(D-Arg1,D-Pro2,D-Trp7,9,L-Leu11)-Substance P (acetate) is an antagonist for Substance P (HY-P0201) and Bombesin (HY-P0195) that has effects on ocular inflammatory responses to antidromic trigeminal nerve stimulation[1].
Kainic acid is a potent agonist at excitatory amino acid receptor subtypes in the CNS.
CPCCOEt is a low affinity, selective, non-competitive and reversible antagonist of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1b (mGluR1b)[1][2].
A-412997 dihydrochloride is a selective dopamine D4 receptor agonist. A-412997 dihydrochloride improves cognitive performance in rats and can be used in the research of psychiatric diseases[1].
NMDA receptor modulator 6 (Compound 183) is a potent NMDA receptor modulator. NMDA receptor modulator 6 can be used for neurological disorder research[1].
Lisuride is an orally active dopamine D2 receptors agonist. Lisuride, as an ergot derivative, can be used for the research of Parkinson's disease, migraine, and high prolactin levels[1][2].
PD 168568 dihydrochloride is an orally active and selective D4 dopamine receptor antagonist, with a Ki of 8.8 nM[1].
Roflupram is a selective, orally active and brain-penetrant PDE4 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 26.2 nM for core catalytic domains of human PDE4. Roflupram can reverse cognitive deficits and reduce the production of pro-inflammatory factors[1][2].
PF-05089771 is a potent, state-dependent, subtype selective Nav1.7 inhibitor with IC50 of 11 nM, >1,000-fold selectivity over Nav1.3, 1.4 and Nav1.5, 1.8; interacts with the voltage-sensor domain (VSD) of domain IV, blocks all Nav1.7 splice variants with similar potency (5N11L, 5A11S, 5A11L and 5N11S, IC50s=11=33 nM); displays high selectivity over L-type calcium channels, KvLQT and hERG potassium channels; demonstrates in vivo efficacy in a mouse capsaicin-induced neurogenic flare model. Pain Phase 1 Discontinued
N-Demethyl MK-6884 (compound 34) is a potent M4 mAChR allosteric modulator. N-Demethyl MK-6884 can be used in the studies of alzheimer's disease and other diseases mediated by the M4 mAChR[1].
Pexacerfont is a selective corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF1) receptor antagonist with IC50 of 6.1±0.6 nM for human CRF1 receptor.
Ac-Leu-Val-Lys-Aldehyde is a potent cathepsin B inhibitor with IC50s of 4 nM. Ac-Leu-Val-Lys-Aldehyde significantly reduces quinolinic acid (HY-100807)-induced striatal cell death and causes accumulation of LC3-II[1].
AChE/BChE-IN-5 (BMC-16) is a dual AChE and BChE inhibitor with IC50 values of 266 nM and 10.6 nM against human AChE (hAChE) and human BChE (hBChE), respectively. AChE/BChE-IN-5 can cross the BBB[1].
(E)-3-(4-Methoxyphenyl)acrylic acid (compound 3) is isolated from Arachis hypogaea, Scrophularia buergeriana Miquel, Aquilegia vulgaris, Anigozanthos preissii and so on. (E)-3-(4-Methoxyphenyl)acrylic acid shows significant hepatoprotective activity, anti-amnesic, cognition-enhancing activity, antihyperglycemic, and neuroprotective activities[1].
Varenicline (CP 526555) dihydrochloride is a potent partial agonist for α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) with an EC50 value of 2.3 μM. Varenicline dihydrochloride is a full agonist for α3β4 and α7 nAChRs with EC50 values of 55 μM and 18 μM, respectively[2]. Varenicline dihydrochloride is a nicotinic ligand based on the structure of cytosine, and has the potential for smoking cessation treatment[5].
Quisqualic acid (L-Quisqualic acid), a natural analog of glutamate, is a potent and pan two subsets (iGluR and mGluR) of excitatory amino acid (EAA) agonist with an EC50 of 45 nM and a Ki of 10 nM for mGluR1R. Quisqualic acid is isolated from the fruits of Quisqualis chinensis[1][2].
JNJ-54175446 is a potent and selective brain penetrant P2X7 receptor antagonist, with pIC50s of 8.46 and 8.81 for hP2X7 receptor and rP2X7 receptor, respectively.
J-2156 TFA is a high potent, selective somatostatin receptor type 4 (SST4 receptor) agonist with IC50s of 0.05 nM and 0.07 nM for human and rat SST4 receptors, respectively. J-2156 TFA is used for the relief of mechanical allodynia and mechanical hyperalgesia in the ipsilateral hindpaws in rats[1][2].
PRE-084 hydrochloride is a high affinity, selective σ1 agonist, has an IC50 of 44 nM in the sigma receptor assay.IC50 value: 44 nMTarget: sigma receptorin vitro: PRE-084 has an IC50 of more than 100,000 nM for PCP receptors and an IC50 higher than 10,000 nM in a variety of other receptor systems. [1]in vivo: PRE-084 improves motor neuron survival and motor performance in wobbler mice. PRE-084 enhances BDNF-mediated trophic support.[2]
Endomorphin 1 acetate, a high affinity, highly selective agonist of the μ-opioid receptor (Ki: 1.11 nM), displays reasonable affinities for kappa3 binding sites, with Ki value between 20 and 30 nM. Endomorphin 1 acetate has antinociceptive properties[1][2][4].
Telenzepine dihydrochloride is a selective and orally active muscarinic M1 receptor antagonist with a Ki of 0.94 nM. Telenzepine dihydrochloride inhibits gastric acid secretion and has antiulcer effects[1][2][3].
Nitroxazepine is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) for the treatment of depression. Nitroxazepine acts as a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor.
Alizapride hydrochloride is a dopamine receptor antagonist with prokinetic and antiemetic effects which can also be used in the treatment of nausea and vomiting, including postoperative nausea and vomiting.
Jatrorrhizine chloride is a potent and orally active uptake-2 transporter inhibitor, it can be isolated from various Chinese medicinal plants[1]. Jatrorrhizine chloride exhibits a critical neuroprotective role in H2O2-induced apoptosis via inhibition of MAPK pathway in HT22 hippocampal neurons[2].
GW791343 3Hcl is a P2X7 allosteric modulator; exhibits species-specific activity and acts as a negative allosteric modulator of human P2X7 (pIC50 = 6.9 - 7.2). IC50 value: 7 (pIC50)Target: P2X7 in vitro: In cells expressing human P2X7 receptors, GW 791343 inhibits agonist-stimulated ethidium accumulation in both sucrose and NaCl buffer. In NaCl buffer, GW 791343 reduces the maximal response to both ATP and BzATP, but there is little effect on agonist potency except for a decrease in the presence of 300–1000 nM GW 791343. GW 791343 also reduces maximal responses to ATP and BzATP in sucrose buffer, although this effect is more marked when using ATP as agonist. In sucrose buffer, GW 791343 produces a slight decrease in ATP potency at 300 nM. GW 791343 decreases BzATP potency at concentrations of 300 nM to 10 μM. A more marked increase in agonist effect is observed when using ATP as agonist in NaCl buffer with GW791343 increasing the pEC50 and maximal response to ATP at concentrations of 10 and 30 μM. In sucrose buffer, GW791343 also increases responses when using ATP as agonist [1]. GW791343 inhibits responses at the human–rat chimeric receptor in both sucrose and NaCl buffer. GW791343 increases responses to BzATP at the F95L mutant receptor [2]. GW791343 is a non-competitive antagonist and negative allosteric modulator at the human P2X7 receptor; however, GW 791343 also acts as a positive allosteric modulator at the rat P2X7 receptor [3]. At the dog P2X7 receptor, GW 791343 is an antagonist with similar potency to that determined at the human receptor [4].
L-DOPA-2,5,6-d3 (Levodopa-2,5,6-d3) is the deuterium labeled L-DOPA. L-DOPA (Levodopa) is an orally active metabolic precursor of neurotransmitters dopamine. L-DOPA can cross the blood-brain barrier and is converted into dopamine in the brain[1][2][3].
(R)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid sodium ((R)-3-Hydroxybutyric acid) is a metabolite converted from acetoacetic acid catalyzed by 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase. (R)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid sodium has applications as a nutrition source, and as a precursor for vitamins, antibiotics and pheromones[1][2].
16-38-Thymosin β4 (cattle) is a Ca2+-independent MLCK activator with high affinity.
JNJ-42165279 is a FAAH inhibitor with IC50 of 70 ± 8 nM and 313 ± 28 nM for hFAAH and rFAAH, respectively.IC50 value: 70 ± 8 nM (for hFAAH), 313 ± 28 nM (for rFAAH )Target：FAAHJNJ-42165279 covalently inactivates the FAAH enzyme, but is highly selective with regard to other enzymes, ion channels, transporters, and receptors. JNJ-42165279 exhibits high selectivity against a panel of 50 receptors, enzymes, transporters, and ion-channels at 10 μM, at which concentration it does not produce >50% inhibition of binding to any of the targets. Fortunately, JNJ-42165279 also does not inhibit CYPS (1A2, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 3A4) or hERG when tested at a 10 μM compound concentration. [1]in vivo: JNJ-42165279 exhibits excellent ADME and pharmacodynamic properties as evidenced by its ability to block FAAH in the brain and periphery of rats and thereby cause an elevation of the concentrations of anandamide (AEA), oleoyl ethanolamide (OEA), and palmitoyl ethanolamide (PEA). The compound was also efficacious in the spinal nerve ligation (SNL) model of neuropathic pain. JNJ-42165279 exhibits relatively rapid clearance in the course of rat pharmacokinetic experiments, manifesting as a low AUC and Cmax; however, sufficiently high exposures were obtainable to support preclinical animal models. In a subsequent higher dose (20 mg/kg) oral PK experiment, compound concentrations were determined both in the plasma and brain of rats. [1]
Darglitazone (CP-86325), a thiazolidinedione, is a potent, selective, and orally active PPAR-γ agonist. Darglitazone is effective in controlling blood glucose and lipid metabolism, and can be used for type II diabetes research[1].