Cyclooxygenase (COX), officially known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), is an enzyme that is responsible for formation of important biological mediators called prostanoids, including prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane. Pharmacological inhibition of COX can provide relief from the symptoms of inflammation and pain. Drugs, like Aspirin, that inhibit cyclooxygenase activity have been available to the public for about 100 years. Two cyclooxygenase isoforms have been identified and are referred to as COX-1 and COX-2. Under many circumstances the COX-1 enzyme is produced constitutively (i.e., gastric mucosa) whereas COX-2 is inducible (i.e., sites of inflammation). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), such as aspirin and ibuprofen, exert their effects through inhibition of COX. The main COX inhibitors are the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).


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Carpro-AM1

Carpro-AM1 is a dual-acting FAAH/substrate-selective COX inhibitor with an IC50 value of 94 nM for FAAH[1].

  • CAS Number: 2499489-76-6
  • MF: C21H18ClN3O
  • MW: 363.84
  • Catalog: COX
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

APHS

APHS is a specific and covalent COX-2 inhibitor with neuroprotective effects. COX-2 is a prostaglandin (PG) synthetase overexpressed in colorectal cancer (CRC) and has pleiotropic cancer-promoting effects. APHS modifies COX-2 by acetylating the active site (serine 516), thereby inhibiting prostaglandin production. The neuroprotective activity of APHS is inhibited by prostaglandin E2. APHS also co-inhibits the WNT pathway, an anti-tumor mechanism in addition to COX-2 inhibition[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 209125-28-0
  • MF: C15H18O2S
  • MW: 262.37
  • Catalog: COX
  • Density: 1.1g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 363.3ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 165.7ºC

3,9-Dihydroeucomin

3,9-Dihydroeucomin (compound 12) is a natural homoisoflavonoid compound with less COX-2 inhibitory activitys[1].

  • CAS Number: 887375-68-0
  • MF: C17H16O5
  • MW: 300.31
  • Catalog: COX
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 538.6±39.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 201.8±20.6 °C

4,4'-Dihydroxy-2,6-dimethoxydihydrochalcone

4,4'-Dihydroxy-2,6-dimethoxydihydrochalcone exhibits COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitory activity[1].

  • CAS Number: 151752-08-8
  • MF: C17H18O5
  • MW: 302.322
  • Catalog: COX
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 532.7±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 196.7±23.6 °C

Etoricoxib-13C,d3

Etoricoxib-13C,d3 is the 13C- and deuterium labeled. Etoricoxib (MK-0663) is a non steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, acting as a selective and orally active COX-2 inhibitor, with IC50s of 1.1 μM and 116 μM for COX-2 and COX-1 in human whole blood.

  • CAS Number: 2748267-73-2
  • MF: C1713CH12D3ClN2O2S
  • MW: 362.85
  • Catalog: COX
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Flurbiprofen-13C,d3

Flurbiprofen-13C,d3 is the 13C- and deuterium labeled. Flurbiprofen (dl-Flurbiprofen) is a potent, orally active nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAIA/NSAID), with antipyretic and analgesic activities. Flurbiprofen is commonly used for the research of inflammatory diseases, including osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Flurbiprofen is a non-selective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor that can be used for the research of colorectal cancer[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 2747917-55-9
  • MF: C1413CH10D3FO2
  • MW: 248.27
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Indomethacin sodium hydrate

Indomethacin sodium hydrate (Indometacin sodium hydrate) is a potent, blood-brain permeable and nonselective inhibitor of COX1 and COX2, with IC50s of 18 nM and 26 nM for human COX-1 and COX-2, respectively, in CHO cells[1]. Indomethacin sodium hydrate disrupts autophagic flux by disturbing the normal functioning of lysosomes[2].

  • CAS Number: 74252-25-8
  • MF: C19H21ClNNaO7
  • MW: 357.788
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 499.4±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 162ºC
  • Flash Point: 255.8±28.7 °C

GW-406381

GW406381, a highly selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, attenuates spontaneous ectopic discharge in sural nerves of rats following chronic constriction injury[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 221148-46-5
  • MF: C21H19N3O3S
  • MW: 393.45900
  • Catalog: COX
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

LOXOPROFEN SODIUM SALT

Loxoprofen sodium dihydrate is a non-steroidal, orally active anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and anti-pyretic properties. Loxoprofen sodium dihydrate is a nonselective COX inhibitor with IC50s of 6.5 and 13.5 μM for COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Loxoprofen sodium dihydrate can reduce atherosclerosis and shows antitumor activity[1][2][3][4].

  • CAS Number: 226721-96-6
  • MF: C15H21NaO5
  • MW: 304.31400
  • Catalog: COX
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: 198 °C(dec.)
  • Flash Point: N/A

UR-8880

Cimicoxib (CX) is an orally active potent and selective COX-2 (cyclo-oxygenase-2) inhibitor. Cimicoxib exhibits promising anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity. The PK parameters of Cimicoxib in dogs given precise (2 mg/kg) and approximate doses (1.95-2.5 mg/kg) are similar[1].

  • CAS Number: 265114-23-6
  • MF: C16H13ClFN3O3S
  • MW: 381.81
  • Catalog: COX
  • Density: 1.49g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 593.1ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 312.5ºC

Mefenamic Acid-d3

Mefenamic Acid-d3 is the deuterium labeled Mefenamic acid. Mefenamic acid is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, acting as a competitive inhibitor of hCOX-1 and hCOX-2, with IC50s of 40 nM and 3 μM for hCOX-1 and hCOX-2, respectively.

  • CAS Number: 1189707-81-0
  • MF: C15H12D3NO2
  • MW: 244.30
  • Catalog: COX
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

3,4,5-Trihydroxy(2H2)benzoic acid

Gallic acid-d2 is the deuterium labeled Gallic acid[1]. Gallic acid (3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid) is a natural polyhydroxyphenolic compound and an free radical scavenger to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)[2]. Gallic acid has various activities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticance activities[3].

  • CAS Number: 294660-92-7
  • MF: C7H4D2O5
  • MW: 172.132
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.7±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 501.1±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 271.0±26.6 °C

Diclofenac potassium

Diclofenac potassium is a potent and nonselective anti-inflammatory agent, acts as a COX inhibitor, with IC50s of 4 and 1.3 nM for human COX-1 and COX-2 in CHO cells[1], and 5.1 and 0.84 μM for ovine COX-1 and COX-2, respectively[2]. Diclofenac potassium induces apoptosis of neural stem cells (NSCs) via the activation of the caspase cascade[3].

  • CAS Number: 15307-81-0
  • MF: C14H10Cl2KNO2
  • MW: 334.239
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 412ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 156-158ºC
  • Flash Point: 203ºC