HC Toxin
HC Toxin structure
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Common Name | HC Toxin | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CAS Number | 83209-65-8 | Molecular Weight | 436.50 | |
| Density | 1.3±0.1 g/cm3 | Boiling Point | 819.2±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg | |
| Molecular Formula | C21H32N4O6 | Melting Point | N/A | |
| MSDS | Chinese USA | Flash Point | 449.2±34.3 °C | |
| Symbol |
GHS06 |
Signal Word | Danger | |
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Expression of 15-lipoxygenase-1 is regulated by histone acetylation in human colorectal carcinoma.
Carcinogenesis 22(1) , 187-91, (2001) 15-Lipoxygenase-1 (15-LO-1) is expressed at higher levels in human colorectal tumors compared with normal tissue. 15-LO-1 is expressed in cultured human colorectal cells, but only after treatment with sodium butyrate (NaBT), which also stimulates apoptosis an... |
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A putative branched-chain-amino-acid transaminase gene required for HC-toxin biosynthesis and pathogenicity in Cochliobolus carbonum.
Microbiology 145 ( Pt 12) , 3539-46, (1999) The cyclic tetrapeptide HC-toxin is required for pathogenicity of the filamentous fungus Cochliobolus carbonum on maize. HC-toxin production is controlled by a complex locus, TOX2. The isolation and characterization of a new gene of the TOX2 locus, TOXF, is r... |
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Regulation of cyclic peptide biosynthesis in a plant pathogenic fungus by a novel transcription factor.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 98(24) , 14174-9, (2001) Strains of the filamentous fungus Cochliobolus carbonum that produce the host-selective compound HC-toxin, a cyclic tetrapeptide, are highly virulent on certain genotypes of maize (Zea mays L.). Production of HC-toxin is under the control of a complex locus, ... |
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An extended physical map of the TOX2 locus of Cochliobolus carbonum required for biosynthesis of HC-toxin.
Fungal Genet. Biol. 35(1) , 31-8, (2002) In genetic crosses, HC-toxin production in the filamentous fungus Cochliobolus carbonum appears to be controlled by a single locus, TOX2. At the molecular level, TOX2 is composed of at least seven duplicated and coregulated genes involved in HC-toxin biosynth... |
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Reduced virulence caused by meiotic instability of the TOX2 chromosome of the maize pathogen Cochliobolus carbonum.
Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 13(1) , 80-7, (2000) The mechanisms by which pathogenic fungi evolve are poorly understood. Production of the host-selective cyclic peptide HC-toxin is controlled by a complex locus, TOX2, in the plant pathogen Cochliobolus carbonum. Crosses between toxin-producing (Tox2+) and to... |
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Anti-neuroblastoma activity of Helminthosporium carbonum (HC)-toxin is superior to that of other differentiating compounds in vitro.
Cancer Lett. 264(1) , 21-8, (2008) Treatment of high-risk neuroblastoma (NB) is difficult. Novel therapeutics improving survival rates are urgently required. We have previously shown that the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACI) Helminthosporium carbonum (HC)-toxin induces differentiation of ... |
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Virulence gene expression during conidial germination in Cochliobolus carbonum.
Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 8(3) , 476-9, (1995) The fungal pathogen Cochliobolus carbonum race 1 produces a host-selective toxin (HC-toxin) that is responsible for increased virulence on susceptible genotypes of maize. The toxin is synthesized by a peptide synthetase, which is a product of the HTS1 gene. B... |
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13C labeling indicates that the epoxide-containing amino acid of HC-toxin is biosynthesized by head-to-tail condensation of acetate.
J. Nat. Prod. 62(1) , 143-5, (1999) HC-toxin, cyclo(D-Pro-L-Ala-D-Ala-L-Aeo), where Aeo stands for 2-amino-9,10-epoxi-8-oxodecanoic acid, is a potent inhibitor of histone deacetylase. Previous molecular genetic studies indicated that HC-toxin biosynthesis requires a dedicated fatty acid synthas... |
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Acetylation of the Entamoeba histone H4 N-terminal domain is influenced by short-chain fatty acids that enter trophozoites in a pH-dependent manner.
Int. J. Parasitol. 38(1) , 57-64, (2008) Treatment of higher eukaryotic cells with short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) such as butyrate causes decreased levels of histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity and hyperacetylation of histones, and thereby affects gene expression, cell growth and differentiation. En... |
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Identification of peptide synthetase-encoding genes from filamentous fungi producing host-selective phytotoxins or analogs.
Gene 165(2) , 207-11, (1995) Race 1 of Cochliobolus carbonum (Cc) makes a cyclic tetrapeptide, HC-toxin, that is necessary for its virulence on certain genotypes of maize. The synthesis of HC-toxin is catalyzed by a 570-kDa multifunctional enzyme, HC-toxin synthetase (HTS). The gene enco... |