurin, a natural compound, is a new class of hepatitis B virus inhibitor[1].
DHODH-IN-8 (Compound 27) is an inhibitor of human and Plasmodium falciparum dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) with IC50s of 0.13 μM and 47.4 μM, and Kis of 0.016 μM and 5.6 μM, respectively. DHODH-IN-8 has antimalarial activity[1].
Rhombifoline is an alkaloid isolated for the first time from the leaves and stems of A. foetida L[1].
BDNF (human) is a neurotrophin in the central nervous system and mediates survival and differentiation of neurons. BDNF (human) binds to TrkB and leads to the dimerization and autophosphorylation of tyrosine residues in the intracellular domain of the receptor. BDNF (human) can be used for study of neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorder[1][2].