MEDICA16, an ATP-citrate lyase inhibitor, significantly reduces intracellular TG content in gastrocnemius muscle, and this reduction is accompanied by an increase in insulin sensitivity. MEDICA16 is a selective agonist for GPR40 as well as selective partial agonists for GPR120[1][2].
GLP-1R agonist 14 (Compound 14) is a GLP-1 receptor agonist with an EC50 of 0-20 nM against h-GLP-1[1].
CPT2 (Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2), an enzyme that participates in fatty acid oxidation, also is a colorectal cancer (CRC) prognostic biomarker. CPT2 overexpression can activate p-p53 to increase p53 expression, thereby inhibiting tumor proliferation and promoting apoptosis. CPT2 deficiency results in the most common inherited disorder of long-chain fatty acid oxidation affecting skeletal muscle. Downregulation of CPT2 is also highly correlated with the progression of various cancers and has potential for cancer research[1][2].
Rosuvastatin zinc salt (Rosuvastatin zinc) is a zinc-containing form of Rosuvastatin (HY-17504A). Rosuvastatin is a HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor and can be used for atherosclerosis research[1].
[Nle8] Somatostatin (1-28) is a derivative of somatosttin (1-28) with norleucine replacing methionine in position 8. [Nle8] Somatostatin (1-28) increases the amylase release.[Nle8] Somatostatin (1-28) increases the cyclic AMP in pancreatic acini [1].
1,2-Cyclohexanedione is an endogenous metabolite.
L-Glutamine-1-13C (L-Glutamic acid 5-amide-1-13C) is the 13C-labeled L-Glutamine. L-Glutamine (L-Glutamic acid 5-amide) is a non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and involved in many metabolic processes. L-Glutamine provides a source of carbons for oxidation in some cells[1][2].
Delsoline, a major alkaloid of Delphinium anthriscifolium Hance, has both a curare-like effect and a ganglion-blocking effect and is used to relieve muscle tension or hyperkinesia. D. anthriscifolium Hance has effects of dispelling wind and dampness, activating collaterals, and relieving pains and is used to treat rheumatism, hemiplegia, indigestion, and cough[1].
Teneligliptin hydrobromide is a potent chemotype prolylthiazolidine-based DPP-4 inhibitor, which competitively inhibits human plasma, rat plasma, and human recombinant DPP-4 in vitro, with IC50s of approximately 1 nM.
Rbin-1 is a potent, reversible, and specific chemical inhibitor of eukaryotic ribosome biogenesis. Rbin-1 inhibits the ATPase with GI50 of 136±7 nM.
N-(3-Methoxybenzyl)-(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienamide is a macamide isolated from Maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp.) N-(3-Methoxybenzyl)-(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienamide induces mesenchymal stem cells osteogenic differentiation and consequent bone formation through activating the canonical Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway. N-(3-Methoxybenzyl)-(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienamide can be used for the research of osteoporosis[1].
Fluo-8 AM is a calcium fluorescent probe that can be loaded into protoplasts to detect calcium in the flesh tissue cells of Malus domestica[1].
SEW84 (SEW04784) is a first-in-class, specific inhibitor of the Aha1-stimulated Hsp90 (ASH) ATPase activity (IC50=0.3 uM) without inhibiting basal Hsp90 ATPase;SEW84 binds to the C-terminal domain of Aha1 (Kd=1.7 uM) to weaken its asymmetric binding to Hsp90.SEW84 inhibited the GR- and AR-dependent luciferase expression with IC50 of 1.3 uM and 0.7 uM respectively.SEW84 blocks Aha1-dependent Hsp90 chaperoning activities, including the in vitro and in vivo refolding of firefly luciferase, and the transcriptional activity of the androgen receptor in cell-based models of prostate cancer.SEW84 promotes the clearance of phosphorylated tau in cellular and tissue models of neurodegenerative tauopathy.
GW1929 hydrochloride is an orally active peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) agonist with a pKi of 8.84 for human PPAR-γ, and pEC50s of 8.56 and 8.27 for human PPAR-γ and murine PPAR-γ, respectively. GW1929 hydrochloride has antidiabetic efficacy and neuroprotective potential. GW1929 hydrochloride suppresses neuronal apoptosis and shows anti-inflammatory potential[1][2][3].
CP-100356 hydrochloride is an orally active dual MDR1 (P-gp)/BCRP inhibitor, with an IC50s of 0.5 and 1.5 µM for inhibiting MDR1-mediated Calcein-AM transport and BCRP-mediated Prazosin transport, respectively. CP-100356 hydrochloride is also a weak inhibitor of OATP1B1 (IC50=∼66 µM). CP-100356 hydrochloride is devoid of inhibition against MRP2 and major human P450 enzymes (IC50>15 µM)[1].
Tiplaxtinin is a selective and orally efficacious inhibitor of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) with IC50 of 2.7 μM.
L-Ornithine-1,2-13C2 hydrochloride is the 13C-labeled L-Ornithine hydrochloride. L-Ornithine hydrochloride is a free amino acid that plays a central role in the urea cycle and is also important for the disposal of excess nitrogen.
AMG 837 calcium hydrate is a potent GPR40 agonist(EC50=13 nM) with a superior pharmacokinetic profile and robust glucose-dependent stimulation of insulin secretion in rodents.IC50 value: 13 nM (EC50) [1]Target: GPR40 agonistAMG 837 displayed the expected two-fold increase in potency on GPR4 (EC50 = 13 [±7] nM) compared to the racemic compound and its activity crossed over to the rat and mouse forms of GPR40 (EC50 = 23 and 13 nM, respectively). AMG 837 was found to be a partial agonist on GPR40 with maximal activity 85% of that shown by DHA under our standard assay conditions. AMG 837 is a highly potent stimulator of insulin secretion in MIN6 cells with an EC50 comparable to that seen in the aequorin Ca2+-flux assay. showedno significant activity in cell-based assays against PPARα, δ, and γ. An external panel of 64 receptors also revealed no significant activity with the exception of weak inhibition (IC50 = 3 uM) on the a2-adrenergic receptor. Overall, AMG 837 was both highly potentand selective in vitro.
AdipoRon is an orally active adiponectin receptor (AdipoR) agonist, binding to AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 with Kds of 1.8 and 3.1 μM, respectively.
PTP1B-IN-1 is a potent protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP1B) inhibitor with IC50 of 1.6 mM; 1,2,5-thiadiazolidin-3-one-1,1-dioxide scaffold for derivatives synthesis.
I-OMe-Tyrphostin AG 538 (I-OMe-AG 538) is a specific inhibitor of IGF-1R (insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor tyrosine kinase). I-OMe-Tyrphostin AG 538 inhibits IGF-1R-mediated signaling and is preferentially cytotoxic to nutrient-deprived PANC1 cells. I-OMe-Tyrphostin AG 538 is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate 4-kinase α (PI5P4Kα), with an IC50 of 1 µM[1].
Erythronic acid is an endogenous metabolite of carbohydrates that can be used in the study of metabolism-related diseases. It plays a key role in the onset and improvement of hyperuricemia and is related to mitochondrial dysfunction in transaldolase deficiency[1].
1,4-Dimethoxybenzene-d10 is the deuterium labeled 1,4-Dimethoxybenzene[1]. 1,4-Dimethoxybenzene is an endogenous metabolite.
Altanserin is a 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT2A ) selective radioligand. Altanserin delivers human serotonin. Altanserin can be used to study the biochemical and cellular mechanisms of vulnerability to extracellular 5-HT increase [1].
mGAT3/4-IN-1 (compound 19b) is a potent mGAT3/mGAT4 inhibitor, with pIC50 values of 5.31 and 5.24, respectively. mGAT3/4-IN-1 exhibits a significant tactile allodynia reduction in diabetic neuropathic mice[1].
Odatroltide, as a nanoscale P-selectin inhibitor, is a nano-delivery system of 6,7-dihydroxyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid and KPAK to target the thrombus[1].
Lapaquistat (T-91485), a cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitor, is the active metabolite of TAK-475. Lapaquistat can decrease statin-induced myotoxicity in lipid-lowering therapy[1].
(Ethoxymethyl)benzene is an endogenous metabolite.
Ursodeoxycholic acid (Ursodeoxycholate) sodium is a secondary bile acid issued from the transformation of (cheno)deoxycholic acid by intestinal bacteria, acting as a key regulator of the intestinal barrier integrity and essential for lipid metabolism. Ursodeoxycholic acid sodium acts as signaling molecule, exerting its effects by interacting with bile acid activated receptors, including G-protein coupled bile acid receptor 5 (TGR5, GPCR19) and the farnesoid X receptor (FXR). Ursodeoxycholic acid sodium can be used for the research of a variety of hepatic and gastrointestinal diseases. Orally active[1][2].
CCK (26-31) (non-sulfated) is the N-terminal fragment of CCK, a peptide hormone found in the gut and brain that stimulates digestion, regulates satiety, and is associated with anxiety. CCK (26-31) is also less active in non-sulfated than in sulfated form[1].