Estrogen and progestogen drugs

Estrogens can be divided into three types: 1. Natural estrogens: The natural estrogens secreted in the body are estradiol, estrone and estriol. At present, most of the estrogens commonly used in clinical practice in China are derivatives thereof, estradiol and its synthetic derivatives, such as long-acting estrogen for injection estradiol benzoate, estradiol valerate, estradiol cyclopentarate. And oral effective ethinyl estradiol, ethinyl estradiol, etc., are commonly used estrogen drugs in the clinic, and they can be used as contraceptives in combination with progestogens. Estriol is weaker than estradiol, and is characterized by selectivity to the vagina and cervical canal. It is clinically used for menopausal syndrome, senile vaginitis, and the like. Their metabolic processes in the body are similar to natural estrogens. Estrogate is a naturally-derived estrogen that acts as a supplement to estrogen. 2. Semi-synthetic estrogen: Ethynylestradiol is an orally potent estrogen that acts about 20 times as much as diethylstilbestrol. The long-acting derivative of estriol is nylestradiol. 3. Synthetic estrogen (non-steroidal estrogen): Non-steroidal synthetic estrogen drug diethylstilbestrol is also commonly used clinically. Lactinyl ether is a better of this class. Progestogen drugs are a general term for progestogens and drugs with similar physiological activities as natural progestogens. Its physiological role is closely related to estrogen. It changes the uterus tissue to facilitate the implantation and development of the fertilized egg, while inhibiting the ovulation of the pregnant person, affecting the function of the uterus, and the development of the mammary gland. The natural progesterone progesterone is secreted periodically from the corpus luteum. Industrially, it can be synthesized from diosgenin and sterol. Artificially modified progestogen compounds are classified into two categories according to their chemical structure: 1 derivatives of progesterone 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, such as megestrol acetate (medr-oxyprogesterone acetate), megestrol acetate, Chlormadinone acetate and injection of long-acting progesterone acetate (17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate, hydroxyprogester-one caproate). 2 19-acetylene testosterone, which is different from the structure of progesterone, is the basic structure, and changes the methyl-substituted 19-nortestosterone at 10, 13 positions, such as norethindrone, norethynodrel, homonorketone, etc. to represent.