Pentanoic acid

Pentanoic acid, a short-chain fatty acid, is a product of bacterial metabolism and are associated with allergic skin disorders. Pentanoic acid activates ROCK signaling pathway.

Signaling Pathways >> Cell Cycle/DNA Damage >> ROCK

Signaling Pathways >> Stem Cell/Wnt >> ROCK

Signaling Pathways >> TGF-beta/Smad >> ROCK

Natural Products >> Acids and Aldehydes

Research Areas >> Inflammation/Immunology

Human Endogenous Metabolite

ROCK

Pentanoic acid, a short-chain fatty acid, is a product of bacterial metabolism and are associated with allergic skin disorders. Pentanoic acid (0-2 mM) strongly and dose-dependently induces thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) production in PAM212 cells. Pentanoic acid slightly induces the expression of Tnfa, Il1b and Il6 mRNA, but does not induce the protein levels of TNF-α expression. Pentanoic acid (2 mM) induced-TSLP production in keratinocytes is not related to FFAR2 and FFAR3, but mediated by activating ROCK signaling pathway, and is competetely inhibited by co-inhibition of Gq/11 and the ROCK signaling pathway[1].

PAM212 murine keratinocytes are derived from BALB/c mouse skin. PAM212 cells are cultured in alpha minimal essential medium containing 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum, penicillin G (15 μg/mL), and streptomycin (50 μg/mL) in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2/95% air at 37°C. Cells seeded at 50,000 cells/mL are grown for 24 h in culture medium. Cells are stimulated with Pentanoic acid for an appropriate period. Pretreatment with Y-27632, a highly potent and selective inhibitor of Rho-associated, coiled-coil containing protein kinase (ROCK), is carried out for 1 h, whereas pretreatment with YM-254890, a specific Gq/11 inhibitor, is carried out for 30 min[1].

[1]. Mizuno N, et al. Pentanoic acid induces thymic stromal lymphopoietin production through Gq/11 and Rho-associated protein kinase signaling pathway in keratinocytes. Int Immunopharmacol. 2017 Sep;50:216-223.

3-Methyladenine | Y-27632 2HCl | Hydrocortisone | Acetylcysteine(N-acetylcysteine) | Retinoic acid | Melatonine | Dinoprostone | Nicotinamide | Adenosine triphosphate | 4-Acetamidophenol | Prostaglandin E1 | Dehydroepiandrosterone | Corticosterone | Progesterone | Fasudil Hydrochloride

DATA ITEMS CITED :

11

MOLECULAR FORMULA :

C5-H10-O2

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :

102.15

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :

QV4

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

600 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

85GMAT "Toxicometric Parameters of Industrial Toxic Chemicals Under Single Exposure," Izmerov, N.F., et al., Moscow, Centre of International Projects, GKNT, 1982 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,119,1982

TYPE OF TEST :

LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

4100 mg/m3/2H

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

85GMAT "Toxicometric Parameters of Industrial Toxic Chemicals Under Single Exposure," Izmerov, N.F., et al., Moscow, Centre of International Projects, GKNT, 1982 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,119,1982

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

3590 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

JPPMAB Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. (Pharmaceutical Soc. of Great Britain, 1 Lambeth High St., London SEI 7JN, UK) V.1- 1949- Volume(issue)/page/year: 21,85,1969

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

3590 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

JPPMAB Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. (Pharmaceutical Soc. of Great Britain, 1 Lambeth High St., London SEI 7JN, UK) V.1- 1949- Volume(issue)/page/year: 21,85,1969

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

1290 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression

REFERENCE :

APTOA6 Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica. (Copenhagen, Denmark) V.1-59, 1945-86. For publisher information, see PHTOEH Volume(issue)/page/year: 18,141,1961 *** REVIEWS *** TOXICOLOGY REVIEW AMIHAB AMA Archives of Industrial Health. (Chicago, IL) V.11-21, 1955-60. For publisher information, see AEHLAU. Volume(issue)/page/year: 21,100,1960 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 84212 No. of Facilities: 21 (estimated) No. of Industries: 1 No. of Occupations: 3 No. of Employees: 497 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 84212 No. of Facilities: 79 (estimated) No. of Industries: 2 No. of Occupations: 8 No. of Employees: 4510 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 780 (estimated)