14197-60-5

14197-60-5 structure

Name: Ginsenoside Rg3
Chemical Name: (20S)-ginsenoside Rg3
CAS Number: 14197-60-5
Molecular Formula: C₄₂H₇₂O₁₃
Molecular Weight: 785.013
Catalog: Biochemical Plant extracts
Create Date: 2018-09-26 19:26:00
Modify Date: 2024-01-02 12:19:54
Ginsenoside Rg3 is the main component of Red ginseng. Ginsenoside Rg3 inhibits Na+ and hKv1.4 channel with IC50s of 32.2±4.5 and 32.6±2.2 μM, respectively. Ginsenoside Rg3 also inhibits Aβ levels, NF-κB activity, and COX-2 expression.

Name	(20S)-ginsenoside Rg3
Synonyms	β-D-Glucopyranoside, (3β,12β)-12,20-dihydroxydammar-24-en-3-yl 2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl- 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 opyransoyl)oxy) Ginsenoside 20(s)-Rg3 GinsenosideRg3 GINSENOSIDE Rg3(SH) (20S)-PROPANAXADIOL MFCD06410950 (3β,12β)-12,20-Dihydroxydammar-24-en-3-yl 2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside 20S-Ginseniside Rg3 Ginsenoside Rg3 20(S)-Ginsenoside-Rg3

Description	Ginsenoside Rg3 is the main component of Red ginseng. Ginsenoside Rg3 inhibits Na+ and hKv1.4 channel with IC50s of 32.2±4.5 and 32.6±2.2 μM, respectively. Ginsenoside Rg3 also inhibits Aβ levels, NF-κB activity, and COX-2 expression.
Related Catalog	Signaling Pathways >> Neuronal Signaling >> Amyloid-β Signaling Pathways >> Immunology/Inflammation >> COX Signaling Pathways >> NF-κB >> NF-κB Signaling Pathways >> Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel >> Potassium Channel Signaling Pathways >> Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel >> Sodium Channel Natural Products >> Terpenoids and Glycosides Research Areas >> Cancer Research Areas >> Inflammation/Immunology Research Areas >> Neurological Disease
Target	p65 COX-2 Na+ channel:32.2 μM (IC50) hKv1.4 channel:32.6 μM (IC50) Aβ40 Aβ42
In Vitro	Ginsenoside Rg3 plays an important role in its effect on the Na+ channel. Treatment with Ginsenoside Rg3 reversibly inhibits the inward Na+ peak current (INa) with an IC50 of 32.2±4.5 μM, and the inhibition is voltage-dependent[1]. Ginsenoside Rg3 at 100 μM inhibits the hKv1.4 channel currents by an average of 65%.The Ginsenoside Rg3 effect is concentration-dependent and reversible. The IC50 value and Hill coefficient are 32.6±2.2 μM and 1.59±0.13, respectively[2]. Ginsenoside Rg3 shows the significant inhibition of NF-κB activity thereby reduced COX-2 expression. To examine the cytotoxicity of Ginsenoside Rg3 on IL-1β-induced inflamed A549 cells, the cells are firstly treated with IL-1β (10 ng/mL) for 4 h and treated with 100 to 900 ng/mL concentration of Ginsenoside Rg3 for 12 h. Cell viability is analyzed using an MTT assay. There is no observed cytotoxicity of Ginsenoside Rg3 in IL-1β-induced inflamed A549 cells compared to only PBS-treated cells (Con).To obtain the anti-inflammatory effects of Ginsenoside Rg3 on inflammation induced human lung epithelial cells, A549 cells inflammation is induced by IL-1β (10 ng/mL) and then treated by 5 μM of Dexamethasone (Dex) or 900 nM of Rg3. The NF-κB activation is analyzed by a western blot analysis to evaluate the effect of Ginsenoside Rg3 treatment on A549 cells. Phospho-NF-κB p65/total NF-κB p65 densitometry in the cells treated with Rg3 shows the significant decrease compared to IL-1β-induced inflamed A549 cells. The meaning of reducing the ratio of p-p65/p65 by Rg3 treatment is associated with NF-κB activation. Ginsenoside Rg3 also downregulates the expression of COX-2 effectively[3].
In Vivo	Ginsenoside Rg3 ((20S)-Rg3) is an Aβ-lowering Natural Compound. APP/PS1 mice are treated with Ginsenoside Rg3 once a day for 4 weeks by intraperitoneal injection (10 mg/kg/day). Aβ ELISA analysis of brain tissues reveal that Ginsenoside Rg3 treatment results in a significant reduction of Aβ40 and Aβ42 in the brain[4].
Cell Assay	MTT assays are performed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of Ginsenoside Rg3 on inflamed cells. Ten thousands of A549 cells cultured each well of 96-well plate and are incubated at 37°C and 5% CO2 overnight. After serum starvation using DMEM low glucose without FBS, the medium is changed into RPMI containing IL-1β (10 ng/mL) and the cells are incubated at 37°C and 5% CO2 for 4 h. After 4 h incubation, the cells are treated with Ginsenoside Rg3 (100-900 nM) for 12 h. Thirty microliters of MTT solution (5 mg/mL) is added to each well and the cells are incubated for 2 h. After 2 h incubation in cell culture incubator, the medium containing MTT solution of each well is removed and 50 μL of DMSO is added. Using an automated spectrophotometric plate reader at 570 nm, the optical density of formazan is measured[3].
Animal Admin	Mice[4] The mice used are heterozygous, double transgenic animals expressing both human APP(K670N/M671L) and PS1(M146L) proteins. These Alzheimer disease model mice are age-matched (3 months old) in all experiments with wild-type littermates. Both sets of mice are produced by crossing heterozygous APP mice with heterozygous PS1 mice and are weaned at 3 weeks and genotyped by PCR of digested tail samples. Ginsenoside Rg3 is prepared in a saline solution containing 0.01% DMSO at a concentration of 10 mg/kg of body weight. Ginsenoside Rg3 (or saline with 0.01% DMSO for controls) is administered daily via intraperitoneal injection. After sacrifice, one hemibrain from each mouse is frozen on dry ice, homogenized in sucrose buffer, and extracted via formic acid for Aβ quantification using a commercial sandwich ELISA kit.
References	[1]. Kim JH, et al. A role for the carbohydrate portion of ginsenoside Rg3 in Na⁺ channel inhibition. Mol Cells. 2005 Feb 28;19(1):137-42. [2]. Lee JH, et al. Ginsenoside Rg3 inhibits human Kv1.4 channel currents by interacting with the Lys531 residue. Mol Pharmacol. 2008 Mar;73(3):619-26. [3]. Lee IS, et al. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Ginsenoside Rg3 via NF-κB Pathway in A549 Cells and Human Asthmatic Lung Tissue. J Immunol Res. 2016;2016:7521601. [4]. Kang MS, et al. Modulation of lipid kinase PI4KIIα activity and lipid raft association of presenilin 1 underlies γ-secretase inhibition by ginsenoside (20S)-Rg3. J Biol Chem. 2013 Jul 19;288(29):20868-82.

Density	1.3±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point	885.0±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point	315-318°C
Molecular Formula	C₄₂H₇₂O₁₃
Molecular Weight	785.013
Flash Point	489.0±34.3 °C
Exact Mass	784.497314
PSA	218.99000
LogP	5.27
Vapour Pressure	0.0±0.6 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction	1.594
Storage condition	2-8°C

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: LY9537300

CHEMICAL NAME :: beta-D-Glucopyranoside, (3-beta,12-beta)-12,20-dihydroxydammar-24-en-3-yl 2-O-beta-D- glucopyranosyl-

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 14197-60-5

LAST UPDATED :: 198910

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 1

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C42-H72-O13

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 785.14

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 1250 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: ARZNAD Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. (Editio Cantor Verlag, Postfach 1255, W-7960 Aulendorf, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1- 1951- Volume(issue)/page/year: 25,343,1975

Symbol	GHS07
Signal Word	Warning
Hazard Statements	H302
Hazard Codes	T,N,Xi
Risk Phrases	R23/24/25:Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed . R33:Danger of cumulative effects. R50/53:Very Toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment .
Safety Phrases	S28-S36/37-S45-S60-S61-S28A
RIDADR	UN 3442 6.1/PG 2
WGK Germany	3
RTECS	CX9862655
Packaging Group	II
Hazard Class	6.1
HS Code	29214210