Tetracycline hydrochloride

Tetracycline hydrochloride is a broad-spectrum antibiotic used to treat a wide range of infections.

Signaling Pathways >> Anti-infection >> Bacterial

Research Areas >> Infection

Tetracyclines are broad-spectrum agents, exhibiting activity against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, atypical organisms such as chlamydiae, mycoplasmas, and rickettsiae, and protozoan parasites. Tetracyclines inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by preventing the association of aminoacyl-tRNA with the bacterial ribosome. Tetracyclines traverse the outer membrane of gram-negative enteric bacteria through the OmpF and OmpC porin channels, as positively charged cation (probably magnesium)-tetracycline coordination complexes [1].

The tetracyclines have applications for the treatment of infections in poultry, cattle, sheep, and swine. In some cases, e.g., for therapeutic treatment of large numbers of poultry reared on commercial farms, the antibiotics are added directly to feed or water or can be administered in aerosols. Tetracyclines could be used as growth promotion or growth enhancement. Tetracyclines are used in aquaculture to control infections in salmon, catfish, and lobsters[2].

[1]. Chopra I, et al.Tetracycline antibiotics: mode of action, applications, molecular biology, and epidemiology ofbacterial resistance.Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2001 Jun;65(2):232-60

Puromycin 2HCl | Geneticin | Tunicamycin | Hygromycin B | Salinomycin | Avibactam sodium | Neomycin sulfate | Vaborbactam | Methicillin SodiuM | Rifampicin | Metronidazole | Carbenicillin disodium | Ceftazidime | Eravacycline dihydrochloride | cefotaxime sodium

MOLECULAR FORMULA :

C22-H24-N2-O8.Cl-H

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :

480.94

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :

L E6 C666 BV FV CU GUTTT&J DQ EQ GVZ HQ IN1&1 MQ M1 RQ &GH

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - man

DOSE/DURATION :

200 mg/kg/7D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Sense Organs and Special Senses (Taste) - change in function

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

6443 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

318 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

700 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

128 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

2759 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

368 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

157 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Unreported

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

105 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intramuscular

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

210 mg/kg/7D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in bladder weight Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - phosphatases

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :

1287 mg/kg/30D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Blood - pigmented or nucleated red blood cells Blood - changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intramuscular

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :

500 mg/kg/20D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Blood - other changes Biochemical - Metabolism (Intermediary) - other proteins

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

14 gm/kg

SEX/DURATION :

male 3 day(s) pre-mating female 3 day(s) pre-mating - 22 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - urogenital system

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

6 gm/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 9-14 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

DOSE :

425 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 14-18 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Fertility - abortion Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - extra-embryonic structures (e.g., placenta, umbilical cord)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

DOSE :

240 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 16-20 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - other effects to embryo

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intramuscular

DOSE :

240 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 10-15 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Unreported

DOSE :

450 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 7-15 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Unreported

DOSE :

765 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 7-15 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Fertility - abortion

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intrauterine

DOSE :

100 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 1 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Maternal Effects - uterus, cervix, vagina

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

DOSE :

900 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 8-13 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

DOSE :

600 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 8-13 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

DOSE :

150 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 10 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

DOSE :

2250 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 10-18 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - urogenital system Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive) Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

DOSE :

750 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 1-6 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Fertility - abortion

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Parenteral

DOSE :

2250 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 10-18 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

9 gm/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 8-16 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

Sister chromatid exchange

TEST SYSTEM :

Rodent - hamster Embryo

DOSE/DURATION :

3 mg/L

REFERENCE :

SHIGAZ Shigaku. Ondotology. (Nippon Shika Daigaku Shigakkai, 1-9-20 Fujimi, Chiyodaku, Tokyo 102, Japan) V.38- 1949- Volume(issue)/page/year: 74,1385,1987 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 83550 No. of Facilities: 474 (estimated) No. of Industries: 2 No. of Occupations: 2 No. of Employees: 1795 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 83550 No. of Facilities: 680 (estimated) No. of Industries: 4 No. of Occupations: 15 No. of Employees: 22901 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 17276 (estimated)