Maleic acid

Maleic Acid is a Glutamate Decarboxylase (GAD) inhibitor of E. coli and L. monocytogenes.

Natural Products >> Acids and Aldehydes

Research Areas >> Infection

Human Endogenous Metabolite

GAD

The MICs of WT 10403S for the acids (e.g., Maleic Acid) are 34 mM, 25 mM, 31 mM and 30 mM which correspond to pH values prior to growth of 4.84, 5.14, 5.32 and 5.02 respectively. Of all compounds tested, Maleic Acid is the least inhibitory despite acting at a lower pH (4.84). The most acid resistant (10403S) and the weakest (EGD-e) strain are challenged with 8.6 mM and 4.3 mM of each organic acid at pH 3 and 3.3 respectively. On both strains, Maleic Acid is the most bactericidal[2].

[1]. Fonda ML, et al. Glutamate decarboxylase. Substrate specificity and inhibition by carboxylic acids. Biochemistry. 1972 Mar 28;11(7):1304-9.

[2]. Paudyal R, et al. A novel approach in acidic disinfection through inhibition of acid resistance mechanisms; Maleic acid-mediated inhibition of glutamate decarboxylase activity enhances acid sensitivity of Listeria monocytogenes. Food Microbiol. 2018 Feb;69:96-104.

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DATA ITEMS CITED :

13

MOLECULAR FORMULA :

C4-H4-O4

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :

116.08

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :

QV1U1VQ -C

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :

Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Administration into the eye

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :

Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Administration into the eye

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

708 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - muscle weakness Gastrointestinal - ulceration or bleeding from stomach

TYPE OF TEST :

LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

>720 mg/m3/1H

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

2400 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Tumorigenic - active as anti-cancer agent

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :

1560 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - tremor

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

DNA inhibition

TEST SYSTEM :

Human Fibroblast

DOSE/DURATION :

20 mmol/L

REFERENCE :

MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 183,89,1987 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 84505 No. of Facilities: 1840 (estimated) No. of Industries: 22 No. of Occupations: 27 No. of Employees: 17036 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 84505 No. of Facilities: 2076 (estimated) No. of Industries: 36 No. of Occupations: 45 No. of Employees: 30064 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 11590 (estimated)