Robenidine hydrochloride

[Description]:

Robenidine hydrochloride is an anticoccidial agent which is also active against MRSA and VRE with MIC50s of 8.1 and 4.7 μM, respectively.

[Related Catalog]:

Signaling Pathways >> Anti-infection >> Bacterial

Signaling Pathways >> Anti-infection >> Parasite

Research Areas >> Infection

[Target]

MIC50: 8.1 μM (MRSA), 4.7 μM (VRE)[1]

[In Vitro]

Robenidine (compound 1) inhibits the growth of MRSA and VRE with MIC values of 8.1 and 4.7 μM, respectively. Robenidine is bactericidal against all of the S. aureus strains tested with MBC/MIC90 ratios ≤2. A profound and negative impact on the MIC values with a 4-fold decrease with Robenidine at 2% serum and no activity at 50% serum is observed[1].

[In Vivo]

The time that the mean plasma concentration exceeds the concentration of 1 µg/mL is approximately 6 h in the Florfenicol (FFC) alone group; however, it is lowered to 4 h by Robenidine (ROB) pretreatment. The terminal elimination half-life (t1/2z), area under the concentration-time curve (AUC), area under the first moment curve (AUMC), and mean residence time (MRT) significantly decreased, whereas the elimination rate constant (λz) and total body clearance (CLz) obviously increased in rabbits pretreated with Robenidine[2].

[Cell Assay]

MRSA clinical isolates are used in this study and the MIC50 for Robenidine (compound 1) is determined using a modified MIC assay. The antimicrobial dilutions of Robenidine are completed in 100% DMSO, with 2 μL added to each well. The assay is performed in a total volume of 200 μL in 96-well plates. Robenidine is tested in final concentrations of 0.7 to 345.3 μM. Plates are incubated for 20 to 24 h at 37°C before determination of the MIC[1].

[Animal admin]

The rabbits are divided into four groups (n=8, each group). The rabbits in the control group are fed anticoccidial-free rations throughout the study. Rabbits in the other group are fed rations containing Robenidine (ROB) (66 ppm) for 20 consecutive days. At the end of the 20th day of feeding, a single dose of Florfenicol (FFC) is injected intravenously at 25 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) into the left auricular vein of each rabbit in all groups. Blood (approximately 1 mL) samples are collected into heparin-coated tubes from the right auricular vein of each rabbit at 5, 10, 15, 30, and 45 min and 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 h after administration of FFC. The plasma is harvested after centrifugation at 3,000 g for 10 min and stored at -20°C until analysis[2].

[References]

[1]. Abraham RJ, et al. Robenidine Analogues as Gram-Positive Antibacterial Agents. J Med Chem. 2016 Mar 10;59(5):2126-38.

[2]. Liu C, et al. Influence of three coccidiostats on the pharmacokinetics of florfenicol in rabbits. Exp Anim. 2015;64(1):73-9.

[Related Small Molecules]

[ Boiling Point ]:
488.1ºC at 760 mmHg

[ Melting Point ]:
252-254°C

[ Molecular Formula ]:
C₁₅H₁₄Cl₃N₅

[ Molecular Weight ]:
370.664

[ Flash Point ]:
249ºC

[ Exact Mass ]:
369.031494

[ PSA ]:
72.63000

[ LogP ]:
5.15890

[ Vapour Pressure ]:
1.12E-09mmHg at 25°C

[ Storage condition ]:
0-6°C

Click to get detail MSDS

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: ME8651000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Guanidine, 1,3-bis((p-chlorobenzylidene)amino)-, monohydrochloride

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 25875-50-7

LAST UPDATED :: 198910

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 2

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C15-H13-Cl2-N5.Cl-H

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 370.69

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 390 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: JAFCAU Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. (American Chemical Soc., Distribution Office Dept. 223, POB 57136, West End Stn., Washington, DC 20037) V.1- 1953- Volume(issue)/page/year: 21,794,1973

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 390 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: JAFCAU Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. (American Chemical Soc., Distribution Office Dept. 223, POB 57136, West End Stn., Washington, DC 20037) V.1- 1953- Volume(issue)/page/year: 23,724,1975

[ Symbol ]:

GHS07

[ Signal Word ]:
Warning

[ Hazard Statements ]:
H302

[ Personal Protective Equipment ]:
dust mask type N95 (US);Eyeshields;Faceshields;Gloves

[ Hazard Codes ]:
Xn:Harmful

[ Risk Phrases ]:
R22

[ RIDADR ]:
NONH for all modes of transport

[ RTECS ]:
ME8651000

Effect of subcutaneously administered diclazuril on the output of Eimeria species oocysts by experimentally infected rabbits.

Vet. Rec. 162(5) , 153-5, (2008)

The effect of subcutaneously injected diclazuril on the output of Eimeria species oocysts was studied in experimentally infected rabbits. Diclazuril was administered either prophylactically at 0.5, 1 ...

Use of antigen mimics to produce specific antibodies to anti-coccidial drugs.

J. Immunol. Methods 323(1) , 31-8, (2007)

A range of polyclonal antibodies was successfully produced to the coccidiostatic drugs diclazuril and robenidine. Initial attempts to make immunogenic complexes of both drugs were ineffective due to d...

Sensitivity of field isolates of Eimeria tenella to anticoccidial drugs in the chicken.

Res. Vet. Sci. 47(1) , 125-8, (1989)

Thirty isolates of Eimeria tenella obtained from broiler and breeder farms were examined for their sensitivity to anticoccidial drugs. All were sensitive to robenidine, 28 were sensitive to methyl ben...

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