1-Eicosanol is a natural compound with antioxidant activity isolated from Hypericum carinatum[1].
Liriodendrin is an HSF1 agonist can be isolated from E. ulmoides[1].
Hoechst 33342 is a DNA minor groove binder used fluorochrome for visualizing cellular DNA.
MK204 is an aldose reductase (AR) inhibitor that can be used in diabetes research[1].
2,6-Dimethoxybenzoic acid is a member of organic compounds known as o-methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives.
Sodium 5-bromo-4-chloro-1H-indol-3-yl phosphate is a biochemical reagent that can be used as a biological material or organic compound for life science related research.
Tetrabutylammonium bifluoride is a biochemical reagent that can be used as a biological material or organic compound for life science related research.
Ozanimod (hydrochloride) (RPC-1063), a sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator that binds with high affinity selectively to S1P receptor subtypes 1 (S1P1) and 5 (S1P5). Ozanimod (hydrochloride) (RPC-1063) has modulate effect for hS1P1 and hS1P5 receptor with EC50s of 1.03 nM and 8.6 nM, respectively. Ozanimod (hydrochloride) (RPC-1063) can be used for the research of relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS) [1].
Ganglioside GM3-d5 (Bovine Milk ammonium salt) is deuterium labeled Ganglioside GM3 (Bovine Milk ammonium salt).
Baohuoside I, a flavonoid isolated from Epimedium koreanum Nakai, acts as an inhibitor of CXCR4, downregulates CXCR4 expression, induces apoptosis and shows anti-tumor activity.
Paris saponin VII (Chonglou Saponin VII) is a steroidal saponin isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Trillium tschonoskii Maxim. Paris saponin VII-induced apoptosis in K562/ADR cells is associated with Akt/MAPK and the inhibition of P-gp. Paris saponin VII attenuates mitochondrial membrane potential, increases the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, such as Bax and cytochrome c, and decreases the protein expression levels of Bcl-2, caspase-9, caspase-3, PARP-1, and p-Akt. Paris saponin VII induces a robust autophagy in K562/ADR cells and provides a biochemical basis in the treatment of leukemia[1].
Safinamide-d4-1 is deuterium labeled Safinamide. Safinamide is a potent, selective, and reversible monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitor (IC50=0.098 µM) over MAO-A (IC50=580 µM)[1]. Safinamide also blocks sodium channels and modulates glutamate (Glu) release, showing a greater affinity at depolarized (IC50=8 µM) than at resting (IC50=262 µM) potentials. Safinamide has neuroprotective and neurorescuing effects and can be used for the study of parkinson disease, ischemia stroke etc.al[2][3].
Damulin B is a dammarane-type saponin found in Gynostemma pentaphyllum.Damulin B can induce cell apoptosis and has anti-cancer activities in vitro[1][2].
Miglitol is an oral anti-diabetic drug that acts by inhibiting the ability of the patient to breakdown complex carbohydrates into glucose.Target: OthersMiglitol is an oral anti-diabetic drug that acts by inhibiting the ability of the patient to breakdown complex carbohydrates into glucose. It is primarily used in diabetes mellitus type 2 for establishing greater glycemic control by preventing the digestion of carbohydrates (such as disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides) into monosaccharides which can be absorbed by the body. Miglitol inhibits glycoside hydrolase enzymes called alpha-glucosidases. Since miglitol works by preventing digestion of carbohydrates, it lowers the degree of postprandial hyperglycemia. It must be taken at the start of main meals to have maximal effect. Its effect will depend on the amount of non-monosaccharide carbohydrates in a person's diet. Dietary supplementation with miglitol from pre-onset stage in OLETF rats delays the onset and development of diabetes and preserves the insulin secretory function of pancreatic islets [1]. Miglitol was orally administered at 40 mg/100 g of high-fat diet containing 45% kcal as fat to 12-week-old rats for 29 days, and age-matched rats without the agent were used as the respective controls [2].
1,4-O-Diferuloylsecoisolariciresinol (compound 7) is a nature product that could be isolated from Hypericum nagasawae. 1,4-O-Diferuloylsecoisolariciresinol can be used in research of cancer[1].
Rimocidin, a polyene macrolide, is an antifungal compound. Rimocidin shows broad‐spectrum antifungal activity against multiple plant‐pathogenic fungi[1][2].
Ursolic acid(Bungeolic acid) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acid, exerts anti-tumor effects and is an effective compound for cancer prevention and therapy. IC50 value:Target:in vitro: UA induced phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPKα) and suppressed the protein expression of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) in the dose-dependent manner [1]. The combination of ursolic acid (0.5 μM) and leucine (10 μM) proved to be the most effective in promoting myogenic differentiation. The combination of ursolic acid and leucine significantly increased CK activity than treatment with either agent alone. The level of myosin heavy chain, a myogenic differentiation marker protein, was also enhanced by the combination of ursolic acid and leucine [2]. Ursolic acid efficiently induced apoptosis, possibly via the downregulation of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), the upregulation of Bcl-2-associated X protein and the proteolytic activation of caspase-3. Furthermore, the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase was increased by the administration of ursolic acid. In addition, ursolic acid significantly suppressed the invasive phenotype of the SNU-484 cells and significantly decreased the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 [3]. ursolic acid (UA) potently induces the apoptosis of gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells. Further mechanistic studies revealed that the ROCK1/PTEN signaling pathway plays a critical role in UA-mediated mitochondrial translocation of cofilin-1 and apoptosis [4].in vivo: UA treatment markedly improved the survival of septic rats, and attenuated CLP-induced lung injury, including reduction of lung wet/dry weight ratio, infiltration of leukocytes and proteins, myeloperoxidase activity, and malondialdehyde content. In addition, UA significantly decreased the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β, inhibited the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in the lung, which are involved in the productions of nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 [5].
NVP-BVU972 is a selective and potent Met inhibitor (IC50 = 14 nM). Antitumor agents.IC50 value: 14 nM [1]Target: MetNVP-BVU972 potently inhibits MET kinase but displays low inhibition against other kinases including the most closely related kinase RON with IC50 values of more than 1000 nM. NVP-BVU972 also suppresses constitutive MET phosphorylation in GTL-16 cells or HGF-stimulated MET phosphorylation in A549 cells with IC50 values of 7.3 nM and 22 nM, respectively. NVP-BVU972 potently prevents the growth of the MET gene amplified cell lines GTL-16, MKN-45 and EBC-1 with IC50 values of 66 nM, 82 nM and 32 nM, respectively. In line with their high frequency in the NVP-BVU972 screen, Y1230 and D1228 mutations give rise to dramatic shifts in the measured IC50 values for NVP-BVU972 in BaF3 cell line. Resistance triggered by V1155L is more limited to NVP-BVU972. A dose-dependent reduction in TPR-MET phosphorylation when applying NVP-BVU972 to BaF3 cells expressing wild-type TPR-MET. Both Y1230H and D1228A mutations abrogated the effect of NVP-BVU972 but not AMG 458. However, F1200I and L1195V interferes with the potency of NVP-BVU972 to prevent TPR-MET phosphorylation.
CB1/2 agonist 3 (compound 52), a potent non-selective cannabinoid ligand, is a CB1/CB2 (cannabinoid receptor) competitive agonist. CB1/2 agonist 3 acts on hCB1 and hCB2 with Ki values of 5.9 nM and 3.5 nM, respectively[1].
2-Cyclopropylethan-1-amine-d4 is the deuterium labeled 2-Cyclopropylethan-1-amine[1].
Topoisomerase inhibitor 2 (18C) is a bacterial topoisomeraseinhibitor that exhibits potent broad-spectrum activity against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria[1].
TNF-α-IN-1 is a TNF-α inhibitor extracted from patent US20030096841A1, compound example I-7.
VU6001376 is a potent and selective positive allosteric modulator of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 (mGlu4 PAM) with an EC50 of 50.1 nM[1].
Pyrimethamine(RP4753) is a medication used for protozoal infections; interferes with tetrahydrofolic acid synthesis from folic acid by inhibiting the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR).IC50 Value: 15.4 nM (Plasmodium falciparum) [1]Target: DHFR; antifolatein vitro: Three susceptibility levels (susceptible, intermediate, and resistant) were observed in the response of culture-adapted clones and strains to pyrimethamine (50% inhibitory concentration [IC50]) < 100, 100-2,000, and > 2,000 nM) and cycloguanil (IC50 < 50, 50-500, and > 500 nM). Based on these susceptibility levels, 73 and 68 of 96 fresh clinical isolates were susceptible to pyrimethamine (mean IC50 15.4 nM) and cycloguanil (mean IC50 11.1 nM), respectively [1]. We tested pyrimethamine(previously reported to suppress SOD1 expression), several compounds currently in trials in human and murine ALS, and a set of 1040 FDA-approved compounds. In a PC12 cell-based assay, no compounds reduced SOD1 promoter activity without concomitant cytotoxicity. Additionally,pyrimethamine failed to repress levels of SOD1 protein in HeLa cells or homogenates of liver, spinal cord and brain of wild-type mice [3].in vivo: (131)I-Pyrimethamine (specific activity: 7.08 MBq/ mol) was injected intravenously into the tail vein of the control and infected rats. Static whole body images of the rats were acquired under the gamma camera at 5 min, 45 min, 2 h, 6 h, and 24 h following the intravenous administration of the radioactivity (3.7 MBq/rat) [2]. The 10-day treatment with 10mg/kg/day of fluconazole combined with 40/1mg/kg/day sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine resulted in 93% survival of CF1 mice acutely infected with the highly virulent T. gondii RH strain, versus 36% of mice treated with just sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine [4].Toxicity: Sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine is well tolerated as treatment and when used as intermittent preventive treatment in pregnant African women. Sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine is no longer used as prophylaxis because it may cause toxic epidermal necrolysis and Stevens Johnson syndrome [5].
Oxyresveratrol 3'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside is a phenolic compound isolated from Morus nigra root and is an effective tyrosinase inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.64 μM[1].
Aldoxorubicin (INNO-206) is an albumin-binding prodrug of doxorubicin, which is released from albumin under acidic conditions. Aldoxorubicin (INNO-206) has potent antitumor activities in various cancer cell lines and in in murine tumor models.
Phytanic acid is an endogenous metabolite present in Blood that can be used for the research of Zellweger Syndrome, Alpha Methylacyl CoA Racemase Deficiency, Rhizomelic Chondrodysplasia Punctata and Infantile Refsum Disease[1][2][3][4][5].
9AzNue5Ac, 9-azido-9-deoxy-N-acetylneuraminic acid, is a click chemistry reagent and a Neu5Ac analogue with the substitution of 9-hydroxyl group with an azide. 9AzNue5Ac could be metabolized and incorporated into sialoglycans in living cells and mice. Click chemistry has great potential for use in binding between nucleic acids, lipids, proteins, and other molecules, and has been used in many research fields because of its beneficial characteristics, including high yield, high specificity, and simplicity[1].
Piperine, a natural alkaloid isolated from Piper nigrum L, inhibits P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4 activities with an IC50 value of 61.94±0.054 μg/mL in HeLa cell.
Aleglitazar(R1439; RO-0728804) is a new dual PPAR-α/γ agonist with IC50 of 2.8 nM/4.6 nM.IC50 Value: 2.8 nM(PPAR-α); 4.6 nM(PPAR-γ)Target: PPARα/γAleglitazar (R1439) is a dual peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonist, with affinity to PPARα and PPARγ. Aleglitazar is being developed for the treatment of type II diabetes; It is currently in phase III clinical trials. In preliminary clinical studies, Aleglitazar has been demonstrated to improve hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Aleglitazar has beneficial effects on both lipid and glucose parameters and may have a therapeutic role in modifying cardiovascular risk factors and improving glycemic control in patients with T2DM. Aleglitazar combines the lipid benefits of fibrates and the insulin-sensitizing benefits of thiazolidinediones.