Clozapine

Modify Date: 2024-01-02 12:02:39

Clozapine Structure
Clozapine structure
 Common Name Clozapine
CAS Number 5786-21-0 Molecular Weight 326.823
Density 1.3±0.1 g/cm3 Boiling Point 489.2±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Molecular Formula C18H19ClN4 Melting Point 182-185°C
MSDS Chinese USA Flash Point 249.6±31.5 °C
Symbol GHS06 GHS08
GHS06, GHS08		 Signal Word Danger

 Use of Clozapine


Clozapine (HF 1854) is an antipsychotic used to treat schizophrenia. Clozapine is a potent antagonist of dopamine and a number of other receptors, with a Ki of 9.5 nM for M1 receptor.

 Names

Name clozapine
Synonym More Synonyms

 Clozapine Biological Activity

Description Clozapine (HF 1854) is an antipsychotic used to treat schizophrenia. Clozapine is a potent antagonist of dopamine and a number of other receptors, with a Ki of 9.5 nM for M1 receptor.
Related Catalog
Target

Ki: 9.5 nM (M1), 51 nM (α2-adrenoceptor), 75 nM (D2)[1]
In Vitro Clozapine shows the unique property of having antipsychotic action but no Parkinson-like motor side effects. The chemical structure of clozapine facilitates a relatively rapid dissociation from D2 receptors. After short-term occupation of D2 receptors, peak neural activity raises synaptic dopamine, which then displaces clozapine. While clozapine also occupies other types of receptors, they may not have a significant role in preventing parkinsonism. Clozapine is very potent at D2 receptor with a Ki of 75 nM. Clozapine is also potent at the α2-adrenoceptor with a Ki value of 51 nM[1]. Clozapine causes paradoxical downregulation of 5-HT2A receptors. Clozapine also binds to 5-HT6 and 5-HT7 receptors with high affnity[2].
In Vivo Head-twitch response is decreased and [3H]ketanserin binding is downregulated in 1, 7, and 14 days after chronic clozapine. 5-HT2A mRNA is reduced 1 day after chronic clozapine. Induction of c-fos, but not egr-1 and egr-2, is rescued 7 days after chronicclozapine[3].
Animal Admin Mice: Mice are treated chronically (21 days) with 25 mg/kg/day clozapine. Experiments are conducted 1, 7, 14, and 21 days after the last clozapine administration. [3H]Ketanserin binding and 5-HT2A mRNA expression are determined in mouse somatosensory cortex. Head-twitch behavior, expression of c-fos, which is induced by all 5-HT2A agonists, and expression of egr-1 and egr-2, which are LSD-like specific, are assayed[3].
References

[1]. Seeman P, et al. Clozapine, a fast-off-D2 antipsychotic. ACS Chem Neurosci. 2014 Jan 15;5(1):24-9.

[2]. Zhukovskaya NL, et al. Clozapine downregulates 5-hydroxytryptamine6 (5-HT6) and upregulates 5-HT7 receptors in HeLa cells. Neurosci Lett. 2000 Jul 21;288(3):236-40.

[3]. Moreno JL, et al. Persistent effects of chronic clozapine on the cellular and behavioral responses to LSD in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2013 Jan;225(1):217-26.

 Chemical & Physical Properties

Density 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point 489.2±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point 182-185°C
Molecular Formula C18H19ClN4
Molecular Weight 326.823
Flash Point 249.6±31.5 °C
Exact Mass 326.129822
PSA 30.87000
LogP 2.36
Vapour Pressure 0.0±1.2 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction 1.681
Storage condition Store at RT
Water Solubility ethanol: 1 mg/mL

 Toxicological Information

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :
HP1750000
CHEMICAL NAME :
5H-Dibenzo(b,e)(1,4)diazepine, 8-chloro-11-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
5786-21-0
BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. :
0764984
LAST UPDATED :
199807
DATA ITEMS CITED :
33
MOLECULAR FORMULA :
C18-H19-Cl-N4
MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
326.86
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :
T C676 BM INJ FG J- AT6N DNTJ D1

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - man
DOSE/DURATION :
3280 mg/kg/82W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Blood - agranulocytosis
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - child
DOSE/DURATION :
4762 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - ataxia Behavioral - muscle contraction or spasticity Behavioral - antipsychotic
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - man
DOSE/DURATION :
5357 ug/kg/5D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - hallucinations, distorted perceptions Behavioral - antipsychotic Cardiac - pulse rate increase, without fall in BP
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - man
DOSE/DURATION :
429 mg/kg/60D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - muscle contraction or spasticity
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - woman
DOSE/DURATION :
20 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - coma Gastrointestinal - changes in structure or function of endocrine pancreas Blood - leukopenia
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - woman
DOSE/DURATION :
280 mg/kg/5W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), diffuse Blood - eosinophilia
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - man
DOSE/DURATION :
27 mg/kg/13D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Autonomic Nervous System - smooth muscle relaxant (mechanism undefined, spasmolytic) Behavioral - hallucinations, distorted perceptions Behavioral - ataxia
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human
DOSE/DURATION :
5 mg/kg/7D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Cardiac - pulse rate increase, without fall in BP
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - man
DOSE/DURATION :
4286 ug/kg/11D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea Blood - changes in cell count (unspecified) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature increase
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - woman
DOSE/DURATION :
28 mg/kg/2W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Gastrointestinal - changes in structure or function of endocrine pancreas
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - man
DOSE/DURATION :
2211 mg/kg/37W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - other Enzymes
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - man
DOSE/DURATION :
270 mg/kg/6W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea Blood - agranulocytosis
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
251 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
240 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
41600 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - ataxia Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intramuscular
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
210 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
150 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature decrease
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
90 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - muscle contraction or spasticity Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
194 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - excitement
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
36500 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION :
145 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION :
510 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
900 mg/kg/30D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - changes in liver weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
3650 mg/kg/1Y-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Liver - other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION :
6320 mg/kg/52W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - lacrimation Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Gastrointestinal - changes in structure or function of salivary glands
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Primate - monkey
DOSE/DURATION :
14560 mg/kg/2Y-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - ptosis Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Cardiac - other changes
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
1080 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 16-22 day(s) after conception lactating female 20 day(s) post-birth
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive) Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - weaning or lactation index (e.g., # alive at weaning per # alive at day 4) Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain)
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
24 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 9-14 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - pre-implantation mortality (e.g. reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - weaning or lactation index (e.g., # alive at weaning per # alive at day 4)
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
96 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 9-14 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - live birth index (measured after birth)
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
48 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 7-12 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)
TYPE OF TEST :
Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
Cytogenetic analysis
TEST SYSTEM :
Human Lymphocyte
DOSE/DURATION :
10 mg/L
REFERENCE :
HUGEDQ Human Genetics. (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ 07094) V.31- 1976- Volume(issue)/page/year: 38,77,1977 *** REVIEWS *** TOXICOLOGY REVIEW PBPSDY Pharmacological and Biochemical Properties of Drug Substances. (American Pharmaceutical Assoc., 2215 Constitution Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20037) V.1- 1977- Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,1,1977

 Safety Information

Symbol GHS06 GHS08
GHS06, GHS08
Signal Word Danger
Hazard Statements H301-H341-H361
Precautionary Statements Missing Phrase - N15.00950417-P280
Hazard Codes Xi:Irritant
Risk Phrases R22;R36/37/38
Safety Phrases S26
RIDADR UN 2811 6.1/PG 3
WGK Germany 3
RTECS HP1750000
Packaging Group III
Hazard Class 6.1(b)
HS Code 2933990090

 Customs

HS Code 2933990090
Summary 2933990090. heterocyclic compounds with nitrogen hetero-atom(s) only. VAT:17.0%. Tax rebate rate:13.0%. . MFN tariff:6.5%. General tariff:20.0%

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 Synonyms

8-Chloro-11-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine
Asaleptin
3-chloro-6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-5H-benzo[b][1,4]benzodiazepine
EINECS 227-313-7
8-Chloro-11-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-5H-dibenzo[h,e][1,4]diazepine
8-chloro-11-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine
Clorazil
5H-Dibenzo(b,e)(1,4)diazepine, 8-chloro-11-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-
Clozapine
Clozapine (Tautomer)
Iprox
8-Chloro-11-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine
5H-Dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine, 8-chloro-11-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-
Clozapinum
Azaleptine
Clozaril
Clozapin
Leponex
Fazaclo
Lepotex
MFCD00153785
8-CHLORO-11-(4-METHYL-1-PIPERAZINYL)-5H-DIBENZO(B,E)(1,4)DIA - ZEPINE
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Related Compounds: More...
CLOZAPINE-D3
1215691-72-7
Clozapine D8
1185053-50-2
Clozapine-d4
204395-52-8
Norclozapine
6104-71-8
Clozapine N-oxide
34233-69-7
2-Hydroxy-clozapine
67104-25-0
Clozapine hydrochloride
54241-01-9
Clozapine-5-N-Glucuronide
390651-03-3
Clozapine N-oxide dihydrochloride
2250025-93-3
Chemsrc provides Clozapine(CAS#:5786-21-0) MSDS, density, melting point, boiling point, structure, formula, molecular weight etc. Articles of Clozapine are included as well.>> amp version: Clozapine

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