Autophagy is a lysosome-dependent degradative process that protects cancer cells from multiple stresses. Autophagy, the sequestration of organelles and proteins in autophagic vesicles (AVs) and degradation of this cargo through lysosomal fusion, allows tumor cells to survive metabolic and therapeutic stresses. Therapy-induced autophagy is a key resistance mechanism to many anticancer agents, and autophagy levels are increased in most cancers. Chloroquine derivatives block autophagy by impairing lysosomal function. Autophagy plays an emerging role in immune responses against intracellular pathogens and regulates distinct immunologic processes, important for the initiation of potent innate or adaptive immune responses. Autophagy is important for the transport of cytoplasmic constituents such as damaged mitochondria and protein aggregates to lysosomes where they are degraded and recycled back into the cytoplasm.


Anti-infection >
Arenavirus Bacterial CMV Enterovirus Filovirus Fungal HBV HCV HIV HSV Influenza Virus Parasite Reverse Transcriptase RSV SARS-CoV
Antibody-drug Conjugate >
ADC Cytotoxin ADC Linker Drug-Linker Conjugates for ADC PROTAC-linker Conjugate for PAC
Apoptosis >
Apoptosis Bcl-2 Family c-Myc Caspase DAPK Ferroptosis IAP MDM-2/p53 PKD RIP kinase Survivin Thymidylate Synthase TNF Receptor
Autophagy >
Autophagy LRRK2 ULK Mitophagy
Cell Cycle/DNA Damage >
Antifolate APC ATM/ATR Aurora Kinase Casein Kinase CDK Checkpoint Kinase (Chk) CRISPR/Cas9 Deubiquitinase DNA Alkylator/Crosslinker DNA-PK DNA/RNA Synthesis Eukaryotic Initiation Factor (eIF) G-quadruplex Haspin Kinase HDAC HSP IRE1 Kinesin LIM Kinase (LIMK) Microtubule/Tubulin Mps1 Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog p97 PAK PARP PERK Polo-like Kinase (PLK) PPAR RAD51 ROCK Sirtuin SRPK Telomerase TOPK Topoisomerase Wee1
Cytoskeleton >
Arp2/3 Complex Dynamin Gap Junction Protein Integrin Kinesin Microtubule/Tubulin Mps1 Myosin PAK
Epigenetics >
AMPK Aurora Kinase DNA Methyltransferase Epigenetic Reader Domain HDAC Histone Acetyltransferase Histone Demethylase Histone Methyltransferase JAK MicroRNA PARP PKC Sirtuin Protein Arginine Deiminase
GPCR/G Protein >
5-HT Receptor Adenosine Receptor Adenylate Cyclase Adiponectin Receptor Adrenergic Receptor Angiotensin Receptor Bombesin Receptor Bradykinin Receptor Cannabinoid Receptor CaSR CCR CGRP Receptor Cholecystokinin Receptor CRFR CXCR Dopamine Receptor EBI2/GPR183 Endothelin Receptor GHSR Glucagon Receptor Glucocorticoid Receptor GNRH Receptor GPCR19 GPR109A GPR119 GPR120 GPR139 GPR40 GPR55 GPR84 Guanylate Cyclase Histamine Receptor Imidazoline Receptor Leukotriene Receptor LPL Receptor mAChR MCHR1 (GPR24) Melatonin Receptor mGluR Motilin Receptor Neurokinin Receptor Neuropeptide Y Receptor Neurotensin Receptor Opioid Receptor Orexin Receptor (OX Receptor) Oxytocin Receptor P2Y Receptor Prostaglandin Receptor Protease-Activated Receptor (PAR) Ras RGS Protein Sigma Receptor Somatostatin Receptor TSH Receptor Urotensin Receptor Vasopressin Receptor Melanocortin Receptor
Immunology/Inflammation >
Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor CCR Complement System COX CXCR FLAP Histamine Receptor IFNAR Interleukin Related IRAK MyD88 NO Synthase NOD-like Receptor (NLR) PD-1/PD-L1 PGE synthase Salt-inducible Kinase (SIK) SPHK STING Thrombopoietin Receptor Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Arginase
JAK/STAT Signaling >
EGFR JAK Pim STAT
MAPK/ERK Pathway >
ERK JNK KLF MAP3K MAP4K MAPKAPK2 (MK2) MEK Mixed Lineage Kinase MNK p38 MAPK Raf Ribosomal S6 Kinase (RSK)
Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel >
ATP Synthase BCRP Calcium Channel CFTR Chloride Channel CRAC Channel CRM1 EAAT2 GABA Receptor GlyT HCN Channel iGluR Monoamine Transporter Monocarboxylate Transporter Na+/Ca2+ Exchanger Na+/HCO3- Cotransporter Na+/K+ ATPase nAChR NKCC P-glycoprotein P2X Receptor Potassium Channel Proton Pump SGLT Sodium Channel TRP Channel URAT1
Metabolic Enzyme/Protease >
15-PGDH 5 alpha Reductase 5-Lipoxygenase Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Acyltransferase Adenosine Deaminase Adenosine Kinase Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) Aldose Reductase Aminopeptidase Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE) ATGL ATP Citrate Lyase Carbonic Anhydrase Carboxypeptidase Cathepsin CETP COMT Cytochrome P450 Dipeptidyl Peptidase Dopamine β-hydroxylase E1/E2/E3 Enzyme Elastase Enolase FAAH FABP Factor Xa Farnesyl Transferase Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) FXR Glucokinase GSNOR Gutathione S-transferase HCV Protease Hexokinase HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase HIV Integrase HIV Protease HMG-CoA Reductase (HMGCR) HSP Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) Lactate Dehydrogenase LXR MAGL Mineralocorticoid Receptor Mitochondrial Metabolism MMP Nampt NEDD8-activating Enzyme Neprilysin PAI-1 PDHK PGC-1α Phosphatase Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Phospholipase Procollagen C Proteinase Proteasome Pyruvate Kinase RAR/RXR Renin ROR Ser/Thr Protease SGK Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD) Thrombin Tryptophan Hydroxylase Tyrosinase Xanthine Oxidase
Neuronal Signaling >
5-HT Receptor AChE Adenosine Kinase Amyloid-β Beta-secretase CaMK CGRP Receptor COMT Dopamine Receptor Dopamine Transporter FAAH GABA Receptor GlyT iGluR Imidazoline Receptor mAChR Melatonin Receptor Monoamine Oxidase nAChR Neurokinin Receptor Opioid Receptor Serotonin Transporter γ-secretase
NF-κB >
NF-κB IKK Keap1-Nrf2 MALT1
PI3K/Akt/mTOR >
Akt AMPK ATM/ATR DNA-PK GSK-3 MELK mTOR PDK-1 PI3K PI4K PIKfyve PTEN
PROTAC >
PROTAC E3 Ligase Ligand-Linker Conjugate Ligand for E3 Ligase PROTAC Linker PROTAC-linker Conjugate for PAC
Protein Tyrosine Kinase/RTK >
Ack1 ALK Bcr-Abl BMX Kinase Btk c-Fms c-Kit c-Met/HGFR Discoidin Domain Receptor DYRK EGFR Ephrin Receptor FAK FGFR FLT3 IGF-1R Insulin Receptor IRAK Itk PDGFR PKA Pyk2 ROS Src Syk TAM Receptor Trk Receptor VEGFR
Stem Cell/Wnt >
Casein Kinase ERK Gli GSK-3 Hedgehog Hippo (MST) JAK Notch Oct3/4 PKA Porcupine ROCK sFRP-1 Smo STAT TGF-beta/Smad Wnt YAP β-catenin γ-secretase
TGF-beta/Smad >
TGF-beta/Smad PKC ROCK TGF-β Receptor
Vitamin D Related >
VD/VDR
Others >
Androgen Receptor Aromatase Estrogen Receptor/ERR Progesterone Receptor Thyroid Hormone Receptor Others

MEK162(ARRY-162,ARRY-438162)

Binimetinib (MEK162) is an oral and selective MEK1/2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 12 nM.

  • CAS Number: 606143-89-9
  • MF: C17H15BrF2N4O3
  • MW: 441.227
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: 1.67
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Azacitidine (5-Azacytidine)

5-Azacytidine is a nucleoside analogue of cytidine that specifically inhibits DNA methylation by trapping DNA methyltransferases.

  • CAS Number: 320-67-2
  • MF: C8H12N4O5
  • MW: 244.205
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: 2.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 534.5±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 226-232 °C (dec.)(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 277.0±32.9 °C

Pentoxifylline-d6

Pentoxifylline-d6 (BL-191-d6) is the deuterium labeled Pentoxifylline. Pentoxifylline (BL-191), a haemorheological agent, is an orally active non-selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, with immune modulation, anti-inflammatory, hemorheological, anti-fibrinolytic and anti-proliferation effects. Pentoxifylline can be used for the research of peripheral vascular disease, cerebrovascular disease and a number of other conditions involving a defective regional microcirculation[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 1185878-98-1
  • MF: C13H12D6N4O3
  • MW: 284.34400
  • Catalog: HIV
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Degrasyn(WP1130)

Degrasyn (WP1130) is a cell-permeable deubiquitinase (DUB) inhibitor, directly inhibiting DUB activity of USP9x, USP5, USP14, and UCH37. Degrasyn has been shown to downregulate the antiapoptotic proteins Bcr-Abl and JAK2.

  • CAS Number: 856243-80-6
  • MF: C19H18BrN3O
  • MW: 384.270
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 582.1±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 305.9±30.1 °C

Nilotinib-d3

Nilotinib-d3 (AMN107-d3) is the deuterium labeled Nilotinib. Nilotinib is an orally available Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor with antineoplastic activity[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1215678-43-5
  • MF: C28H19D3F3N7O
  • MW: 532.53400
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Forigerimod

Forigerimod (IPP-201101) is a CD4 T-cell modulator. Forigerimod is a 21-amino-acid fragment of U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein 70 kDa that is phosphorylated at Ser140. Forigerimod can potently inhibit autophagy. Forigerimod can be used for the research of autoimmune disorders, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) [1][2][3][4].

  • CAS Number: 497156-60-2
  • MF: C117H181N34O32PS
  • MW:
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Heparin sodium

Heparin sodium salt is an anticoagulant which binds reversibly to antithrombin III (ATIII) and greatly accelerates the rate at which ATIII inactivates coagulation enzymes thrombin factor IIa and factor Xa.

  • CAS Number: 9041-08-1
  • MF: (C14H25NO20S3)n.xNa
  • MW: 6117(Average)
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: >181°C (dec.)
  • Flash Point: N/A

Pyriproxyfen

Pyriproxyfen is a juvenile hormone analog, preventing larvae from developing into adulthood and thus rendering them unable to reproduce. Pyriproxyfen is a pyridine-based pesticide which is found to be effective against a variety of arthropoda.

  • CAS Number: 95737-68-1
  • MF: C20H19NO3
  • MW: 321.370
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 462.0±35.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 45-47°C
  • Flash Point: 165.4±16.2 °C

Necrostatin-1

Necrostatin-1 is a potent, selective and cell-permeable necroptosis inhibitor with an EC50 of 490 nM in Jurkat cells. It acts by inhibiting the death domain kinase RIP (RIP1) in the necroptosis pathway.

  • CAS Number: 4311-88-0
  • MF: C13H13N3OS
  • MW: 259.327
  • Catalog: RIP kinase
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 441.9±37.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 151ºC
  • Flash Point: 221.1±26.5 °C

Vacuolin-1

A potent PIKfyve inhibitor that inhibits autophagy by impairing lysosomal maturation, potently and reversibly inhibits autophagosome-lysosome fusion by activating RAB5A; blocks the Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis of lysosomes induced by ionomycin or plasma membrane wounding, without affecting the process of resealing, induces the formation of giant vacuoles.

  • CAS Number: 351986-85-1
  • MF: C26H24IN7O
  • MW: 577.419
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 719.7±70.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 389.1±35.7 °C

Fasudil Hydrochloride Hydrate

Fasudil (HA-1077; AT877) hydrochloride semihydrate is a nonspecific RhoA/ROCK inhibitor and also has inhibitory effect on protein kinases, with an Ki of 0.33 μM for ROCK1, IC50s of 0.158 μM and 4.58 μM, 12.30 μM, 1.650 μM for ROCK2 and PKA, PKC, PKG, respectively. Fasudil hydrochloride semihydrate is also a potent Ca2+ channel antagonist and vasodilator[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 186694-02-0
  • MF: C28H38Cl2N6O5S2
  • MW: 673.67500
  • Catalog: HIV
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A