Chitosan

[Description]:

Chitosan is a natural polycationic linear polysaccharide derived from chitin.

[Related Catalog]:

Signaling Pathways >> Anti-infection >> Bacterial

Research Areas >> Cancer

Natural Products >> Saccharides and Glycosides

[In Vitro]

Chitosans are recognized as versatile biomaterials because of their non-toxicity, low allergenicity, biocompatibility and biodegradability. Chitosan is reported to have other biological properties, such as antitumor, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities. It can be used in water treatment, wound-healing materials, pharmaceutical excipient or drug carrier, obesity treatment and as a scaffold for tissue engineering[1]. Antimicrobial activity of chitosan has been demonstrated against many bacteria, filamentous fungi and yeasts. Chitosan has wide spectrum of activity and high killing rate against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, but lower toxicity toward mammalian cells[2]. Chitosan exhibits antitumor activity against different types of cancer. For example, chitosan decreases adhesion of primary melanoma A375 cell line and decreases proliferation of primary melanoma SKMEL28 cell line, it has potent pro-apoptotic effects against RPMI7951, a metastatic melanoma cell line[3]. Chitosan and its derivatives act as antioxidants by scavenging oxygen radicals such as hydroxyl, superoxide, alkyl as well as highly stable DPPH radicals in vitro[4].

[In Vivo]

Chitosan treatment dramatically increases lifespan and inhibits tumor metastasis especially in treatment groups of the low-molecular weight compound[5]. Chitosan has some apparent treatment effects on rat PCP by reducing HSP70 mRNA expression and lung inflammation, increasing the concentrations of IL-10 and IFN-γ as well as CD4(+) T-lymphocyte numbers, reducing the CD8(+) T-lymphocyte numbers and the concentration of TNF-α and inducing significant ultrastructural damage to P. carinii[6].

[References]

[1]. Cheung RC, et al. Chitosan: An Update on Potential Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Applications. Mar Drugs. 2015 Aug 14;13(8):5156-86.

[2]. Kong M, et al. Antimicrobial properties of chitosan and mode of action: a state of the art review. Int J Food Microbiol. 2010 Nov 15;144(1):51-63.

[3]. Gibot L, et al. Anticancer properties of chitosan on human melanoma are cell line dependent.Int J Biol Macromol. 2015 Jan;72:370-9.

[4]. Younes I, et al. Chitin and chitosan preparation from marine sources. Structure, properties and applications. Mar Drugs. 2015 Mar 2;13(3):1133-74.

[5]. Yeh MY, et al. Effects of chitosan on xenograft models of melanoma in C57BL/6 mice and hepatoma formation in SCID mice. Anticancer Res. 2013 Nov;33(11):4867-73.

[6]. Liu AB, et al. Therapeutic efficacies of chitosan against Pneumocystis pneumonia of immunosuppressed rat. Parasite Immunol. 2014 Jul;36(7):292-302

[Related Small Molecules]

[ Density]:
1.75g/cm3

[ Melting Point ]:
88ºC

[ Molecular Formula ]:
(C₆H₁₃NO₅)n

[ Molecular Weight ]:
161.16 (monomer)

[ Index of Refraction ]:
1.7

[ Storage condition ]:
room temp

[ Stability ]:
Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

[ Water Solubility ]:
dilute aqueous acid (pH <6.5).: soluble

Click to get detail MSDS

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: FM6300000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Chitosan

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 9012-76-4

LAST UPDATED :: 199701

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 957 gm/kg/58D-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in bladder weight Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

REFERENCE :: BECTA6 Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ 07094) V.1- 1966- Volume(issue)/page/year: 15,555,1976

[ Personal Protective Equipment ]:
Eyeshields;Gloves;type N95 (US);type P1 (EN143) respirator filter

[ Hazard Codes ]:
Xn

[ Risk Phrases ]:
20/21/22-36/37/38

[ Safety Phrases ]:
S24/25

[ RIDADR ]:
NONH for all modes of transport

[ WGK Germany ]:
-

[ RTECS ]:
FM6300000

[ HS Code ]:
2932999099

Click to get detail synthetic route

Precursor

DownStream

[ HS Code ]: 2932999099

[ Summary ]:
2932999099. other heterocyclic compounds with oxygen hetero-atom(s) only. VAT:17.0%. Tax rebate rate:13.0%. . MFN tariff:6.5%. General tariff:20.0%

Chitosan oligosaccharides prevented retinal ischemia and reperfusion injury via reduced oxidative stress and inflammation in rats.

Exp. Eye Res. 130 , 38-50, (2015)

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of chitosan oligonucleotides (COS) on retinal ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury. Rats pretreated with PBS, l...

Cell–scaffold interaction within engineered tissue

Exp. Cell Res. 323(2) , 346-51, (2014)

The structure of a tissue engineering scaffold plays an important role in modulating tissue growth. A novel gelatin–chitosan (Gel–Cs) scaffold with a unique structure produced by three-dimensional pri...

Structural insights into the substrate-binding mechanism for a novel chitosanase.

Biochem. J. 461(2) , 335-45, (2014)

Chitosanase is able to specifically cleave β-1,4-glycosidic bond linkages in chitosan to produce a chito-oligomer product, which has found a variety of applications in many areas, including functional...

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Biological Activity

Chemical & Physical Properties

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CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

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Precursor & DownStream

Precursor

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