Warfarin

DATA ITEMS CITED :

64

MOLECULAR FORMULA :

C19-H16-O4

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :

308.35

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :

T66 BOVJ DYR&1V1 EQ

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - woman

DOSE/DURATION :

15 mg/kg/21W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Gastrointestinal - ulceration or bleeding from small intestine Blood - change in clotting factors

REFERENCE :

SMJOAV Southern Medical Journal. (Southern Medical Assoc., POB 2446, Birmingham, AL 35205) V.1- 1908- Volume(issue)/page/year: 75,242,1982

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human

DOSE/DURATION :

6667 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

YKYUA6 Yakkyoku. Pharmacy. (Nanzando, 4-1-11, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan) V.1- 1950- Volume(issue)/page/year: 28,329,1977

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - man

DOSE/DURATION :

10200 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Blood - hemorrhage

REFERENCE :

CMEP** "Clinical Memoranda on Economic Poisons," U.S. Dept. HEW, Public Health Service, Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, GA, 1956 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,1,1956

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

1600 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,327,1967

TYPE OF TEST :

LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

320 mg/m3

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

GTPZAB Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1-36, 1957-1992. For publisher information, see MTPEEI Volume(issue)/page/year: 22(7),49,1978

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

1400 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - chromodacryorrhea Behavioral - muscle weakness Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - hematuria

REFERENCE :

GTPZAB Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1-36, 1957-1992. For publisher information, see MTPEEI Volume(issue)/page/year: 22(7),49,1978

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

420 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,156,1959

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Unreported

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

50 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

YKYUA6 Yakkyoku. Pharmacy. (Nanzando, 4-1-11, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan) V.1- 1950- Volume(issue)/page/year: 30,397,1979

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

3 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

DEVEAA Defense des Vegetaux. (Federation Nationale des Groupements de Protection des Cultures, 149, rue de Bercy, 75595 Paris Cedex, 12, France) V.1- 1947- Volume(issue)/page/year: 43(255-256),20,1989

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

750 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

EJMCA5 European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry--Chimie Therapeutique. (Editions Scientifiques Elsevier, 29 rue Buffon, F-75005, Paris, France) V.9- 1974- Volume(issue)/page/year: 30,531,1995

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

800 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - food intake (animal)

REFERENCE :

TIVSAI Trudy, VNIIVS. Transactions of the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Veterinary Sanitation. (VNIIVS, Moscow, USSR) V.11- 1957- Volume(issue)/page/year: 58,122,1977

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

165 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

27ZIAQ "Drug Dosages in Laboratory Animals - A Handbook," Rev. ed., Barnes, C.D., and L.G. Eltherington, Berkeley, Univ. of California Press, 1973 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,274,1973

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Unreported

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

60 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

YKYUA6 Yakkyoku. Pharmacy. (Nanzando, 4-1-11, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan) V.1- 1950- Volume(issue)/page/year: 30,397,1979

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :

3 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

DEVEAA Defense des Vegetaux. (Federation Nationale des Groupements de Protection des Cultures, 149, rue de Bercy, 75595 Paris Cedex, 12, France) V.1- 1947- Volume(issue)/page/year: 43(255-256),20,1989

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - cat

DOSE/DURATION :

6 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

DEVEAA Defense des Vegetaux. (Federation Nationale des Groupements de Protection des Cultures, 149, rue de Bercy, 75595 Paris Cedex, 12, France) V.1- 1947- Volume(issue)/page/year: 32,27,1978

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :

800 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

DEVEAA Defense des Vegetaux. (Federation Nationale des Groupements de Protection des Cultures, 149, rue de Bercy, 75595 Paris Cedex, 12, France) V.1- 1947- Volume(issue)/page/year: 32,27,1978

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - pig

DOSE/DURATION :

1 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

DEVEAA Defense des Vegetaux. (Federation Nationale des Groupements de Protection des Cultures, 149, rue de Bercy, 75595 Paris Cedex, 12, France) V.1- 1947- Volume(issue)/page/year: 32,27,1978

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :

180 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

DEVEAA Defense des Vegetaux. (Federation Nationale des Groupements de Protection des Cultures, 149, rue de Bercy, 75595 Paris Cedex, 12, France) V.1- 1947- Volume(issue)/page/year: 32,27,1978

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Bird - chicken

DOSE/DURATION :

942 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - spastic paralysis with or without sensory change Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea Blood - hemorrhage

REFERENCE :

BECTA6 Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ 07094) V.1- 1966- Volume(issue)/page/year: 37,544,1986 ** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

11250 ug/kg/90D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.)

REFERENCE :

TOLED5 Toxicology Letters. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1977- Volume(issue)/page/year: 1000(Suppl 1),141,1980

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

17800 ug/kg/10D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Related to Chronic Data - death

REFERENCE :

ESDBAK Eisei Dobutsu. Sanitary Zoology. (Nippon Eisei Dobutsu Gakkai, c/o Kokuritsu Yobo Eisei Kenkyusho Eisei Konchubo, 2-10-35 Kami-osaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141, Japan) V.1- 1950- Volume(issue)/page/year: 32,251,1981

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

16 mg/m3/4H/30D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Blood - normocytic anemia Blood - changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count Related to Chronic Data - death

REFERENCE :

GTPZAB Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1-36, 1957-1992. For publisher information, see MTPEEI Volume(issue)/page/year: 22(7),49,1978

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :

12 mg/kg/6D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Blood - change in clotting factors Related to Chronic Data - death

REFERENCE :

YKYUA6 Yakkyoku. Pharmacy. (Nanzando, 4-1-11, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan) V.1- 1950- Volume(issue)/page/year: 31,1385,1980

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - species unspecified

DOSE/DURATION :

686 mg/kg/28D-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - food intake (animal) Related to Chronic Data - death

REFERENCE :

AECTCV Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ 070944) V.1- 1973- Volume(issue)/page/year: 16,357,1987 ** REPRODUCTIVE DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

28 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 1-20 week(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial (including nose and tongue) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

REFERENCE :

ADCHAK Archives of Disease in Childhood. (British Medical Journal, POB 560B, Kennebunkport, ME 04046) V.1- 1926- Volume(issue)/page/year: 55,139,1980

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

8400 ug/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 1-8 week(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial (including nose and tongue)

REFERENCE :

AJOGAH American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. (C.V. Mosby Co., 11830 Westline Industrial Dr., St. Louis, MO 63146) V.1- 1920- Volume(issue)/page/year: 127,191,1977

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

33600 ug/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 1-32 week(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - respiratory system Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - physical

REFERENCE :

AJOGAH American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. (C.V. Mosby Co., 11830 Westline Industrial Dr., St. Louis, MO 63146) V.1- 1920- Volume(issue)/page/year: 127,191,1977

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intramuscular

DOSE :

12 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 27-31 week(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death

REFERENCE :

JMSHAO Journal of the Mount Sinai Hospital (New York). (New York, NY) V.1-36, 1934-69. For publisher information, see MSJMAZ. Volume(issue)/page/year: 26,562,1959

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Unreported

DOSE :

6450 ug/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 27-33 week(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death

REFERENCE :

JMSHAO Journal of the Mount Sinai Hospital (New York). (New York, NY) V.1-36, 1934-69. For publisher information, see MSJMAZ. Volume(issue)/page/year: 26,562,1959

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

DOSE :

240 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 2-3 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Fertility - pre-implantation mortality (e.g. reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea)

REFERENCE :

CCPTAY Contraception. (Geron-X, Inc., POB 1108, Los Altos, CA 94022) V.1- 1970- Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,279,1971

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intramuscular

DOSE :

10 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 8-28 day(s) after conception

REFERENCE :

BLOOAW Blood. (Grune & Stratton, Inc., 465 S. Lincoln Dr., Troy, MO 63379) V.1- 1946- Volume(issue)/page/year: 36,623,1970 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-TWA 0.1 mg/m3 DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW BJOPAL British Journal of Ophthalmology. (British Medical Journal, Box 560B, Kennebunkport, ME 04046) V.1- 1917- Volume(issue)/page/year: 64,633,1980 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW AJHGAG American Journal of Human Genetics. (Univ. of Chicago Press, Journals Div., POB 37005, Chicago, IL 60637) V.1- 1949- Volume(issue)/page/year: 30,104A,1978 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW AJMEAZ American Journal of Medicine. (Technical Pub., 875 Third Ave., New York, NY 10022) V.1- 1946- Volume(issue)/page/year: 68,122,1980 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** EPA FIFRA 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION FEREAC Federal Register. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) V.1- 1936- Volume(issue)/page/year: 54,7740,1989 MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 0.1 mg/m3 DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,279,1971 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 0.1 mg/m3 CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 0.1 mg/m3 CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 0.1 mg/m3 CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 0.1 mg/m3 CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-ARAB Republic of Egypt:TWA 0.1 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 0.1 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 0.1 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 0.1 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:TWA 0.1 mg/m3;STEL 0.3 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 0.1 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY:TWA 0.5 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 0.1 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 0.1 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:STEL 0.001 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 0.1 mg/m3;STEL 0.5 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-THAILAND:TWA 0.1 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-TURKEY:TWA 0.1 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 0.1 mg/m3;STEL 0.3 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO WARFARIN-air:10H TWA 0.1 mg/m3 REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 76610 No. of Facilities: 2535 (estimated) No. of Industries: 3 No. of Occupations: 5 No. of Employees: 26783 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 76610 No. of Facilities: 446 (estimated) No. of Industries: 6 No. of Occupations: 8 No. of Employees: 6131 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 1874 (estimated)