对苯二酚_MSDS_作用_用途_对苯二酚CAS号【123-31-9】

【用途一】
用作显像剂及染料、药物原料
【用途二】
用作分析试剂，铜、金的还原剂和显影剂
【用途三】
对苯二酚是除草剂喹禾灵、吡氟禾草灵、噻唑禾草灵、噁唑禾草灵、氟吡氯禾灵、乳氟禾草灵的中间体，也是医药和染料中间体。
【用途四】
对苯二酚主要用作照相的显影剂。对苯二酚及其烷基化物广泛用于单体贮运过程添加的阻聚剂，常用的浓度约为200ppm。对苯二酚一甲醚是食用油抗氧剂BHA的中间体；对苯二酚二甲醚是染料、有机颜料和香料的中间体；对苯二酚二乙醚是感光色素、染料的中间体。对苯二酚还用于制取N，N'-二苯基对苯二胺，是用于橡胶及汽油的抗氧剂和抗臭剂。
【用途五】
比色法测定磷、镁、铌、铜、硅和砷等。铱的极谱法和容量法测定。杂多酸的还原剂，铜和金的还原剂。检验磷酸盐、钨酸盐、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、硒和碲等。
【用途六】
制取黑白显影剂、蒽醌染料、偶氮染料、橡胶防老剂、稳定剂和抗氧剂。用于ICP-AES、AAS、AFS、ICP-MS、离子色谱等。滴定分析用标准溶液。

用作显像剂及染料、药物原料
用作分析试剂，铜、金的还原剂和显影剂
对苯二酚是除草剂喹禾灵、吡氟禾草灵、噻唑禾草灵、噁唑禾草灵、氟吡氯禾灵、乳氟禾草灵的中间体，也是医药和染料中间体。
对苯二酚主要用作照相的显影剂。对苯二酚及其烷基化物广泛用于单体贮运过程添加的阻聚剂，常用的浓度约为200ppm。对苯二酚一甲醚是食用油抗氧剂BHA的中间体；对苯二酚二甲醚是染料、有机颜料和香料的中间体；对苯二酚二乙醚是感光色素、染料的中间体。对苯二酚还用于制取N，N'-二苯基对苯二胺，是用于橡胶及汽油的抗氧剂和抗臭剂。
比色法测定磷、镁、铌、铜、硅和砷等。铱的极谱法和容量法测定。杂多酸的还原剂，铜和金的还原剂。检验磷酸盐、钨酸盐、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、硒和碲等。
制取黑白显影剂、蒽醌染料、偶氮染料、橡胶防老剂、稳定剂和抗氧剂。用于ICP-AES、AAS、AFS、ICP-MS、离子色谱等。滴定分析用标准溶液。

[ 密度 ]:
1.3±0.1 g/cm3

[ 沸点 ]:
286.0±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg

[ 熔点 ]:
172-175 °C(lit.)

[ 分子式 ]:
C₆H₆O₂

[ 分子量 ]:
110.111

[ 闪点 ]:
141.6±14.4 °C

[ 精确质量 ]:
110.036781

[ PSA ]:
40.46000

[ LogP ]:
0.64

[ 外观性状 ]:
灰白色粉末或白色针状晶体

[ 蒸汽密度 ]:
3.81 (vs air)

[ 蒸汽压 ]:
0.0±0.6 mmHg at 25°C

[ 折射率 ]:
1.612

[ 储存条件 ]:
库房通风低温干燥,与氧化剂、食品添加剂分开存放

[ 稳定性 ]:
Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong bases, oxygen, ferric salts. Light and air-sensitive. Discolours in air.

[ 水溶解性 ]:
70 g/L (20 ºC)

详细MSDS(安全技术说明书)

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: MX3500000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Hydroquinone

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 123-31-9

LAST UPDATED :: 199806

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 126

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C6-H6-O2

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 110.12

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: QR DQ

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human

TYPE OF TEST :: Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human

DOSE/DURATION :: 29 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human

DOSE/DURATION :: 170 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - coma Cardiac - pulse rate increase, without fall in BP Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - cyanosis

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 320 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - tremor Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - excitement

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 170 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 300 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 115 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - tremor Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - excitement

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Unreported

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 720 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 245 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 100 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 182 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Unreported

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 150 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :: 200 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - excitement Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :: 100 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :: 80 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - cat

DOSE/DURATION :: 70 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - excitement Gastrointestinal - changes in structure or function of salivary glands

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - cat

DOSE/DURATION :: 50 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - tremor Vascular - regional or general arteriolar or venous dilation Blood - methemoglobinemia-carboxyhemoglobin

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 200 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 125 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 100 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 550 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - tremor Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - excitement

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 200 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 300 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Bird - pigeon

DOSE/DURATION :: 300 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - excitement Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Amphibian - frog

DOSE/DURATION :: 190 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Parenteral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Amphibian - frog

DOSE/DURATION :: 190 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - spastic paralysis with or without sensory change Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Cardiac - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - species unspecified

DOSE/DURATION :: 480 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay) Behavioral - muscle contraction or spasticity Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - species unspecified

DOSE/DURATION :: 5970 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 236 gm/kg/9W-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Gastrointestinal - ulceration or bleeding from stomach Blood - changes in bone marrow (not otherwise specified) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 13 gm/kg/13W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - changes in liver weight Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 6 gm/kg/14D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 10 mg/m3/4H/17W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Blood - normocytic anemia Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Blood - changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 13 gm/kg/13W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - changes in liver weight Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 32500 mg/kg/65W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Brain and Coverings - changes in brain weight Liver - changes in liver weight Blood - changes in cell count (unspecified)

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 3 gm/kg/14D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - cat

DOSE/DURATION :: 220 mg/kg/14D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - ataxia Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - other changes Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 25750 mg/kg/2Y-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - Kidney tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 25750 mg/kg/2Y-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 256 gm/kg/2Y-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - Kidney tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 349 gm/kg/2Y-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - Kidney tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 699 gm/kg/2Y-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 26 gm/kg/2Y-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 2500 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 1-22 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 667 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 11 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 1 gm/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 11 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - litter size (e.g. # fetuses per litter; measured before birth)

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

DOSE :: 5 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 1 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Maternal Effects - ovaries, fallopian tubes

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

DOSE :: 550 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 11 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Maternal Effects - menstrual cycle changes or disorders

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

DOSE :: 5100 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: male 51 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, sperm duct Reproductive - Paternal Effects - prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands Reproductive - Fertility - male fertility index (e.g. # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females)

TYPE OF TEST :: Unscheduled DNA synthesis

TYPE OF TEST :: Micronucleus test

TYPE OF TEST :: Micronucleus test

TYPE OF TEST :: Micronucleus test

TYPE OF TEST :: Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified

TYPE OF TEST :: Cytogenetic analysis

TYPE OF TEST :: Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified

TEST SYSTEM :: Rodent - rabbit Bone marrow

REFERENCE :: CBINA8 Chemico-Biological Interactions. (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 1969- Volume(issue)/page/year: 50,203,1984 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-Animal carcinogen DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-TWA 2 mg/m3 DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 IARC Cancer Review:Animal Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 15,155,1977 IARC Cancer Review:Human No Adequate Data IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 15,155,1977 IARC Cancer Review:Group 3 IMSUDL IARC Monographs, Supplement. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) No.1- 1979- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,56,1987 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW AEHLAU Archives of Environmental Health. (Heldref Pub., 4000 Albemarle St., NW, Washington, DC 20016) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 23,6,1971 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 47,75,1978 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 2 mg/m3 DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,133,1971 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 2 mg/m3 CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 2 mg/m3 CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 2 mg/m3 CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 2 mg/m3 CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 2 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 2 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:STEL 2 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:TWA 2 mg/m3;STEL 4 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 2 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY:TWA 2 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 2 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 2 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-POLAND:TWA 2 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 0.5 mg/m3;STEL 1.5 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 2 mg/m3;STEL 4 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-TURKEY:TWA 2 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 2 mg/m3;STEL 4 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO HYDROQUINONE-air:CL 2 mg/m3/15M REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - M0747 No. of Facilities: 24380 (estimated) No. of Industries: 143 No. of Occupations: 88 No. of Employees: 116192 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - M0747 No. of Facilities: 40917 (estimated) No. of Industries: 177 No. of Occupations: 136 No. of Employees: 442749 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 144063 (estimated)

[ 符号 ]:

GHS05, GHS07, GHS08, GHS09

[ 信号词 ]:
Danger

[ 危害声明 ]:
H302-H317-H318-H341-H351-H410

[ 警示性声明 ]:
P273-P280-P305 + P351 + P338-P501

[ 个人防护装备 ]:
Eyeshields;Faceshields;full-face particle respirator type N100 (US);Gloves;respirator cartridge type N100 (US);type P1 (EN143) respirator filter;type P3 (EN 143) respirator cartridges

[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
Xn:Harmful

[ 风险声明 (欧洲) ]:
R22;R40;R41;R43;R50;R68

[ 安全声明 (欧洲) ]:
S26-S36/37/39-S61

[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
2662

[ WGK德国 ]:
3

[ RTECS号 ]:
MX3500000

[ 包装等级 ]:
III

[ 危险类别 ]:
9

[ 海关编码 ]:
2907221000

详细合成路线

对苯二酚上游产品

对苯二酚下游产品

1.将苯胺、二氧化锰和硫酸按摩尔比为1∶3∶4加入反应釜内，加料时应在夹套中通冷冻水控制温度在10℃以下。搅拌下反应10h，反应温度逐渐升至25℃左右，生成苯醌。然后在反应物内通入水蒸气进行水蒸气蒸馏，蒸出的苯醌与水蒸气经部分冷凝后流入还原釜，再加入与苯醌的摩尔比为1∶0.7的铁粉，加热至90～100℃，搅拌下反应3～4h，还原反应的产物为对苯二酚。还原产物经过滤除去氧化铁渣后，进行减压脱水浓缩。然后加入焦亚硫酸钠、活性炭、锌粉，加热至沸腾进行脱色。趁热过滤后，滤液缓缓降温至30℃以下，对苯二酚以针状结晶析出，经离心脱水后，加入沸腾床于80℃下进行干燥，即得成品。

2.苯酚羟基化法　采用过氧化氢作羟基化剂，反应在催化量的无机强酸或二价铁盐或钴盐存在下进行。总反应式为：

3.二异丙苯氧化法　利用过氧化物进行氧化反应，制得氢醌。其反应式如下：

4.照相级氢醌的制法　是用活性炭对溶解于无盐水中而形成的氢醌溶液进行脱色处理，然后于5～10℃下重新结晶，经离心分离后置于非氧化气氛中干燥制成。

[ 海关编码 ]: 2907221000

[ 中文概述 ]:
2907221000 对苯二酚。监管条件:无。增值税率:17.0%。退税率:9.0%。最低关税:5.5%。普通关税:30.0%

[ 申报要素 ]: 品名, 成分含量, 用途

[ Summary ]:
2907221000 hydroquinone。Supervision conditions:None。VAT:17.0%。Tax rebate rate:9.0%。Lowest tariff:5.5%。General tariff:30.0%

Retinal pigment epithelial cell death by the alternative complement cascade: role of membrane regulatory proteins, calcium, PKC, and oxidative stress.

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 55(5) , 3012-21, (2014)

Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell death is an important feature of the advanced forms of AMD. Complement alternative pathway (AP) activation is associated with RPE cell death in AMD. In this study...

Effect of different aging techniques on the polysaccharide and phenolic composition and sensory characteristics of Syrah red wines fermented using different yeast strains.

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The effect of high levels of the polysaccharide Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain (HPS) and another conventional yeast strain (FERM) on the polysaccharide and phenolic composition of Syrah red win...

Shiga toxin stimulates clathrin-independent endocytosis of the VAMP2, VAMP3 and VAMP8 SNARE proteins.

J. Cell Sci. 128 , 2891-902, (2015)

Endocytosis is an essential cellular process that is often hijacked by pathogens and pathogenic products. Endocytic processes can be classified into two broad categories, those that are dependent on c...

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公司名：南通润丰石油化工有限公司

区域：南通市崇川区

价格：
￥需询单/1kg ￥需询单/25kg ￥需询单/200kg

联系人：曹经理

产品详情：对苯二酚

公司名：云南西力生物技术股份有限公司

区域：昆明市盘龙区

价格：
￥需询单/50mg

联系人：郑雪平

产品详情：对苯二酚

公司名：上海吉至生化科技有限公司

区域：上海市奉贤区

价格：
￥168.0/500g

联系人：刘佳

产品详情：对苯二酚

公司名：上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司

区域：上海市浦东新区

价格：
￥79.0/5g ￥需询单/1g ￥需询单/1g ￥需询单/1g

联系人：阿拉丁李高志

产品详情：对苯二酚

公司名：济南创世化工有限公司

区域：济南市天桥区

价格：
￥需询单/25kg

联系人：严玲玲

产品详情：对苯二酚

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