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褪黑素

褪黑素用途

Melatonin是一种由松果体制成的激素,可激活褪黑激素受体。 Melatonin在睡眠中起作用并具有重要的抗氧化和抗炎特性。

褪黑素名称

[ CAS 号 ]:
73-31-4

[ 中文名 ]:
褪黑素

[ 英文名 ]:
Melatonine

[中文别名 ]:

[英文别名 ]:

Melatonin
EINECS 200-797-7
N-(2-(5-methoxyindol-3-yl)ethyl)-Acetamide
Melovine
Melatonine
primex
Acetamide, N-[2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-
MLT
N-[2-(5-Methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]acetamide
N-[2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-Acetamide

褪黑素生物活性

[ 描述 ]:

Melatonin是一种由松果体制成的激素,可激活褪黑激素受体。 Melatonin在睡眠中起作用并具有重要的抗氧化和抗炎特性。

[ 相关类别 ]:

信号通路 >> 自噬 >> 自噬

信号通路 >> G 蛋白偶联受体/G 蛋白 >> 褪黑激素受体

信号通路 >> 神经信号通路 >> 褪黑激素受体

信号通路 >> 自噬 >> 自噬

研究领域 >> 神经疾病

天然产物 >> 其他

[ 靶点 ]

Human Endogenous Metabolite

[体内研究]

褪黑激素增加活化的PTEN,RSK-1,mTOR和AMPKα激酶的水平,温和抑制ERK-1/2磷酸化和坏磷酸化,显着抑制S6核糖体蛋白,4E-BP1,GSK-3α和GSK-3β的磷酸化,以及略微增加动物中PRAS40的磷酸化[1]。褪黑激素改善大脑皮质中Aβ1-42诱导的神经毒性和星形胶质细胞活化。褪黑激素还阻断Aβ1-42诱导的Reelin和Dab1表达的减少[2]。褪黑激素治疗和缺乏NLRP3 -/-在小鼠中具有相似的NF-κB和NLRP3信号通路抑制作用。褪黑素治疗和缺乏NLRP3 -/-共享一些时钟基因表达模式,并改善小鼠心肌细胞形态[3]。

[动物实验]

将总共两组体重21-26g的成年雄性C57BL / 6j小鼠随机分配到四组中的一组，并腹膜内（ip）递送（i）载体（50μL等渗盐水/ 5％乙醇），（ ii）褪黑激素（4mg / kg，溶于0.9％等渗盐水/ 5％乙醇），（iii）渥曼青霉素，和（iv）再灌注后立即褪黑激素/渥曼青霉素。在第一组中，将小鼠暴露于局灶性脑缺血（FCI）30分钟和再灌注72小时以评估纹状体中的弥散性缺血性损伤和信号传导途径分析（每组n = 7）。第二组小鼠暴露于90分钟的FCI和24小时再灌注，用于分析梗塞发展，脑肿胀和IgG外渗（每组n = 7）。

[参考文献]

[1]. Kilic U, et al. Particular phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt on Thr308 via PDK-1 and PTEN mediates melatonin's neuroprotective activity after focal cerebral ischemia in mice. Redox Biol. 2017 Apr 5;12:657-665

[2]. Hu C, et al. Neuroprotective effect of melatonin on soluble Aβ1-42-induced cortical neurodegeneration via Reelin-Dab1 signaling pathway. Neurol Res. 2017 Apr 7:1-1

[3]. Rahim I, et al. Melatonin administration to wild-type mice and non-treated NLRP3 mutant mice share similar inhibition of the inflammatory response during sepsis. J Pineal Res. 2017 Mar 31

[相关活性小分子]

褪黑素物理化学性质

[ 密度 ]:
1.2±0.1 g/cm3

[ 沸点 ]:
459.8±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg

[ 熔点 ]:
116.5-118 °C(lit.)

[ 分子式 ]:
C₁₃H₁₆N₂O₂

[ 分子量 ]:
232.278

[ 闪点 ]:
231.9±31.5 °C

[ 精确质量 ]:
232.121185

[ PSA ]:
54.12000

[ LogP ]:
1.94

[ 外观性状 ]:
白色结晶粉末

[ 蒸汽压 ]:
0.0±1.2 mmHg at 25°C

[ 折射率 ]:
1.580

[ 储存条件 ]:
-15°C

褪黑素MSDS

详细MSDS(安全技术说明书)

褪黑素毒性和生态

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: AC5955000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Acetamide, N-(2-(5-methoxyindol-3-yl)ethyl)-

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 73-31-4

BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. :: 0205542

LAST UPDATED :: 199806

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 39

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C13-H16-N2-O2

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 232.31

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: T56 BMJ D2MV1 GO1

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 1375 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 180 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 15 mg/kg/2W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Blood - pigmented or nucleated red blood cells Blood - changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count Blood - changes in leukocyte (WBC) count

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 4200 mg/kg/20W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Blood - leukemia Blood - lymphoma, including Hodgkin's disease

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 27 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 1 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - other measures of fertility

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

DOSE :: 2800 ug/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 28 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Maternal Effects - menstrual cycle changes or disorders

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

DOSE :: 140 ug/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 28 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Maternal Effects - ovaries, fallopian tubes

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

DOSE :: 7500 ug/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 1 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - other measures of fertility

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

DOSE :: 900 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: male 30 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - mating performance (e.g. # sperm positive females per # females mated; # copulations per # estrus cycles) Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

DOSE :: 1400 ug/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 28 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Maternal Effects - menstrual cycle changes or disorders

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

DOSE :: 140 ug/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 28 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Maternal Effects - ovaries, fallopian tubes

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

DOSE :: 80 ug/kg

SEX/DURATION :: male 20 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Paternal Effects - prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

DOSE :: 500 ug/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 1 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - other measures of fertility

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

DOSE :: 500 ug/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 1 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - other measures of fertility

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Ocular

DOSE :: 375 ug/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 1 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - other measures of fertility

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Ocular

DOSE :: 50 ug/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 1 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Maternal Effects - ovaries, fallopian tubes

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Parenteral

DOSE :: 36 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: male 30 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, sperm duct Reproductive - Paternal Effects - prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

DOSE :: 4 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 19 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Maternal Effects - menstrual cycle changes or disorders

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

DOSE :: 560 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 70 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Maternal Effects - other effects Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - endocrine system

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Parenteral

DOSE :: 14 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: male 70 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, sperm duct

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Parenteral

DOSE :: 70 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: male 70 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Paternal Effects - prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Unreported

DOSE :: 5600 ug/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 14 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Maternal Effects - menstrual cycle changes or disorders

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

DOSE :: 7500 ug/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 1 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - other measures of fertility

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

DOSE :: 12 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: male 60 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, sperm duct Reproductive - Paternal Effects - prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands Reproductive - Paternal Effects - other effects on male

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

DOSE :: 1260 ug/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 9 week(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Maternal Effects - ovaries, fallopian tubes Reproductive - Maternal Effects - uterus, cervix, vagina

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

DOSE :: 9800 ug/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 49 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Maternal Effects - menstrual cycle changes or disorders

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

DOSE :: 7 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: male 35 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, sperm duct

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Parenteral

DOSE :: 21 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: male 15 week(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, sperm duct Reproductive - Paternal Effects - prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Parenteral

DOSE :: 14 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 10 week(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Maternal Effects - uterus, cervix, vagina Reproductive - Maternal Effects - other effects

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Implant

DOSE :: 12480 ug/kg

SEX/DURATION :: male 60 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, sperm duct Reproductive - Paternal Effects - prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Implant

DOSE :: 4032 ug/kg

SEX/DURATION :: male 42 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 1700 ug/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 51 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Maternal Effects - menstrual cycle changes or disorders

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 1429 ug/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 30 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Maternal Effects - menstrual cycle changes or disorders Reproductive - Maternal Effects - other effects

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

DOSE :: 1200 ug/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 40 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Maternal Effects - menstrual cycle changes or disorders

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Implant

DOSE :: 16 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 17 week(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - endocrine system

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravaginal

DOSE :: 4600 ug/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 1 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Maternal Effects - other effects

MUTATION DATA

TEST SYSTEM :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 7 mg/kg/8W (Intermittent)

REFERENCE :: CYTBAI Cytobios. (Faculty Press, 88 Regent St., Cambridge, UK) V.1- 1969- Volume(issue)/page/year: 65,115,1991

褪黑素安全信息

[ 符号 ]:

GHS02, GHS06, GHS08

[ 信号词 ]:
Danger

[ 危害声明 ]:
H225-H301 + H311 + H331-H370

[ 警示性声明 ]:
P210-P260-P280-P301 + P310-P311

[ 个人防护装备 ]:
Eyeshields;Gloves;type N95 (US);type P1 (EN143) respirator filter

[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
T

[ 风险声明 (欧洲) ]:
R60

[ 安全声明 (欧洲) ]:
S24/25

[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
NONH for all modes of transport

[ WGK德国 ]:
2

[ RTECS号 ]:
AC5955000

[ 海关编码 ]:
2932999099

褪黑素合成路线

详细合成路线

褪黑素上下游产品

褪黑素上游产品

褪黑素下游产品

褪黑素制备

1.褪黑激素存在于哺乳动物大脑的松果体中，一般方法将牛的大脑松果体冷冻干燥，研成粉末，用石油醚脱除脂肪，与去离子水混合均匀成浆状，进行离心分离后，取上层清液，用等体积的乙酸乙酯抽提，抽提液经真空干燥后得白色褪黑激素粗品，再进行重结晶后得精品。

褪黑素海关

[ 海关编码 ]: 2933990090

[ 中文概述 ]:
2933990090. 其他仅含氮杂原子的杂环化合物. 增值税率:17.0%. 退税率:13.0%. 监管条件:无. 最惠国关税:6.5%. 普通关税:20.0%

[ 申报要素 ]: 品名, 成分含量, 用途, 乌洛托品请注明外观, 6－己内酰胺请注明外观, 签约日期

[ Summary ]:
2933990090. heterocyclic compounds with nitrogen hetero-atom(s) only. VAT:17.0%. Tax rebate rate:13.0%. . MFN tariff:6.5%. General tariff:20.0%

褪黑素文献

Cranberry flavonoids prevent toxic rat liver mitochondrial damage in vivo and scavenge free radicals in vitro.

Cell Biochem. Funct. 33 , 202-10, (2015)

The present study was undertaken for further elucidation of the mechanisms of flavonoid biological activity, focusing on the antioxidative and protective effects of cranberry flavonoids in free radica...

Oxidative damage of rat liver mitochondria during exposure to t-butyl hydroperoxide. Role of Ca²⁺ ions in oxidative processes.

Life Sci. 92(23) , 1110-7, (2013)

The present study was designed for further evaluation of the biochemical mechanism of hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction under oxidative damages induced by organic hydroperoxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxi...

Development of Man-rGO for Targeted Eradication of Macrophage Ablation.

Mol. Pharm. 12 , 3226-36, (2015)

This study was aimed to develop and evaluate a smart nanosystem that targeted photothermal ablation of inflammatory macrophages in atherosclerotic plaque. Mannosylated-reduced graphene oxide (Man-rGO)...

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褪黑素