MCI826 is a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) antagonist.
Alisol F is a natural product.
MCT1-IN-3 is a monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 81.0 nM. MCT1-IN-3 has also significant inhibitivity against the multidrug transporter ABCB1. MCT1-IN-3 can be used for the research of cancer[1].
Convallatoxin is a cardiac glycoside isolated from Adonis amurensis Regel et Radde. Convallatoxin ameliorates colitic inflammation via activation of PPARγ and suppression of NF-κB. Convallatoxin is a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate and recognized Val982 as an important amino acid involved in its transport. Convallatoxin is an enhancer of ligand-induced MOR endocytosis with high potency and efficacy. Anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative properties[1][2][3].
Dofequidar fumarate(MS-209 fumarate), an orally active quinoline compound, has been reported to overcome MDR by inhibiting ABCB1/P-gp, ABCC1/MDR-associated protein 1, or both.IC50 value: Target: P-gpin vitro: MS-209 at 3 microM effectively overcame docetaxel resistance in MDR cancer cells, and this concentration was achieved in blood plasma for > 7 h without serious toxicity [1]. MS-209 restored chemosensitivity of SBC-3 / ADM cells to VP-16, ADM, and VCR in a dose-dependent manner in vitro [2]. dofequidar inhibits the efflux of chemotherapeutic drugs and increases the sensitivity to anticancer drugs in CSC-like side population (SP) cells isolated from various cancer cell lines. Dofequidar treatment greatly reduced the cell number in the SP fraction [3]. In 4-1St cells, which are extremely resistant to ADM and VCR, MS-209 at a concentration of 3 microM enhanced the cytotoxicity of ADM and VCR, 88- and 350-fold, respectively [4]. in vivo: Treatment with docetaxel alone at the maximal tolerated dose (MTD) showed an apparent antitumor activity to an intrinsically resistant HCT-15 tumor xenograft, and MS-209 additionally potentiated the antitumor activity of docetaxel. Against a MCF-7/ADM tumor xenograft expressing larger amounts of P-gp, docetaxel alone at the MTD showed no antitumor activity, whereas the MTD of docetaxel combined with MS-209 greatly reduced MCF-7/ADM tumor growth [1]. Intravenous injection with SBC-3 or SBC-3 / ADM cells produced metastatic colonies in the liver, kidneys and lymph nodes in natural killer (NK) cell-depleted severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice, though SBC-3 / ADM cells more rapidly produced metastases than did SBC-3 cells. Treatment with VP-16 and ADM reduced metastasis formation by SBC-3 cells, whereas the same treatment did not affect metastasis by SBC-3 / ADM cells. Although MS-209 alone had no effect on metastasis by SBC-3 or SBC-3 / ADM cells, combined use of MS-209 with VP-16 or ADM resulted in marked inhibition of metastasis formation by SBC-3 / ADM cells to multiple organs [2].
FM04 is a potent P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor (EC50=83 nM). FM04 inhibits P-gp in 2 mechanism: (1)FM04 binds to Q1193, followed by interacting with the functionally critical residues H1195 and T1226; or (2)FM04 binds to I1115 (a functionally critical residue itself), disrupting the R262-Q1081-Q1118 interaction pocket and uncoupling ICL2-NBD2 interaction and thereby inhibiting P-gp[1].
Elacridar is a potent P-glycoprotein (Pgp) and BCRP inhibitor.
Paris saponin VII (Chonglou Saponin VII) is a steroidal saponin isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Trillium tschonoskii Maxim. Paris saponin VII-induced apoptosis in K562/ADR cells is associated with Akt/MAPK and the inhibition of P-gp. Paris saponin VII attenuates mitochondrial membrane potential, increases the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, such as Bax and cytochrome c, and decreases the protein expression levels of Bcl-2, caspase-9, caspase-3, PARP-1, and p-Akt. Paris saponin VII induces a robust autophagy in K562/ADR cells and provides a biochemical basis in the treatment of leukemia[1].
Piperine, a natural alkaloid isolated from Piper nigrum L, inhibits P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4 activities with an IC50 value of 61.94±0.054 μg/mL in HeLa cell.
HM30181 is a potent and selective inhibitor of P-glycoprotein.
RMS5, a tetrandrine analogue, is a potent P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor. RMS5 has markedly antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects on cancer cells. RMS5 slightly diminishes the expression of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins Bcl-XL and Mcl-1. RMS3 causes PARP cleavage, a marker for cells undergoing apoptosis. RMS5 has strong anticancer property[1].
Pepluanin A is a natural compound isolated from Euphorbia peplus L. Pepluanin A shows a very high activity for a jatrophane diterpene, outperforming Cyclosporin A by a factor of at least 2 in the inhibition of Pgp-mediated Daunomycin (HY-13062A) transport[1]
HM30181 mesylate is a competitive and potent P-glycoprotein inhibitor.
RMS3, a tetrandrine analogue, is a potent P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor. RMS3 has markedly antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects on cancer cells. RMS3 causes PARP cleavage, a marker for cells undergoing apoptosis. RMS3 has strong anticancer property[1].
Trifluoperazine-d3 (dihydrochloride) is deuterium labeled Trifluoperazine (dihydrochloride). Trifluoperazine dihydrochloride, an antipsychotic agent, acts by blocking central dopamine receptors. Trifluoperazine dihydrochloride is a potent α1-adrenergic receptor antagonist. Trifluoperazine dihydrochloride is a potent NUPR1 inhibitor exerting anticancer activity. Trifluoperazine dihydrochloride is a calmodulin inhibitor, and also inhibits P-glycoprotein. Trifluoperazine dihydrochloride can be used for the research of schizophrenia. Trifluoperazine dihydrochloride acts as a reversible inhibitor of influenza virus morphogenesis[1][2][3][4][5].
Tariquidar methanesulfonate, hydrate is a potent and specific inhibitor of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) with a Kd of 5.1 nM.
Evodine, the major limonoid of Evodiae Fuctus, is a potent P-gp inhibitor. Evodine has protection against glutamateinduced toxicity by preserving the antioxidant defense system[1].
P-gb-IN-1 (compound Ⅲ-8), a 2,5-disubstituted furan derivative, is a highly effective, broadspectrum P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor. P-gb-IN-1 displayed the reversal activity by inhibiting P-gp efflux. P-gb-IN-1 has a potent affinity to P-gp by forming H-bond interactions with residues Asn 721 and Met 986. P-gb-IN-1 possesses broad-spectrum reversal activity and low toxicity in MCF-7/ADR cells[1].
Neostenine is a stenine-type Stemona alkaloid, with antitussive activity. Neostenine is also a substrate of P-glycoprotein with high absorptive permeability in Caco-2 monolayer model. Neostenine also shows oral activity for intestinal application[1][2].
1-Monopalmitin, a bitter melon extract, inhibits the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity in intestinal Caco-2 cells[1].
NSC23925 is a novel, selective and effective P-glycoprotein (Pgp) inhibitor.
CP-100356 hydrochloride is an orally active dual MDR1 (P-gp)/BCRP inhibitor, with an IC50s of 0.5 and 1.5 µM for inhibiting MDR1-mediated Calcein-AM transport and BCRP-mediated Prazosin transport, respectively. CP-100356 hydrochloride is also a weak inhibitor of OATP1B1 (IC50=∼66 µM). CP-100356 hydrochloride is devoid of inhibition against MRP2 and major human P450 enzymes (IC50>15 µM)[1].
Epoxylathyrol, an epoxylathyrane derivative isolated from the Euphorbia boetica, is a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor. Epoxylathyrol is a P-gp-mediated multidrug resistance (MDR) reverser[1][2].
Sinapine is an alkaloid from seeds of the cruciferous species which shows favorable biological activities such as antioxidant and radio-protective activities.
Biricodar (VX-710) is a modulator of P-glycoprotein and MRP-1; shows effective chemosensitizing activity in multidrug resistant cells.
Phellamurin is a plant flavonone glycoside from the leaves of Phellodendron amurense and inhibits intestinal P-glycoprotein. Phellamurin also inhibits egg laying by Papilio protenor. Phellamurin induces cells apoptosis and has anti-tumor activity[1][2][3].
Zamicastat is a concentration-dependent dual P-gp and BCRP inhibitor with IC50 values of 73.8±7.2 μM and 17.0±2.7 μM, respectively.
Boeravinone B, a dual inhibitor of NorA bacterial efflux pump of Staphylococcus aureus and human P-Glycoprotein, reduces the biofilm formation and intracellular invasion of bacteria. Boeravinone B act as anti-aging and anti-apoptosis phyto-molecules during oxidative stress[1][2].
Atazanavir-d6 is deuterium labeled Atazanavir. Atazanavir (BMS-232632), a highly selective HIV-1 protease inhibitor, is the first protease inhibitor approved for once-daily administration[1]. Atazanavir (BMS-232632) is a substrate and inhibitor of CYP3A4, and an inhibitor and inducer of P-glycoprotein (P-gp)[2]. Atazanavir is also a SARS-CoV 3CLpro inhibitor with an IC50 of 3.49 μM[3].
ONT-093 is a potent inhibitor of P-glycoprotein pump. ONT-093 has the potential for the research cancer diseases[1].