Nicotinamide

Nicotinamide is a form of vitamin B3 that plays essential roles in cell physiology through facilitating NAD+ redox homeostasis and providing NAD+ as a substrate to a class of enzymes that catalyze non-redox reactions. Nicotinamide is an inhibitor of SIRT1.

Signaling Pathways >> Cell Cycle/DNA Damage >> Sirtuin

Signaling Pathways >> Epigenetics >> Sirtuin

Research Areas >> Neurological Disease

Natural Products >> Others

PARP-1

Human Endogenous Metabolite

Pretreatment with the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor nicotinamide is able to prevent HCN2 cell death. When nicotinamide is added prior to t-BuOOH, it is able to prevent neuronal cell death and inhibit apoptosis. Nicotinamide-pretreated neurons have higher expression levels of inhibitors of apoptosis (IAP) genes[1]. Nicotinamide inhibits vasoconstriction by ET. Nicotinamide also alleviates oxidative stress, which exacerbates PE and FGR[3].

Normal and streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced adult male diabetic rats receive quercetin (10, 25 and 50 mg/kg/bw) orally, and cause significant decrease in FBG and cardiac injury marker levels with increased in insulin levels[2]. Nicotinamide improves maternal hypertension, proteinuria, and glomerular endotheliosis in RUPP mice. Moreover, nicotinamide prolongs pregnancies, and improves survival and growth of the embryos in RUPP PE mice[3].

DM is induced via a single intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of nicotinamide (110 mg/kg/body weight) dissolved in normal saline 15 min prior to streptozotocin (STZ) (55 mg/kg/body weight) injection, which is dissolved in a freshly prepared 0.1mol/Lcitrate buffer (pH 4.5). These injections are given following an overnight fast. Control rats (n=6) are injected with the same amount of solvent. In order to prevent hypoglycemia in the first 24 h following STZ injection, rats are allowed to have free access to water with 5% dextrose (D5W). Three days after STZ-nicotinamide injection, rats with FBG levels greater than 7.0 mM are considered as diabetic.

[1]. Bhansali SG, et al. Nicotinamide prevents apoptosis in human cortical neuronal cells. Toxicol Mech Methods. 2006;16(4):173-80.

[2]. Roslan J, et al. Quercetin ameliorates oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in the heart of streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced adult male diabetic rats. Biomed Pharmacother. 2016 Dec 24;86:570-582

[3]. Fushima T, et al. Nicotinamide ameliorates a preeclampsia-like condition in mice with reduced uterine perfusion pressure. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2016 Dec 7:ajprenal.00501.2016

[4]. Suzuki E, et al. Protective effect of nicotinamide against poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1-mediated astrocyte death depends on its transporter-mediated uptake. Life Sci. 2010 Apr 24;86(17-18):676-82.

3-Methyladenine | Hydrocortisone | Acetylcysteine(N-acetylcysteine) | Retinoic acid | Selisistat (EX 527) | Melatonine | Dinoprostone | SRT1720 HCl | Adenosine triphosphate | 4-Acetamidophenol | Prostaglandin E1 | Dehydroepiandrosterone | Corticosterone | Progesterone | Sirtinol

MOLECULAR FORMULA :

C6-H6-N2-O

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :

122.14

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :

T6NJ CVZ

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

3500 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

1680 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

2500 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

2050 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

2 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Unreported

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - species unspecified

DOSE/DURATION :

2500 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

Sister chromatid exchange

TEST SYSTEM :

Rodent - hamster Ovary

DOSE/DURATION :

5 mmol/L

REFERENCE :

MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 126,63,1984 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-RUSSIA:STEL 1 mg/m3 JAN 1993 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - M0321 No. of Facilities: 1142 (estimated) No. of Industries: 6 No. of Occupations: 15 No. of Employees: 17336 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - M0321 No. of Facilities: 2791 (estimated) No. of Industries: 8 No. of Occupations: 34 No. of Employees: 64950 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 44524 (estimated)