AT-121 hydrochloride is a bifunctional nociception and mu opioid receptor agonist, with Kis of 3.67 and 16.49 nM, respectively. AT-121 hydrochloride is a safe, non-addictive analgesic, and shows antinociceptive and antiallodynic effects[1].
Sunifiram (DM-235) is a piperazine derived ampakine-like drug which has nootropic effects in animal studies with significantly higher potency than piracetam.IC50 value: Target: in vitro: DM 232 and DM 235 are novel antiamnesic compounds structurally related to ampakines. The involvement of AMPA receptors in the mechanism of action of DM 232 and DM 235 was, therefore, investigated in vivo and in vitro. Both compounds (0.1 mg/kg i.p.) were able to reverse the amnesia induced by the AMPA receptor antagonist NBQX (30 mg/kg i.p.) in the mouse passive avoidance test. At the effective doses, the investigated compounds did not impair motor coordination, as revealed by the rota rod test, nor modify spontaneous motility and inspection activity, as revealed by the hole board test [1]. In mouse hippocampal slices, sunifiram at 10-100 nM significantly enhanced LTP in a bell-shaped dose-response relationship which peaked at 10 nM. The enhancement of LTP by sunifiram treatment was inhibited by 7-chloro-kynurenic acid (7-ClKN), an antagonist for glycine-binding site of NMDAR, but not by ifenprodil, an inhibitor for polyamine site of NMDAR [2].in vivo: OBX mice were administered once a day for 7-12 days with sunifiram (0.01-1.0 mg/kg p.o.) from 10 days after operation with or without gavestinel (10 mg/kg i.p.), which is glycine-binding site inhibitor of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) [3].
Iproniazid is a non-selective, irreversible monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor of the hydrazine class. Iproniazid has antidepressive activity[1].
Catharanthine inhibits nicotinic receptor mediated diaphragm contractions with IC50 of 59.6 μM.Target: nAChRCatharanthine evokes a concentration-dependent attenuation of carbachol responses in the rat ileum preparation, producing rightward curve displacements and decreases in maximal agonist responses. The mixture of serpentine, plus ajmalicine and catharanthine reveals a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect of acethylcholinesterase (AchE), with an IC50 at ca. 2.25 μg/Ml [1]. Catharanthine can induce the self-association of tubulin into linear indefinite polymers with an efficacy that is 75% that of vinblastine or vincristine. Catharanthine binds to tubulin alpha-beta dimer with binding constant of 2.8 mM [2]. Catharanthine stimulates release of amylase from pancreatic fragments and to cause extensive degranulation of pancreatic acinar cells with accumulation of membrane material in the Golgi region. Catharanthine induces a delayed release of Ca2+ from prelabeled pancreatic fragments as compared to bethanechol [3]. Catharanthine inhibits epibatidine-induced Ca(2+) influx in TE671-α, -β, -γ, -δ cells in a noncompetitive manner with similar potencies IC50 of 17 mM-25 mM. Catharanthine inhibits [3H]TCP binding to the desensitized Torpedo AChR with higher affinity compared to the resting AChR. Catharanthine enhances [3H]cytisine binding to resting but activatable Torpedo AChRs, suggesting desensitizing properties [4].
Topiramate D12 (McN 4853 D12) is a deuterium labeled Topiramate. Topiramate is a broad-spectrum antiepileptic agent. Topiramate is a GluR5 receptor antagonist. Topiramate produces its antiepileptic effects through enhancement of GABAergic activity, inhibition of kainate/AMPA receptors, inhibition of voltage-sensitive sodium and calcium channels, increases in potassium conductance, and inhibition of carbonic anhydrase[1][2][3].
Venlafaxine-d6-1 is deuterium labeled Venlafaxine. Venlafaxine (Wy 45030) is an orally active, potent serotonin (5-HT)/norepinephrine (NE) reuptake dual inhibitor. Venlafaxine is an antidepressant[1].
MR2938 is a potent AChE inhibitor, with an IC50 of 5.04 μM. MR2938 also suppresses NO production obviously (IC50 = 3.29 μM). MR2938 suppresses the neuroinflammation through blocking MAPK/JNK and NF-κB signaling pathways. MR2938 can be used for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) research[1].
N-Desethyloxybutynin hydrochloride is an active metabolite of Oxybutynin. N-Desethyloxybutynin hydrochloride binds to mAChRs in isolated? human bladder and human parotid gland with pKi values of 8.2 and 8.7, respectively[1].
Novel fluorescent substrate for both the serotonin transporter and the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2)
NGB 2904 hydrochloride is a potent, selective, orally active and brain-penetrated antagonist of dopamine D3 receptor, with a Ki of 1.4 nM. NGB 2904 hydrochloride shows selectivity for D3 over D2, 5-HT2, α1, D4, D1 and D5 receptors (Kis=217, 223, 642, >5000, >10000 and >10000 nM, respectively). NGB 2904 hydrochloride antagonizes Quinpirole-stimulated mitogenesis. NGB 2904 hydrochloride can inhibit Cocaine's rewarding effects and Cocaine-induced reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior[1][2].
(rel)-Asperparaline A ((rel)-Aspergillimide), an anthelmintic metabolite, is isolated from okara that has been fermented with Aspergillus japonicas JV-23. (rel)-Asperparaline A is also a potent and selective antagonist of nAChR. (rel)-Asperparaline A exhibits paralytic activity in silk worms[1][2].
PCS1055 dihydrochloride is a potent, selective and competitive muscarinic M4 receptor antagonist with an IC50 of 18.1 nM and a Kd of 5.72 nM. PCS1055 dihydrochloride inhibits radioligand [3H]-NMS binding to the M4 receptor with a Ki of 6.5 nM. PCS1055 dihydrochloride exhibits >100-fold selectivity over M1-, M3-, and M5-receptors and 30-fold selectivity at the M2 receptor. PCS1055 dihydrochloride is also a potent AChE inhibitor with IC50 s of 22 nM and 120 nM for electric eel and human AChE, respectively[1][2].
5-HT2C agonist-3 ((+)-19) free base is a selective 5-HT2C agonist (EC50: 24 nM, Ki: 78 nM). 5-HT2C agonist-3 free base has antipsychotic drug-like activity. 5-HT2C agonist-3 free base blocks Amphetamine-induced hyperactivity[1].
MEN 15596 is a potent and selective tachykinin NK2 receptor antagonist with a pKi of 10.1.
Arbaclofen placarbil is a novel transported prodrug of the active R-isomer of baclofen. Baclofen is a racemic GABAB receptor agonist
Prucalopride-13C,d3 is the 13C- and deuterium labeled.
(+)-Norfenfluramine hydrochloride, a major hepatic metabolite of (+)-fenfluramine, is a selective 5-HT2B receptor agonist (Ki: 11.2 nM). (+)-Norfenfluramine hydrochloride potently stimulates the hydrolysis of inositol phosphates and increases intracellular Ca2+. (+)-Norfenfluramine hydrochloride can be used for the research of primary pulmonary hypertension and valvular heart disease[1].
MAO-IN-3 (Compound 5) is a reversible and competitive MAO inhibitor (Ki: 0.6 and 0.2 μM for MAO A and MAO B). MAO-IN-3 inhibits LN-229 glioblastoma cell proliferation with an IC50 of 0.8 μM. MAO-IN-3 can be used for cancer research[1].
β-Lipotropin (60-65) (β-LPH (60-65)), an opioid peptide, is a potent opioid agonist[1].
α-Conotoxin MrIC is an α7nAChR biased agonist. α-Conotoxin MrIC exclusively activates α7nAChR regulated by type II positive allosteric modulators, including PNU120596. α-Conotoxin MrIC can be used to study neurological diseases and also to probe the pharmacological properties of α7nAChR[1].
AChE/BChE-IN-2 (Compound 13b) is a potent inhibitor of AChE/BChE (AChE IC50 = 0.96 ± 0.14 µM, BChE IC50 = 1.23 ± 0.23 µM). AChE/BChE-IN-2 has the potential for the research of AD diseases[1].
SR 57227A is a potent, orally active and selective 5-HT3 receptor agonist, with ability to cross the blood brain barrier. SR 57227A has affinities (IC50) varying between 2.8 and 250 nM for 5-HT3 receptor binding sites in rat cortical membranes and on whole NG 108-15 cells or their membranes. Anti-depressant effects[1][2].
Amitriptylinoxide (Equilibrin) is an analogue and metabolite of amitriptyline with similar antidepressant efficacy[1].
Pipequaline hydrochloride (PK-8165 hydrochloride) is a partial benzodiazepine receptor agonist with anxiolytic activity[1][2].
Buspirone hydrochloride is an anxiolytic psychotropic drug, is used to treat generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).
Zolmitriptan-d6 is deuterium labeled Zolmitriptan. Zolmitriptan (BW-311C90; 311C90) is a 5-HT1B/1D receptor partial agonist with Kis of 5.01 nM, 0.63 nM, and 63.09 nM for 5-HT1B, 5-HT1D, 5-HT1F receptor, respectively. Zolmitriptan can be used for the research of migraine[1][2].
Lintopride is a 5HT4 antagonist with moderate 5HT3 antagonist properties.
Sarpogrelate(MCI-9042) hydrochloride, a selective 5-HT2 antagonist, has been widely used as an anti-platelet agent for the treatment of PAD.Target: 5-HT2 RecepterSarpogrelate is a drug which acts as an antagonist at the 5HT2A and 5-HT2B receptors. Sarpogrelate was shown to have the same affinity as ritanserin for 5-HT2A receptors, with a Ki value of 8.39 nM [1]. Sarpogrelate lacked prominent 5-HT1-like, 5-HT3, beta, H1, H2 and M3 antagonist activity and weakly blocked alpha 1-adrenoceptors (pKB = 6.30). (S)-M-1 showed weak affinity for 5-HT1-like receptors (pKB = 6.30), alpha 1- (pKB = 6.80) and beta- (pKB = 6.54) adrenoceptors, while (R)-M-1 was a weak antagonist at histamine H1 receptors (pKB = 6.49) [2]. After 12 weeks of sarpogrelate administration, FBF and LBF responses during RH showed significant increases from 13.2 +/- 1.7 to 18.1 +/- 2.2 mL/min per 100 mL tissue (P < 0.01) and from 8.2 +/- 0.9 to 14.2 +/- 2.1 mL/min per 100 mL tissue (P < 0.05), respectively. Sarpogrelate-induced augmentation of FBF and LBF responses to RH was maintained at 24 weeks. Long-term oral administration of sarpogrelate improves vascular function in patients with PAD [3].
Methyl ganoderate A acetonide, a lanostane triterpene, is a natural product that could be isolated from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum. Methyl ganoderate A acetonide is a potent AChE inhibitor with an IC50 value of 18.35 μM. Methyl ganoderate A acetonide can be used in research of Alzheimer’s disease (AD)[1].
Harmaline is a potent and reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor in vivo. Harmaline is a central nervous system stimulant and can be used to induce tremor in rodents.