Tariquidar is a potent and specific inhibitor of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) with the high affinity (Kd=5.1±0.9 nM).
Biricodar (VX-710) is a modulator of P-glycoprotein and MRP-1; shows effective chemosensitizing activity in multidrug resistant cells.
Jatrophane 5 is a natural product of Jatropha carcas L. Jatrophane 5 has powerful inhibition of P-gp, higher than R(+)-verapamil (HY-14275) and Tariquidar (HY-10550) in colorectal multi-drug resistant cells (DLD1-TxR)[1].
Phellamurin is a plant flavonone glycoside from the leaves of Phellodendron amurense and inhibits intestinal P-glycoprotein. Phellamurin also inhibits egg laying by Papilio protenor. Phellamurin induces cells apoptosis and has anti-tumor activity[1][2][3].
Zamicastat is a concentration-dependent dual P-gp and BCRP inhibitor with IC50 values of 73.8±7.2 μM and 17.0±2.7 μM, respectively.
Boeravinone B, a dual inhibitor of NorA bacterial efflux pump of Staphylococcus aureus and human P-Glycoprotein, reduces the biofilm formation and intracellular invasion of bacteria. Boeravinone B act as anti-aging and anti-apoptosis phyto-molecules during oxidative stress[1][2].
(R)-Verapamil hydrochloride ((R)-(+)-Verapamil hydrochloride) is a P-Glycoprotein inhibitor. (R)-Verapamil hydrochloride blocks MRP1 mediated transport, resulting in chemosensitization of MRP1-overexpressing cells to anticancer drugs[1][2].
Atazanavir-d6 is deuterium labeled Atazanavir. Atazanavir (BMS-232632), a highly selective HIV-1 protease inhibitor, is the first protease inhibitor approved for once-daily administration[1]. Atazanavir (BMS-232632) is a substrate and inhibitor of CYP3A4, and an inhibitor and inducer of P-glycoprotein (P-gp)[2]. Atazanavir is also a SARS-CoV 3CLpro inhibitor with an IC50 of 3.49 μM[3].
ONT-093 is a potent inhibitor of P-glycoprotein pump. ONT-093 has the potential for the research cancer diseases[1].
P-gp inhibitor 5 (compound 10) is a potent P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor with P-gp inhibition fold of 2.5 and 3.0 at 1.25 μM and 2.5 μM. P-gp inhibitor 5 has antiproliferative activity against certain cancer cell lines. P-gp inhibitor 5 is effective in reversing the multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype in ABCB1/Flp-InTM-293 and KBvin cells by restoring their sensitivity to Vincristine and Paclitaxel[1].
YS-370 (compound 44) is a potent, high selective, and orally active inhibitor of P-glycoprotein (P-gp). YS-370 stimulates the P-gp ATPase activity and has moderate inhibition against CYP3A4. YS-370 effectively reverses multidrug resistance (MDR) to paclitaxel and colchicine in SW620/AD300 and HEK293T-ABCB1 cells. YS-370 in combination with paclitaxel achieves much stronger antitumor activity[1].
Zosuquidar (LY335979) is a potent negative modulator of P-glycoprotein-mediated multi-drug resistance with Ki of 60 nM.IC50 value: 60 nM (Ki)Target: P-glycoproteinZosuquidar (LY335979) is a potent modulator of P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance with Ki of 60 nM. Zosuquidar binds with high affinity to P-glycoprotein and inhibits P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance (MDR). P-glycoprotein, encoded by the MDR-1 gene, is a member of the ATP-binding cassette superfamily of transmembrane transporters and prevents the intracellular accumulation of many natural product-derived cytotoxic agents. Zosuquidar is a compound of antineoplastic drug candidates currently under development.
(R)-OY-101 is an orally active and specific inhibitor of P-gp. (R)-OY-101 increases tumor sensitivity to anticancer agents. (R)-OY-101 has good activity in reversing tumor resistance and promoting apoptosis and can be used in cancer related research[1].
Voacamine, an indole alkaloid, isolated from Voacanga Africana, exhibits potent cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonistic activity[1]. Voacamine also inhibits P-glycoprotein (P-gp) action in multidrug-resistant tumor cells[1].
Dofequidar(MS-209) is a novel quinoline compound, which can reverse P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated MDR.IC50 value: Target: P-gpin vitro: MS-209 at 3 microM effectively overcame docetaxel resistance in MDR cancer cells, and this concentration was achieved in blood plasma for > 7 h without serious toxicity [1]. MS-209 restored chemosensitivity of SBC-3 / ADM cells to VP-16, ADM, and VCR in a dose-dependent manner in vitro [2]. MS-209 strongly reversed drug resistance to adriamycin (ADM) and vincristine (VCR) in acquired MDR tumor cell lines, 2780AD and KB-C1. In addition, MS-209 enhanced the cytotoxic effect of ADM and VCR on various human and murine cell lines. Particularly in 4-1St cells, which are extremely resistant to ADM and VCR, MS-209 at a concentration of 3 microM enhanced the cytotoxicity of ADM and VCR, 88- and 350-fold, respectively [3].in vivo: Treatment with docetaxel alone at the maximal tolerated dose (MTD) showed an apparent antitumor activity to an intrinsically resistant HCT-15 tumor xenograft, and MS-209 additionally potentiated the antitumor activity of docetaxel. Against a MCF-7/ADM tumor xenograft expressing larger amounts of P-gp, docetaxel alone at the MTD showed no antitumor activity, whereas the MTD of docetaxel combined with MS-209 greatly reduced MCF-7/ADM tumor growth [1]. Intravenous injection with SBC-3 or SBC-3 / ADM cells produced metastatic colonies in the liver, kidneys and lymph nodes in natural killer (NK) cell-depleted severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice, though SBC-3 / ADM cells more rapidly produced metastases than did SBC-3 cells. Treatment with VP-16 and ADM reduced metastasis formation by SBC-3 cells, whereas the same treatment did not affect metastasis by SBC-3 / ADM cells. Although MS-209 alone had no effect on metastasis by SBC-3 or SBC-3 / ADM cells, combined use of MS-209 with VP-16 or ADM resulted in marked inhibition of metastasis formation by SBC-3 / ADM cells to multiple organs [2]. MS-209 administered orally, together with ADM, enhanced the antitumor activity of ADM on Colon 26 and 4-1St tumors implanted subcutaneously (SC) in mice; the antitumor effect of ADM plus MS-209 was higher than that of ADM alone at the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) [3].
Roquefortine C, a fungal cyclopeptide isolated from Penicillium roquefortii, activates P-gp and also inhibits P450-3A and other haemoproteins. Roquefortine C has bacteriostatic activities against Gram-positive bacteria[1].
Reversin 121 is a P-glycoprotein inhibitor. Reversin 121 increases the ATPase activity of MDR1. Reversin 121 reverses P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance. Reversin 121 can be used in the research of cancers[1][2].
MC70 is a potent and non-selective P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor with an EC50 of 0.69 µM. MC70 is an ABC transporters inhibitor and anticancer agent. MC70 interacts with ABCB1, ABCG2 and ABCC1[1][2].
Reversin 205 ([Boc-Glu(Obzl)]2-Lys-Ome) is a P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) inhibitor. Reversin 205 is a peptide chemosensitizer[1].
Encequidar (HM30181) mesylate hydrochloride is a potent and selective inhibitor of P-glycoprotein (MDR1). Encequidar mesylate hydrochloride improves anti-tumor efficacy of Paclitaxel (HY-B0015) in mouse tumor models[1][2][3].
P-gp modulator 1 is a high affinity, orally available modulator of P-glycoprotein (Pgp), can reverse the Pgp-mediated multidrug resistance ((MDR)[1].
P-gp inhibitor 1 is a novel inhibitor reversing P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance.
Norverapamil D7 is a deuterium labeled Norverapamil ((±)-Norverapamil). Norverapamil, an N-demethylated metabolite of Verapamil, is a L-type calcium channel blocker and a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) function inhibitor[1][2].
Verapamil ((±)-Verapamil) is a calcium channel blocker and a potent and orally active first-generation P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor. Verapamil also inhibits CYP3A4. Verapamil has the potential for high blood pressure, heart arrhythmias and angina treatment[1][2][3].
NSC-609249 hydrochloride is an impurity of Verapamil (HY-14275). Verapamil is a calcium channel blocker and a potent and orally active first-generation P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor[1][2].
(20S)-Protopanaxadiol (20-Epiprotopanaxadiol) is an aglycon metabolic derivative of the protopanaxadiol-type ginseng saponin; apoptosis inducer.IC50 value:Target: apoptosis inducer(20S)-Protopanaxadiol was used to induce cytotoxicity for two human glioma cell lines, SF188 and U87MG. For the SF188 cells, (20S)-Protopanaxadiol activated caspases-3, -8, -7, and -9 within 3 h and induced rapid apoptosis, which could be partially inhibited by a general caspase blocker and completely abolished when the caspase blocker was used in combination with an antioxidant. (20S)-Protopanaxadiol also induced cell death in U87MG cells but did not activate any caspases in these cells [1]. aPPD was able to inhibit P-gp activity as potently as verapamil on MDR cells. The blockage of P-gp activity was highly reversible as wash-out of aPPD resulted in an immediate recovery of P-gp activity. Unlike verapamil, aPPD did not affect ATPase activity of P-gp suggesting a different mechanism of action [2].
HTT-D3 is a potent and orally active huntingtin (HTT) splicing modulator. HTT-D3 acts by promoting the inclusion of a pseudoexon containing a premature termination codon (stop-codon psiExon), leading to HTT mRNA degradation and reduction of HTT levels. HTT-D3 reduces p-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux, and can be uesd for Huntington's disease research[1].
Polyoxyethylene stearate (POES) is a non-ionic emulsifying agent.
Norverapamil ((±)-Norverapamil), an N-demethylated metabolite of Verapamil, is a L-type calcium channel blocker and a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) function inhibitor[1][2].
Sinapine is an alkaloid from seeds of the cruciferous species which shows favorable biological activities such as antioxidant and radio-protective activities.