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Propranolol hydrochloride

Names

[ CAS No. ]:
318-98-9

[ Name ]:
Propranolol hydrochloride

[Synonym ]:
Propranolol hydrochloride
oposim
inderal
kemi
frekven
inderex
2-Propanol, 1-[(1-methylethyl)amino]-3-(1-naphthalenyloxy)-, hydrochloride (1:2)
MFCD00012558
1-(Isopropylamino)-3-(1-naphthyloxy)-2-propanol dihydrochloride
DL-Propranolol hydrochloride
Propranolol (hydrochloride)
Propranolol hyd
EINECS 206-268-7
Propranolol HCl
Propranolol
Inderal hydrochloride
inderol
deralin
tesnol
dociton

Biological Activity

[Description]:

Propranolol hydrochloride is a nonselective β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) antagonist with an IC50 of 12 nM.

[Related Catalog]:

Signaling Pathways >> GPCR/G Protein >> Adrenergic Receptor
Signaling Pathways >> Autophagy >> Autophagy
Research Areas >> Neurological Disease

[Target]

IC50: 12 nM (βAR)[1]


[In Vitro]

In cultured endothelial or tumor cells, propranolol has been shown to both reduce cAMP levels and simultaneously activate the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway downstream of βAR inhibition[2]. It displays high affinity for 5-HT1B receptors (Ki= 17 nM), and milder affinity for 5HT1D receptors (Ki= 10.2 μM)[3].

[In Vivo]

Chronic administration of propranolol increased the beta(1)-adrenoceptors but decreased the beta(2)-adrenoceptors without changing total amount of plasma membrane beta-adrenoceptors[4].

[Animal admin]

Male Wistar rats weighing 250–300 g are used in the study. Propranolol is dissolved with tap water, and given ad lib. The daily consumption of propranolol is estimated to be 40 mg/kg based on a mean intake of 35 mL/day of water for a 250 g rat. The treatment period of β-adrenoceptor antagonists is changed from 1 to 3 or 6 weeks and the effects are examined[4].

[References]

[1]. Briley M, et al. Evidence?against?beta-adrenoceptor?blocking?activity?of?diltiazem, a?drug?with?calcium?antagonistproperties. Br J Pharmacol.?1980 Aug;69(4):669-73.

[2]. Munabi NC, et al. Propranolol Targets Hemangioma Stem Cells via cAMP and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Regulation. Stem Cells Transl Med. 2016 Jan;5(1):45-55.

[3]. Glennon RA, et al. The binding of propranolol at 5-hydroxytryptamine1D beta T355N mutant receptors may involve formation of two hydrogen bonds to asparagine. Mol Pharmacol. 1996 Jan;49(1):198-206.

[4]. Horinouchi T, et al. Different changes of plasma membrane beta-adrenoceptors in rat heart after chronic administrationof propranolol, atenolol and bevantolol. Life Sci. 2007 Jul 12;81(5):399-404. Epub 2007 Jun 16.


[Related Small Molecules]

Isoprenaline hydrochloride | ICI 118,551 (hydrochloride) | Phenylephrine hydrochloride | Yohimbine hydrochloride | Adrenaline | Ivabradine hydrochloride | Prazosin hydrochloride | Clenbuterol hydrochloride | Phentolamine mesilate | guanfacine hydrochloride | pimozide | Sotalol hydrochloride | Carvedilol | Atenolol | Metroprolol succinate

Chemical & Physical Properties

[ Boiling Point ]:
434.9ºC at 760mmHg

[ Melting Point ]:
163-165 °C(lit.)

[ Molecular Formula ]:
C16H22ClNO2

[ Molecular Weight ]:
332.265

[ Flash Point ]:
216.8ºC

[ Exact Mass ]:
331.110596

[ PSA ]:
41.49000

[ LogP ]:
3.77040

[ Storage condition ]:
2-8°C

[ Water Solubility ]:
SOLUBLE

MSDS

Toxicological Information

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :
UB7525000
CHEMICAL NAME :
2-Propanol, 1-(isopropylamino)-3-(1-naphthyloxy)-, hydrochloride
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
318-98-9
LAST UPDATED :
199706
DATA ITEMS CITED :
29
MOLECULAR FORMULA :
C16-H21-N-O2.Cl-H
MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
295.84
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :
L66J BO1YQ1MY1&1 &GH

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - woman
DOSE/DURATION :
8400 ug/kg/7D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - sensory change involving peripheral nerve Behavioral - hallucinations, distorted perceptions Behavioral - toxic psychosis
REFERENCE :
CTOXAO Clinical Toxicology. (New York, NY) V.1-18, 1968-81. For publisher information, see JTCTDW. Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,357,1971
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - woman
DOSE/DURATION :
160 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - coma Cardiac - other changes
REFERENCE :
AEMED3 Annals of Emergency Medicine. (American College of Emergency Physicians, 1125 Executive Circle, Irving, TX 75038) Volume(issue)/page/year: 16,1381,1987
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - man
DOSE/DURATION :
4 mg/kg/1W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - acute pulmonary edema Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - cough Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea
REFERENCE :
DICPBB Drug Intelligence and Clinical Pharmacy. (POB 42435, Cincinnati, OH 45242) V.3- 1969- Volume(issue)/page/year: 16,776,1982
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - man
DOSE/DURATION :
857 ug/kg/3D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Skin and Appendages - dermatitis, other (after systemic exposure)
REFERENCE :
ARDEAC Archives of Dermatology. (AMA, 535 N. Dearborn St., Chicago, IL 60610) V.82- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 121,1326,1985
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - man
DOSE/DURATION :
43 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - hallucinations, distorted perceptions Vascular - BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - cyanosis
REFERENCE :
SAMJAF South African Medical Journal. (Medical Assoc. of South Africa, Secy., P.O. Box 643, Cape Town, S. Africa) V.6- 1932- Volume(issue)/page/year: 67,1062,1985
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - man
DOSE/DURATION :
417 mg/kg/1Y-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - bronchiolar constriction
REFERENCE :
PRACAK Practitioner. (Morgan-Grampian Ltd., 40 Beresford St., Woolwich, London SE18 6BQ, UK) V.1- 1868- Volume(issue)/page/year: 229,663,1985
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - woman
DOSE/DURATION :
77 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - mydriasis (pupillary dilation) Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold
REFERENCE :
AEMED3 Annals of Emergency Medicine. (American College of Emergency Physicians, 1125 Executive Circle, Irving, TX 75038) Volume(issue)/page/year: 14,161,1985
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - woman
DOSE/DURATION :
22 mg/kg/4W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Brain and Coverings - encephalitis Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity)
REFERENCE :
JCGADC Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology. (Raven Press, 1185 Ave. of the Americas, New York, NY 10036) Volume(issue)/page/year: 8,74,1986
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - woman
DOSE/DURATION :
40 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Cardiac - arrhythmias (including changes in conduction) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - acute pulmonary edema
REFERENCE :
AIMDAP Archives of Internal Medicine. (AMA, 535 N. Dearborn St., Chicago, IL 60610) V.1- 1908- Volume(issue)/page/year: 144,173,1984
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - man
DOSE/DURATION :
29 ug/kg/5M-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Cardiac - pulse rate increase, without fall in BP Vascular - BP elevation not characterized in autonomic section
REFERENCE :
AEMED3 Annals of Emergency Medicine. (American College of Emergency Physicians, 1125 Executive Circle, Irving, TX 75038) Volume(issue)/page/year: 14,1112,1985
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
466 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
ARZNAD Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. (Editio Cantor Verlag, Postfach 1255, W-7960 Aulendorf, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1- 1951- Volume(issue)/page/year: 35,1236,1985
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
76 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - muscle weakness Behavioral - irritability Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea
REFERENCE :
ARZNAD Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. (Editio Cantor Verlag, Postfach 1255, W-7960 Aulendorf, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1- 1951- Volume(issue)/page/year: 26,506,1976
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
115 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - mydriasis (pupillary dilation) Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature decrease
REFERENCE :
YACHDS Yakuri to Chiryo. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. (Raifu Saiensu Shuppan K.K., 2-5-13, Yaesu, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104, Japan) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 12(Suppl 6),969,1984
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
21 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - mydriasis (pupillary dilation) Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature decrease
REFERENCE :
YACHDS Yakuri to Chiryo. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. (Raifu Saiensu Shuppan K.K., 2-5-13, Yaesu, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104, Japan) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 12(Suppl 6),969,1984
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
320 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
OYYAA2 Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. (Oyo Yakuri Kenkyukai, CPO Box 180, Sendai 980-91, Japan) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,70,1968
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
80 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
JDGRAX Journal of Drug Research. (National Organization for Drug Research and Control, POB 29, Cairo, Egypt) V.2- 1969- Volume(issue)/page/year: 16,171,1985
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
208 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - mydriasis (pupillary dilation) Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature decrease
REFERENCE :
YACHDS Yakuri to Chiryo. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. (Raifu Saiensu Shuppan K.K., 2-5-13, Yaesu, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104, Japan) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 12(Suppl 6),969,1984
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
18 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
ARZNAD Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. (Editio Cantor Verlag, Postfach 1255, W-7960 Aulendorf, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1- 1951- Volume(issue)/page/year: 27,1022,1977
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION :
22811 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Cardiac - arrhythmias (including changes in conduction)
REFERENCE :
JPPMAB Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. (Pharmaceutical Soc. of Great Britain, 1 Lambeth High St., London SEI 7JN, UK) V.1- 1949- Volume(issue)/page/year: 21,488,1969
TYPE OF TEST :
LD - Lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - cat
DOSE/DURATION :
>50 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting Behavioral - food intake (animal)
REFERENCE :
APTOA6 Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica. (Copenhagen, Denmark) V.1-59, 1945-86. For publisher information, see PHTOEH Volume(issue)/page/year: 26,343,1968
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION :
600 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
NIIRDN Drugs in Japan (Ethical Drugs). (Yakugyo Jiho Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) Volume(issue)/page/year: 6,733,1982
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION :
12500 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
ARZNAD Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. (Editio Cantor Verlag, Postfach 1255, W-7960 Aulendorf, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1- 1951- Volume(issue)/page/year: 27,1022,1977
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION :
28100 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
FRPPAO Farmaco, Edizione Pratica. (Casella Postale 227, 27100 Pavia, Italy) V.8-43 1953-88 For publisher information, see FRMCE8 Volume(issue)/page/year: 35,49,1980 ** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
16100 mg/kg/23W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Brain and Coverings - changes in brain weight Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - changes in lung weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
REFERENCE :
JIMRBV Journal of International Medical Research. (Cambridge Medical Pub. Ltd., 435/437 Wellingborough Rd., Northampton, NN1 4EZ, UK) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 19,296,1991 ** REPRODUCTIVE DATA **
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
48 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 25-34 week(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - other neonatal measures or effects Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - biochemical and metabolic
REFERENCE :
JOPDAB Journal of Pediatrics. (C.V. Mosby Co., 11830 Westline Industrial Dr., St. Louis, MO 63141) V.1- 1932- Volume(issue)/page/year: 91,808,1977
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
150 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 8-18 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain)
REFERENCE :
PSCHDL Psychopharmacology (Berlin). (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ 07094) V.47- 1976- Volume(issue)/page/year: 79,148,1983
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
60 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 18-22 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral
REFERENCE :
PSCHDL Psychopharmacology (Berlin). (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ 07094) V.47- 1976- Volume(issue)/page/year: 79,148,1983
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
DOSE :
10500 ug/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 7 day(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - mating performance (e.g. # sperm positive females per # females mated; # copulations per # estrus cycles) Reproductive - Fertility - pre-implantation mortality (e.g. reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) Reproductive - Fertility - other measures of fertility
REFERENCE :
CCPTAY Contraception. (Geron-X, Inc., POB 1108, Los Altos, CA 94022) V.1- 1970- Volume(issue)/page/year: 12,53,1975 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X4182 No. of Facilities: 146 (estimated) No. of Industries: 1 No. of Occupations: 7 No. of Employees: 3627 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 2653 (estimated)

Safety Information

[ Symbol ]:

GHS07

[ Signal Word ]:
Warning

[ Hazard Statements ]:
H302

[ Precautionary Statements ]:
P301 + P312 + P330

[ Personal Protective Equipment ]:
dust mask type N95 (US);Eyeshields;Faceshields;Gloves

[ Hazard Codes ]:
Xn:Harmful

[ Risk Phrases ]:
R22

[ Safety Phrases ]:
S22

[ RIDADR ]:
UN1230 PG 2

[ WGK Germany ]:
3

[ RTECS ]:
UB7525000

[ HS Code ]:
2933990090

Synthetic Route

Precursor & DownStream

Customs

[ HS Code ]: 2922509090

[ Summary ]:
2922509090. other amino-alcohol-phenols, amino-acid-phenols and other amino-compounds with oxygen function. VAT:17.0%. Tax rebate rate:13.0%. . MFN tariff:6.5%. General tariff:30.0%

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